زهره کشاورز

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most important initiator of cervical cancer and its mortality. Despite the significant effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in preventing this cancer, vaccination rates remain low in many communities. The present study was conducted with aim to review the challenges and barriers to vaccination based on the health belief model (HBM) in women of childbearing age.

In this review study, the reliable databases were searched by two independent researchers following PICO guidelines and using MESH keywords including: Papillomavirus Infections, Human papillomavirus, Papillomavirus Vaccines, Health Belief Model, Self-Care, Patient Participation, Health Education, needs assessment and women. The process of selecting articles was based on the PRISMA flowchart and quality assessment of articles was done using the NOS and CASP checklists.

After reviewing and evaluating the quality of 2258 articles, 13 articles with 6030 women entered the review. According to the results, challenges and barriers were in three major categories: individual, psychosocial, and organizational. The most significant individual barriers included inadequate or incorrect information about the virus and perceived invulnerability against its pathogenicity. The most significant psychosocial barriers included fear and shame among women and the taboo of Sexually transmitted diseases. Unavailability of HPV vaccine, ineffective communication with clients, and communication and care gaps were also the major organizational barriers.

According to the results of this study, strategic approaches including enhancing women's knowledge of HPV, providing sexual counseling services, and implementing routine and free HPV vaccination should prioritize in national sexual health policies and programs. Furthermore, health care providers should be trained to establish effective and continuous communication with clients.

Erectile dysfunction is one of the most common sexual health problems in men and is defined by the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection for sexual performance. Several risk factors have been mentioned regarding its occurrence. Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that can lead to erectile dysfunction. The present study was conducted with the aim of a systematic review of the studies conducted on the relationship between erectile dysfunction and alcohol consumption.

The present study was conducted by searching in reliable databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar search engine without time limit until 2024 by two independent researchers and using Mesh keywords including: Dysfunction, Erectile, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, and Male Sexual Impotence. To evaluate the quality of the articles, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for observational studies or the Cochrane risk of bias tool for interventional studies.

After reviewing and evaluating the quality of 196 selected articles, finally 15 articles were included in the systematic review. The results of most studies show that alcohol consumption is effective in the occurrence of erectile dysfunction in men. The duration, frequency and amount of alcohol consumption were also effective on the severity and occurrence of erectile dysfunction. It has also been shown that avoiding alcohol can be effective in improving penile erection.

Despite the contradictory results of some studies, the findings of most studies show the existence of a relationship between alcohol consumption and erectile dysfunction.

Considering the increasing prevalence of obesity and the importance of examining the relationship between sexual dysfunction and obesity in women and the need for systematic reviews that summarize the results of similar studies, the present study was systematically conducted with aim to determine sexual performance in women with obesity using the questionnaire of the female sexual function index (FSFI). 

In this systematic review, based on the PRISMA checklist, a literature review was conducted with a systematic approach in the field of examining sexual function in obese women using the FSFI questionnaire. In this regard, a systematic review was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, etc. databases. The keywords that were selected included sexual function, obesity, and women. In this systematic review, all English and Persian observational articles from the inception to 2022 were used.

In this study, 761 articles were initially extracted from the investigated databases and sources, and finally, five published articles met the criteria for entering this systematic review. Among the articles, four articles were in English and 1 article was in Persian. In these studies, the sexual performance scores obtained from the obese group were evaluated as a total score, sexual desire, sexual arousal, vaginal moisture, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, and pain. As this review was conducted with the aim of determining sexual function in obese women using the FSFI questionnaire, in most studies, a decrease in scores of the questionnaire and in different areas of sexual function was observed.

According to the results of most studies examined in this systematic review, sexual dysfunctional in obese women is high. Therefore, it is recommended to evaluate the sexual function in obese people in order to identify and treat people who need intervention.

The most important factor initiating cervical cancer is human papilloma virus (HPV) infection; although the HPV vaccine can significantly prevent the infection in women, there is contradictory findings about its side effects such as premature ovarian failure (POF). The present systematic review was conducted with aim to determine the association between this vaccine and POF.

This study was conducted by search in the reliable databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus by two researchers independently based on the PICO guidelines and the use of Mesh terms including Papillomavirus vaccine, Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Primary Ovarian Insufficiency and Premature Ovarian Failure. Newcastle - Ottawa checklist was used to evaluate the quality of articles.

After review and evaluation of the quality of 128 primary articles, finally 7 articles were included in the systematic review. According to the results of population-based studies, there was no significant relationship between the HPV vaccine and POF; but there are case series which support the association between the HPV vaccine and POF. They declared that the cause of this complication was the induction of autoimmune response by the vaccine and the side-effects of the adjuvant used in it.

Considering that the HPV vaccine is currently the most effective approach in preventing cervical cancer, it seems more reasonable to use preventive benefits of this vaccine. Further studies emphasizing the possible side effects of the vaccine can minimize the challenges associated with this vaccine in the future.

One of the most common complaints in menopause is sleep disorders. Today people are more likely to use complementary and alternative medicine for their treatment. The present study was performed aimed to evaluate the clinical trials on the use of medicinal herbs in the treatment of menopausal sleep disorders in Iran.

In this narrative review study, databases of SID, Irandoc, Magiran, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched using the keywords of Clinical trials, Medicinal plants, Menopause, Menopause symptom and Sleep disorder. The full text of 32 articles from 2000 to 2020 has been used to write this article. 

In this study, 9 clinical trials were evaluated to improve sleep disorders in postmenopausal women by herbal remedies. The evaluated plants included Valerian (three studies), Lemon balm (two studies), Chamomile (one study), herbaceous (one study), Melis (one study), and Lavender (one study). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep disorders. The data suggest improved sleep disturbances in postmenopausal women caused by medicinal plants.

Medicinal herbs can be effective in menopausal sleep disorders, and due to the side effects of hormone therapies, these herbs can be used as a hormone therapy replacement in menopausal women, especially those who are contraindicated in hormone therapy.

The use of birth control pills, either arbitrarily and as prescribed by a doctor, to delay menstruation, has become very common in pilgrims on pilgrimages to the holy shrines in the past few years. On the other hand, few studies have been conducted to identify the prevalence and type of side effects of these pills. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalent side effects of these drugs on Iranian women pilgrims to holy places in 2019.

This is a cross-sectional study. In this study, 123 women Tamattu’ Hajj pilgrims and pilgrims of the holy shrines in 2019, who met the desired conditions, were selected based on purpose. The data collection instrument was a two-part researcher-made questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire was completed in the last days of the Hajj pilgrimage in the holy land of Arafat when the pilgrims referred to their tents and also in the last days of the pilgrimage to the holy shrines in interviews with the qualified people. The second part of the questionnaire collected the necessary information one month after returning from the Hajj and pilgrimage of the holy shrines. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors declared no conflict of interest

The results of the test for the frequency of drug side effects showed that spotting, bleeding, nausea and dizziness, anxiety and depression and irritability, chest pain and shortness of breath and lower extremity problems such as swelling, unilateral leg edema and leg pain were the most important complications. They were taking drugs and McNemar nonparametric test analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the occurrence of some complications during and after the trip (P<0.05).

Due to the side effects associated with taking the pills during and after the trip, pilgrims are recommended to use the least number of pills to create fewer side effects, and it is even better to start taking the pill just a few days before the expected time of menstruation.

Considering that ethnicity is one of the influential factors in choosing the contraceptive method, and the social, cultural and religious factors affecting this choice vary among different ethnic groups, therefore, this study was performed with aim to identify differences in contraceptive methods in a multi-ethnic mosaic community.

This cross-sectional study was performed in 2017 on 1000 married women at reproductive age (15-49 years) from five ethnic groups of Fars, Turk, Kurd, Turkman and Tat in North Khorasan. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire of fertility behavior (using deductive method based on literature review and compilation of existing questionnaire questions). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and t-test and bilateral variance analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The first priority of contraceptives was pills in all ethnic groups (most frequently in the Kurdish ethnicity). In Fars, Kurds and Turks, with slight differences between condoms and IUDs, they are the second priority of contraceptive methods. In the Tat and Turkmen ethnicity, with the clear distinction, condom was the second and IUD was the third priority of in choosing a contraceptive method.

The choice of contraceptive methods is influenced by the characteristics of individuals. Therefore, all planning, especially family planning programs which are directly related to fertility, should be based on specific cultural and social conditions and understanding the conditions of that community.

Psychological effects of infertility can play a significant role in the sexual life of infertile couples, and lead to sexual dysfunction of the couple. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational package to improve the skills of infertile couples in managing sexual relations.

This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 36 infertile couples (72 person) referred to Mahdieh Hospital Infertility Center, Tehran, Iran, in two intervention and control groups. The educational package was provided to the intervention group in 8 sessions. Data were collected using Female Sexual Function Questionnaire, Iranian Couples Sexual Adjustment Questionnaire, Larson Sexual Satisfaction and International Index of Erectile Function. The data were analyzed using chi-square, independent t, paired t, and ANOVA tests.

Before the intervention, the mean scores of sexual function, sexual satisfaction, and sexual adjustment in the two groups were not statistically significant (P < 0.050); but after the intervention, the mean scores of female sexual function, sexual satisfaction, and sexual adjustment of infertile women and their husbands in the intervention group showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) which was not in the control group.

The educational package of improving couples' skills in managing sexual relations led to increased sexual function of infertile couples. We recommend health planners to use it.

Marital satisfaction is considered to be the feelings and understanding of the couple about their marital relationship and their two-way relationship. Many factors play a role in creating marital satisfaction, and on the other hand, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that cause sexual health in a person. Sexual health has many dimensions and includes coordination and adaptation of physical, emotional, intellectual, and social aspects of sexual affairs in humans. This study was conducted to assess the marital satisfaction of working women in Iran through meta-analysis.

In this meta-analytic study, the issue of marital satisfaction amongst Iranian working women which has been published in local articles was evaluated. To find pertaining studies, Magiran, IranDoc, SID, Iranmedex, and Pubmed websites were used. Statistical society in this research consists of all studies in Iran in regard to the relationship between being a working woman and having marital satisfaction that has been accomplished since 2001-2018 and was indexed in one of the scientific informative websites.To access desired articles we used the English keywords of ‘Sexual dysfunction’, ‘Iran’, ‘Sexual function’, ‘Marital satisfaction’, ‘Working women’ and ‘women’ and their Persian equivalents. After the selection process of articles related to the research objectives, 10 articles were selected and assessed as final samples.

Collected data indicate that the average size of  the influence of working on marital satisfaction in research samples was equal to 0.063. Point estimate based on Cohen scale shows low influence level.

The influence of being a working woman on marital satisfaction is not approved. Generally being a working woman can be effective on marital satisfaction at a weak level. However, regarding the impact of women’s work on marital satisfaction, research’s statistical society is also effective and should be considered. On the other hand, the positive impacts of being a working woman has become more significant over time.

Having a child is the strongest desire in the world, and failure in it can be associated with stress, reduced interpersonal and social relationships, sexual dissatisfaction, and ultimately the breakdown of married life. The aim of this study was to evaluate sexual satisfaction and related factors in infertile couples with female infertility.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 103 infertile couples (206 patients) referred to the infertility center of Tehran, Iran. The Data were collected by two questionnaires including demographic questionnaires and Larsons Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire.

The total score of Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire was 75.00 (low sexual satisfaction) for infertile women, and 79.92 (moderate sexual satisfaction) for their husbands. Infertile women had significantly less sexual satisfaction than their husbands (P < 0.001). Women's sexual satisfaction had a statistically significant relationship with their education level, age of referral to infertility center, and infertility history (P < 0.001); and sexual satisfaction of infertile women's husbands had a statistically significant relationship with duration of infertility and age of marriage of women (P < 0.001).

The present study showed that infertile women had low sexual satisfaction, and their husbands had moderate sexual satisfaction. The sexual satisfaction of infertile women was significantly lower than their husbands, which requires special attention.

Female orgasm is a subjective phenomenon that has been wrongly introduced to people and therapists in the halo of exaggeration and perfectionism made by sexual films. This study was conducted to explore the Iranian women's experience of achievement of or failure to achieve orgasm and its consequences in sexual relationship < span dir="RTL">.
This qualitative study was conducted using content analysis method. Individual in-depth interviews with 20 married women were continued until data saturation. Sampling was performed using purposive sampling in the environment of two public clinics in Tehran. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis method. Trustworthiness of data was achieved through Lincoln and Guba criteria.
The results of data analysis were categorized into 3 categories, 8 subcategories, and 46 codes. The main categories include feeling of success to achieve orgasm, feeling of failure to achieve orgasm, and husband companionship. Successful orgasm in Iranian women led to the feeling of successfulness with pleasant emotions such as relief, excitement, or love and positive outcomes such as relaxation, intimacy, freshness, and vitality. Women's descriptions of orgasm were mainly psychological and emotional. Failure to achieve orgasm led to the feeling of failure with physical and psychological symptoms such as pain, nervousness, aggressiveness, and negative consequences such as being jealous of husband’s orgasm and regret for getting married.
To prevent and treat orgasm disorders in women, it should be noted that successful female orgasm can mainly be accompanied with pleasant emotional states and physical changes may beunclear or intangible, while failure to achieve orgasm in women can lead to vague physical or psychological symptoms. Couples training for sexual talk with spouse, as well as more interaction and companionship between wife and husband have effective roles in achieving female orgasm.

Recurrent miscarriage is a reproduction problem that affects 1-5 percent of couple. Sexual function of women suffering from recurrent miscarriage is not considered as it should be. The purpose of this study was to compare sexual function and intimacy in women with and without recurrent miscarriage.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 208 women referring to selected health centers in Tehran City, Iran, in 2018. Data collection tools included a demographic and midwifery questionnaires, Female Sexual Function Index, and Bagarozzi Sexual Intimacy Questionnaire (sexual dimension). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software.

The mean of total female sexual function score was 27.25 ± 4.99 and 31.22 ± 2.57 in groups with and without recurrent miscarriage, respectively. 53 women (51%) with and 13 cases (12.5%) without recurrent miscarriage had sexual dysfunction (P < 0.001). Moreover, the mean score of female sexual intimacy was 43.88 ± 6.41 and 47.08 ± 3.07 in women with and without recurrent miscarriage, respectively (P < 0.001).

 The high prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women with recurrent miscarriage reveals the need for attention to sexual issues in these women.</div>

Primary ovarian insufficiency is known as menopause before the age of 40 years. The afflicted women face both physical complications and various psychosocial problems capable of reducing their quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the way Iranian women coped with the disease. This was a qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews with 16 women with primary ovarian insufficiency selected via purposive sampling method. The data from interviews were then analyzed using content analysis method. Four main categories emerged for the way Iranian women with primary ovarian insufficiency confronted the disease: resilience (adaptation to life, spirituality, posttraumatic growth, and obtaining information), attitude towards the disease (wrong beliefs vs. positivism), attempts to manage health (life style modification, risk reduction, preventive measures, and non-genetic motherhood), and seeking support (from spouse, family, friends, healthcare team, and the government). There is a strong need to provide these women with effective and supportive relationships, as well as accurate information and consultation services. Moreover, creating websites for accurate information provision and forming virtual support groups helps them get adapted. Besides, the government can facilitate their adaptation with the disease through fertility insurance coverage.

Cervical cancer is one of the five most common cancers in Iranian women. Considering the impact of HIV on cervical cancer and the low rate of cervical cancer screening in HIV positive women, this study was conducted to review the barriers to cervical cancer screening in HIV positive women.
  In this systematic review, data were retrieved from Magiran, SID, Irandoc, Prequest, OVID, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science and Scupos databases from January 2000 to January 2018. The following keywords and their combination were used: cervical cancer screening, Pap smear, HIV-positive women, and barriers. The NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the selected articles and the articles that scored more than six were included in the study.
  From 145 selected articles, 21 were included in the review based on the inclusion criteria. The most common reported screening barriers were the costs of test, lack of awareness, low education level, younger age, lack of information about screening centers, and fear of sampling. 
  Considering the barriers to cervical cancer screening, increasing the level of awareness of the HIV-positive women, preparing free Pap smear services, and providing easier access to health centers for this high risk group could lead to early detection of cervical cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the common cancers in many countries and in Iran that reduces self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of spiritual care on self-efficacy of women with breast cancer. This experimental study was carried out on 40 women with breast cancer in 2017 in selected centers of Qom. They were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n = 20). For the intervention group, six sessions of spiritual care (one session in a week and each session for 90 minutes) were performed. Demographic information and general self-efficacy questionnaire of Sherer et al. were utilized for data collection. The subjects completed the questionnaires before the intervention, immediately after the intervention and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 21. According to the results of the study, the groups had the same demographic and underlying characteristics. There was a significant difference between the intervention group and control group in the mean score of self-efficacy immediately and after the intervention. The effect level was 40.1%. Therefore, spiritual care education affected the self-efficacy in women with cancer. The design and the implementation of this program based on the educational and supportive care needs of patients.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers around the world that leads to a decreased quality of life. Since one of the supportive measures is the use of spiritual teachings, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of religious care on the quality of life of women with breast cancer. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2017 among women with breast cancer who referred to Qom health centers at least two months after their diagnosis. Seventy subjects were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. For the intervention group, 6 sessions of religious – spiritual psychotherapy were held with the focus of communication with God, other people, self and environment. The quality of life of the subjects was evaluated before the intervention, immediately after the intervention and two months after that using The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) with mean score of 0 – 100. The results showed a significant difference between the dimensions of quality of life in the control and intervention groups: total health and quality of life (57.61±9.42) vs. (60±19.51) (p=0.002), physical health (46.22±19.53) vs. (61.35±13.36) (p=0.016), mental health (57.85±24.16) vs. (67.55±13.24) (p=0.005), social health (54.88±24.44) vs. (62.79±18.35) (p<0.001), and environmental health (62.05±3.55) vs. (67.33±33.43) (p=0.048), indicating that the results were stable over time. The results of the study showed that religious–spiritual psychotherapy increases the quality of life of women with breast cancer.

Nowadays, as a result of urbanization and change in lifestyle, teenagers' health is increasingly at risk. Adolescents do not have the correct knowledge, attitude, and performance in the field of reproductive health. The challenge is parents' lack of awareness of their important role in information transmission to adolescents. This study was conducted to evaluate the articles related to the educational needs of parents about sexual and reproductive health of adolescents inside and outside Iran. In this systematic review study, published articles in Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Iranmedex, Irandoc, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran were searched. Using keywords of reproductive health, sexual health, educational needs, parents, and adolescents for Persian and English articles. After evaluating the articles, 45 articles conducted inside and outside Iran from 2010 to 2017 were included in this study. The findings of 45 studies were categorized in four main domains of parents’ needs to proper knowledge and attitude about adolescents’ reproductive and sexual problems (14 studies), parent-adolescent communication barriers (15 studies), appropriate educational content (10 studies), and factors affecting parent empowerment in teaching reproductive and sexual problems to teenagers (12 studies); 6 studies were shared in all 4 domains. Discussion on the issues of reproductive health in the family increases the knowledge of reproductive and sexual issues, and reduces the high risk of sexual behavior in adolescents. To empower parents, designing and implementing appropriate interventions is required.

Fertility is responsible for the biological survival of the community. Therefore awareness of the fertility behaviors and the reasons for choosing these behaviors is very important. This study was designed to explain the factors influencing behavioral thinking from the viewpoint of specialists in the year 2016. This qualitative study was carried out by content analysis method and with an analytical approach and an individual interview for collecting the views of the reproductive health and nursing staff and a group of well-educated women in northern Khorasan with different specializations at Bent Alhadi Hospital and Nursing Midwifery School and the province's advertising site and was conducted in relation to the factors influencing behavior. The duration of each interview was between 30-45 minutes and also was saturated with 40 people. To analyze the qualitative data, MAXQDA10 software was used. The process of data analysis led to the emergence of two main categories including the underlying factors (welfare and access, social activities, women's independence and authority, ethnic-religious factors, government incentive packages, the impact of cyberspace, the situation health Community), and Individual factors including( reproductive health behavior, self-supporting, fertility desires of couples, couples sexual preferences, constraints childbearing, child and maternal health concerns). Considerably, some of them can be placed in both social and individual domains. Since fertility behavior as the most important phenomenon of population fluctuations is a multifactorial phenomenon and a wide variety of economic, social, and cultural factors influence on fertility through a complex mechanisms, therefore, it will be effective to identify the factors affecting fertility behavior and it seeks to provide appropriate policy with different views and different cultures in the country.

Primary dysmenorrhea is referred to painful menstrual cramps without organic cause, which is one of the most common problems in women of reproductive age. Regarding to high incidence of dysmenorrhea and its effect on daily activities and the side effects chemical drugs, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of Teucrium polium capsule on the pain duration of dysmenorrhea. This triple-blind controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 students with primary dysmenorrhea in one of the dormitories of Shahid Beheshti University in 2014. The subjects were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. During the first three days of menstruation, the intervention group was treated with Teucrium polium capsules every 6 hours and the control group with capsules containing starch powder, for two consecutive months. Pain duration was assessed based on the day (one period before the beginning of the study and two periods of intervention). Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 20) and SAS9.2 software, and independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and random effects model. P<0.05 was considered significant. There was no significant difference between the two groups in pain duration before the intervention (P > 0.05). The menstrual pain duration significantly decreased after the use of Teucrium polium capsule compared to placebo group (P <0.0001). The pain duration was 4.3 days before the use of Teucrium polium capsule that reduced to 1.9 and 1.4 days after the use of capsule in the first and second periods, respectively. Teucrium polium capsule significantly reduces the menstrual pain duration and can be used to treat primary dysmenorrhea

Background and Professional quality of life is a concept felt by an individual in relation to their jobs. Positive and negative aspects of a job influence professional quality of life. Evaluation of professional quality of life requires reliable scales. The current study aimed at translating (into Persian) and examining the psychometric properties of professional quality of life scale for health care service providers.
This methodological research was conducted in 464 physicians, midwives and nurses working in hospitals of Qazvin province, using convenience sampling. Based on permission from the developer of the scale, it was back translated. Face validity, content validity, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were tested. Test-retest and internal consistency were used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire.
Confirmatory factor analysis showed that items 1, 4, 15, 17, and 29 did not present significant factor loadings ( Present study showed that the modified Persian version of Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) consisting of 25 items could be used as a valid and reliable instrument in assessing professional quality of life in physicians, midwives, and nurses.

Endometrial cancer is the fifth most common cancer in females worldwide. One of the most important risk factors for endometrial cancer is obesity. The relationship between obesity and endometrial cancer is due to the exposure to biological agents produced in the adipose tissue. In general, the presence of lipids is essential for the growth and development of cancer cells. Given the limited studies regarding the association between lipid profile and endometrial cancer and their contradictory results, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to bridge this gap.
For the purpose of the study, the studies related to the issue of interest and published until November 2017 were searched in Google Scholar search engine and several international databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, web of knowledge, and SID, by two authors independently. The search process was accomplished using the following keywords alone or in combination: "lipid", "lipoprotein", "cholesterol", "LDL cholesterol", "HDL cholesterol", "triglyceride", "dyslipidemia", "endometrial cancer", "endometrial carcinoma", and "endometrial neoplasm". The MOOSE instruction was employed to perform and report this meta-analysis. The data were analyzed using Stata statistical software, version 14.
A total of 369,649 subjects participated in the eight reviewed studies, 2,809 of whom were inflicted with endometrial cancer, while the rest were healthy. The combined estimates of the relative risk for total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were 1.21 (95% CI: 0.98-1.45) and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.74-1.48), respectively. This value was obtained as 1.09 (95% CI: 1.10-1.71) and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.10-1.85) for the highest low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride levels, respectively, compared to the lowest levels.
As the findings indicated, serum triglyceride levels were associated with endometrial cancer. However, this cancer showed no relationship with total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels.

Domestic violation against women is one of the serious problems of public health. The Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) is able to identify the abused woman. The aim of this study was to assess validity and reliability of the Persian version of Women Abuse Screening Tool.
This was a cross-sectional study. The English version of Women Abuse Screening Tool was translated into Persian using forward-backward procedure. The final Persian version was completed by 80 married women in 2017. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess construct validity. Relaubility of the tool was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest analysis.
Exploratory factor analysis confirmed two-factor structure for the scale. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.84 and intra-class correlation was 0.81 indicating that the scale had appropriate reliability.
The findings of the study showed that the Persian version of Women Abuse Screening Tool is a valid and reliable measure for screening abused women in Iran.

Menopause is a major concern in women’s productivity. Low estrogen in this period brings about many complications. Besides hot flashes, which are the most common menopausal symptom, women might experience vaginal dryness, sleeping disorders, depression, low bone density, as well as cardiovascular diseases. To decrease these life-threatening complications, postmenopausal women receive varying treatments including hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Among the replacement therapies, phytoestrogens are special. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of phytoestrogens on menopause symptoms.
This was a systematic review of the previous studies. The search was conducted through Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID) and IranMedex databases during 2013-2017, using the keywords menopause, climacteric, phytoestrogens, isoflavones, non-steroidal estrogen, and menopausal symptoms.
Findings: Ultimately, 25 articles, including 7 meta-analyses, 14 clinical trials, 2 cohort studies, and 2 cross-sectional ones were found focusing on the effect of phytoestrogens on menopause symptoms. These studies measured the effect of phytoestrogens on depression, vaginite atrofica, hot flashes, cardiovascular diseases indices and blood pressure, bone status, and the risk of cancer in women.
The results revealed that having estrogenic effects, the phytoestrogens could be considered as a proposed treatment to relieve menopause symptoms in the hope of improving women’s quality of life during this time span.