زینب گیلانی

One of the rules that has been legislated in Islam with the aim of eliminating hardship is the rule of urgency. This rule is one of the written rules and the most important reason for it is the rational ruling. This rule is effective in many chapters of jurisprudence and governs the proofs of primary rulings. The purpose of this research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources, is to analyze the application of the emergency rule in the treatment of Masturbation. Masturbation is sexual intercourse with oneself, which may sometimes be considered as an emergency; Especially when its treatment requires its phased withdrawal. Because not treating it causes Behavioral addiction and has many damages for the perpetrator. The results of the research show that due to the fact that one of the sources of urgency is necessity, it can be relied on for the treatment of masturbation. Of course, according to the evidence of urgency, in order to commit haram in emergency cases, it is necessary to be satisfied with less degree and in cases where there is an alternative way, it is not possible to rule on the permissibility of haram acts. Damage in an emergency should be checked by an expert on a case-by-case basis. One of the ways to diagnose the emergency in masturbation is by a psychotherapist who can diagnose the issue as an expert.

One of the important topics in the field of information technology is hacking information systems, i.e. finding the security vulnerabilities of a system to infiltrate and access its information, which can be done with different motives and can follow desirable or undesirable consequences at both individual and public levels and in different fields. This is why hackers are classified into different types, such as white hats, gray hats, and black hats. The purpose of this descriptive-analytic research is to investigate the legitimacy of hacking in Islamic jurisprudence. The findings of the present study show that hacking does not have the same jurisprudential results and varies based on the intentions and actions of the hackers.  White hat hackers are legitimate, but black hat hackers are illegitimate. The most important component in analyzing the legitimacy of a hack is "more expediency" and the most important factor in its illegality is "unauthorized violation of the rights of others". Hence, if for the most important expediency, there is no other way but to hack information systems, action is not forbidden.