سجاد نجفی بهزادی

 The aim of the current research is to investigate the deconstruction of the narration of women's characters in the Shahnameh and the rewritten texts narrated by Atusa Salehi. In deconstructive analysis, rewriting presents a new and fresh narrative by changing the center and centrality of the construction of the old work. In this research, it is shown how the presence of the omniscient and omniscient narrator in the rewritten stories is pale and a kind of change and deconstruction in women's narration is created through shifting the centrality and axis of the narration. The most important issue for deconstructive analysis is the use of contrasts hidden in the text; the contrast of love and affection with epic and war is one of the most prominent contrasts of this rewriting. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is the examination of library documents. The results of the research showed that Salehi presented a different narration of the women of Shahnameh and new dimensions of their personality with a creative narrative and using the contrast of epic, war and love. Where characters such as Gordafarid, Manijeh, Jarireh, Shahrnaz, etc. have a more effective and prominent presence in the narrative than in the original text, and their emotional and peaceful character prevails over their warlike and epic spirit. This new dimension and reading is suitable for the mood and personality of the teenage audience

The purpose of this research is to investigate the family structure in selected novels for teenagers based on Boerman's point of view. Boerman considers seven patterns and structures for the family. This essay examines Boerman's seven-fold structure in the novels of Hasti, man nowkare baba nistam, and asheghanehaye yunes dar shekame mahi' , using the method of content analysis, in order to determine what the family structure is like in the novels in question, and the teenager What is the role and place of being a member of the family in this structure? And which of Boerman's structures is more reflected in the studied novels? The method of gathering information is by examining and analyzing the content of works and library documents. The results of the research showed that among the desired patterns and structures, authoritarian structures, non-intervention and free and condescension were seen in all the studied novels. The structure based on equality was only one case and democratic and benevolent structures were not observed in any of the novels, which shows the passive and weak role of teenage characters in important family decisions. The role of mother as a member of the family has a different function in novels. In the novel Hasti, the mother plays the role of the supporter of Hasti; As it is, with the support of this support, he was able to change his father's authoritarian and authoritarian personality. In the novel man nowkare baba nistam, the mother has a passive role.

Ancient anecdotes and stories (Kelileh and Demneh) are considered to be very suitable resources for training, nurturing and flourishing the talents of children and teenagers due to their educational capacities and excellent and pure educational themes. The purpose of the current research is to analyze the rewritten stories of Kelileh and Demneh based on the types of adaptation. The research method is content analysis. While examining the definition of adaptation and its types, the authors have presented various strategies and criteria to carry out a creative and suitable adaptation. Choosing a suitable and creative title, using white writing techniques and telling gaps, creativity in the beginning and ending of stories, expanding the story and old stories through increasing the number of events in the story, increasing conflicts, etc. are important. It is the most important component of a creative and free adaptation of ancient texts, including Kelileh and Demneh. The results of the research showed that among the reviewed works of four rewriting groups, despite the fact that all four groups did not use creative rewriting criteria much; But Davoud Lotfollah and Mozhgan Sheikhi, according to the average that was obtained, compared to the other two rewriters, namely Mehdi Azar Yazdi and Reza Shirazi, have used more features of creative adaptation in their stories.

In the process of modernizing societies, numerous cultural elements, roles, and social structures undergo changes and transformations. These transformations are influenced by the form and structure of societies, the type and function of elements, and the way social roles are understood and confronted within the context of modernity. The Bakhtiari society, characterized by its traditional structure within Iranian society, has witnessed rapid changes and transformations in recent decades. These changes impact various tribal and familial structures, relationships between social roles, customs, and traditions. By conducting field studies and research, as well as examining literature and art as manifestations of the broader culture of the society under investigation, valuable insights can be gained through sociological investigations of these transformations. This research undertakes an analysis and examination of two screenplays, The Skier (Ski-Baz) and The Twelfth Team-mate, (Yar-e-Davazdahom) directed by Fereydoun Najafi, from a sociological perspective through Anthony Giddens' theory. Giddens delineates four essential components of traditions, which serve as a framework for the analysis. The research findings illustrate that both screenplays, The Skier and The Twelfth Team-mate embody the four components of tradition from Giddens' perspective. In Bakhtiari society, traditions have not vanished but instead endured as they are cherished and safeguarded by individuals. According to Giddens, these traditions are deeply embedded in the group's identity (Bakhtiari tribe) and are constantly reasserted across various domains.

Character is an important element in the story, and the audience, especially children and young people, learn the most important basics of life through modeling and feeling identification with the people in the story; Therefore, investigating the portrayal of character elements in stories, especially child and youth characters, is particularly important in this context, and the purpose of this research is to investigate these types of characters in popular stories in Bakhtiari culture based on Documentary method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The result of the research shows that in the investigated stories, the number of children and young people is more than adults; Girls have a stronger role than boys. In terms of social class, most of the characters of children and young people belong to the lower class, and despite the presence of more female characters, the main character of most of the stories is chosen from the male characters. Among the physical characteristics, more attention has been paid to the beauty of the girl's face and long hair, and the shooting, hunting, physical strength and good looks of the boy, and among the emotional and moral characteristics, more attention has been paid to their courage, kindness, intelligence, wisdom and loyalty .

Ancient texts such as “Kelileh and Demneh” have a great place and importance among students due to their content and educational concepts. The linguistic structure (technical prose) and the stylistic feature of “Kelileh and Demneh” are such that most audiences have difficulty communicating with this work. The purpose of the present study is to review the book “Kelileh and Demneh” Sharh Hossein Haddad by Qadyani Publications. This book, which has been described and compiled based on the correction of Minavi and Hassanzadeh Amoli, in addition to its advantages and positive components, is not without its drawbacks. In this research, by using the method of content analysis and collecting information in the form of library documents, while criticizing and reviewing the book “Kelileh and Demneh” Sharh by Hossein Haddad, a comparison with other versions of Kelileh has been carried out, and the book has been reviewed from two perspectives: form and content. The results of the research showed that there are problems and content objections (in the field of vocabulary, Arabicization, allusions, etc.) in the above-mentioned description that should be considered in the new edition. The lack of attention of the commentator to the Arabic text of “Kelileh and Demneh”, contenting himself only with the old versions of the work, not referring to important sources in the field of Arabic and Persian dictionaries, dictionary of allusions, etc. caused such problems in the book.

One of the most important ways to convey the concepts of sustainability to children is to use imaginative forms of poetry. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze imaginary forms (simile, metaphor, metaphor and irony) in children's stability poems. The population studied in this research is a collection of poems by Leila Jafari. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results showed that among the imaginary forms, the element of simile has been used the most in the poet's poems. The reason is to provide tangible and objective images of the bitter and violent events of the war. The poet provides the child with a scary and violent atmosphere of war with the help of delicate and tangible images so that the reader can get acquainted with the phenomenon of war and its events. In classifying images, the poet has used both surface and depth images.

The title as a contextual factor plays an important role in attracting the audience and reading the text. This component is doubly important and valuable in adolescent fiction. The title of the work must be chosen artistically in order to display the quality of the text. The importance of choosing a title for children's and adolescents' fiction is doubly important according to their needs and age conditions. Given the growth and development of cyberspace and computer games that are available to children and adolescents today, child writers must be creative in choosing the title, theme and theme of the story in order to compete with the virtual world. Encourage children to read and read stories. One of the creative tricks in attracting the audience is choosing the right title for the work. A title that encourages the child to read the story. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the descriptive function of the titles of the novels of Hasti, call me Ziba and the romances of Younes in the belly of a fish based on Gerard Genet's extra-textual and intra-textual theory. The titles of these novels have been studied and analyzed based on Gerard Genet. Theory and descriptive functions (thematic, ironic, metaphorical, etc.).

Research method and research history

The research method is qualitative analysis of the content of the works and the method of collecting information is in the form of library documents. No independent research has been done on the Analysis of the titles of adolescent novels based on the descriptive functions of Gerard Genet; but there have been studies on the subject of fiction and novels that point to some of the most important issues. Absolutely Maadikhah and Namvar (2013) in his master's thesis entitled "The context of the title and the title as the threshold of the text in cinema with emphasis on the works of Abbas Kiarostami" based on Gerard Genet's views on the vision of the text, "Title And "title" of the film are introduced as types of context that play an important role in how the audience reads the text of the work. Namvar Motlagh (2009) in the article on the title of Iranian works of art and literature, a semiotic study of the title of art from the fourth to the twelfth century, with a semiotic approach, the titles of literary and architectural works of Iranian culture from the fourth century AH. He studied until the end of the Safavi period and then points to the economic role of modern titles. Salehi, Sara et al. (1398) in the article "Study of the titles of war stories in the field of children and adolescents, addressed the category of titles in terms of structure and content. The results of this study showed that the structure of titles in the 60's is simpler than combined; as we distance ourselves from the war, the titles become more artistic, and the themes of the titles pay more attention to the time of the war than to the front or nostalgia for the war.

Hasti and call me Ziba novels by Farhad Hassanzadeh and Younes's love novels in the belly of a fish by Jamshid Khanian have been selected for review. The titles of these novels have been studied and analyzed based on Gerard Genet theory. First, a summary of the novels is presented, and then the titles of the novels are analyzed based on Genet's theory and descriptive approach. According to Genet, the title of the novel has a function of identity. The title of the story includes the life of a teenage girl named Hasti. The character of the universe is present and plays a role in all scenes. From the point of view of Genet, the title of Younes's romance novel in the belly of a fish is an extra-textual title. This refers to mythical elements and characters. The subject of the novel also has a mystical and spiritual aspect. Younes' love for Sarah is a guiding and transcendental love. In terms of Gerard's descriptive functions, the title of the novel Call Me Ziba is a thematic title. "Thematic titles that represent the theme and are presented in different ways" (Zhou, 1394: 4). The title of the novel indicates the situation of people who have been neglected due to mental illness and now frustrated and helpless; they seek a way out of this situation.

The study and analysis of the titles of adolescent novels based on Gerard Genet. perimeter theory and different functions of the title (descriptive, identity, absorption, etc.) showed that the artistic choice of the title has a great effect on encouraging the audience to read the text and story. Among the works reviewed, Younes's romance novel in Fish Belly, based on Genet's theory, has an extra-textual title and a thematic function. An extra-textual title is a title that also refers to the world outside the text and leaves the understanding of part of the message of the story to the background of the audience's mind. The words of Younes and the belly of the fish are reminiscent of the story of Younes for the audience. While the story of the novel is a narrative of spiritual and transcendental love, the symbolism of Younes' character, his symbolic death and his departure from the belly of the fish, which symbolizes the dark and material world, have revealed the extra-textual aspects of the work. The title of this novel, unlike the other two novels, has other functions such as absorption and metaphorical function. The title of the novel is a title of identity. Identity card shows the work and identity of the fictional character.

Imagery is an important feature of adolescent’s poetry. Attractive imagery and the success of the poet in presenting the poetic images is dependent on the extent of the use of image-making illustrative elements in each poem. The purpose of this article is to examine the three types of image (descriptive, imaginative-realist and imaginative-dynamic) in selected adolescent’s poetry of the 90s. The frequency of each image has been extracted and analyzed in the poems of 20 poets of adolescent’s poetry (10 male poets and 10 female poets). The studied works are in the form of a collection of adolescent’s poetry today and are published by the Children and Adolescents Development Center. The research method is content-analysis and the data collection method is in the form of library documents. The results showed that descriptive images had the highest frequency and application. The reason for the great use of descriptive images is the poets' desire for nature and the use of natural elements for illustration. Imaginative-dynamic images, which play an important role in the animation and dynamics of poetic images, had a lower frequency.

War is one of the most violent and harmful phenomena for societies and nations. In addition to the violence and psychological damage of war, the issues of stability and defense of national unity and patriotic values ​​are among the important and obvious issues of war. The transfer of values, stability, resistance of the warriors and the brave men of Iran during the eight-year Iran-Iraq war, provide valuable experiences for children and adolescents. The history of Sacred Defense literature begins and continues from the first days of the war because the events of that time are present today and its memories and effects have remained in the minds, consciences and inside and outside of the generation that has reached the text of the events today. The resistance literature seeks to convey to the audience the human meanings of war or Sacred Defense. But, the main issue in this transition is to determine how the audience relates to these works because children and adolescents are far from the imposed war, at least in terms of time. Resistance literature commits itself to acquainting them with the sacrifices and resistances of warriors and to institutionalizing values, ​​such as endurance, self-sacrifice, empathy, etc. in them. The literary genre of poetry is a good platform for conveying the values ​​and concepts of war and resistance literature. Child and adolescent poets have made many references to war and the issue of resistance in their poems. It seems necessary to provide beautiful and objective images of war events and issues for this age group who do not have a complete experience and understanding of war events.                                                                            

The research method in this research is descriptive and includes content analysis. The method of collecting information is also in the form of library documents. Masoomeh Mehri's collection of resistance poems has been analyzed and studied in terms of rhetorical functions of the image.

The purpose of this study is to represent the war and its events to adolescents in the poetic illustrations of Masoomeh Mehri’s poems, one of the young poets in the field of resistance. The importance of presenting images related to the war, reflecting the sufferings, courage and perseverance of the brave men of Iran for the generation of children and adolescents and institutionalizing these concepts in the form of appropriate and imaginative images is a significant issue. The use of deep and inner imageries to connect the audience with the poems and internalize the concepts of war has required the poet to present and use effective images. Poetic images have been criticized based on the principles of rhetoric and imagery levels (introversion or extroversion of images, depth or superficiality of images).The research questions are: 1. what kind of images has the poet used to acquaint the adolescent audience with the concepts of war? 2. In addition to conveying the concepts of sustainability, have the poetic images been able to present an attractive and different image of war (reducing the burden of war violence) to the audience? And what is the function of each type of image in the poet's poetry?In the category of extraversion and introversion of images, the issues of superficial and deep images are studied and analyzed. The importance and application of this type of images in attracting the audience and institutionalizing the concepts of resistance and war for the audience including children and adolescents. In her collection of poems, the poet has paid attention to both types of images (deep and superficial). The poet's ability to use superficial and deep images appropriate to the situation of the child's audience is remarkable and thought-provoking. As the age of the audience increases, the poet increases the depth of the images. This can be seen in the book My Mother Iran Banoo. To be more effective, the poet deepens her poetry in terms of images and emotion. Another type of rhetorical images is the random image. Images that are formed through a deep and imaginative connection between phenomena in an abstract course and are exciting for the audience.

The results of the research showed that Masoomeh Mehri has used pristine and fresh images to represent and reconstruct the war and its events. All kinds of images of surface and depth, incidental and positive can be seen in her poetry. He has used positive images to express his national belief and patriotism, images that have both an element of imagination and emotion within them. It uses superficial images to describe the ugliness and cruelty and violence of war. Images whose emotional load reduces the violence and horror of war. In the collection My Mother Iran Banoo, Mehri depicts the beginning, the peak and the end of the war in 15 beautiful literary paintings. The poet's avoidance of stereotyped and repetitive images is the most important feature of this collection. The deeper we move the images from the beginning of the boards to the middle and the end. To the extent that it leads to the creation of amazing and random images. The sum of random and deep images has been used more than positive and superficial images. The reason for this is the poet's attempt to provide deep images of the war and to avoid repetitive and clichéd images. Using myths, historical sites (Alamut Castle), historical events (Mongol and Alexander invasions of Iran, burning of Persepolis) and referring to these events in the background, in addition to deepening the image, the poet provides the presence and participation of the audience in the poems.

The thinking skills of self-awareness, empathy, decision-making and communication play an important role in the lives of children and adolescents. Child and adolescent writers can enhance these skills in children through the world of fiction and novels. Kids need to learn some skills to enter the community and life. Skills that prepare children to face life's challenges and problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the skills of self-awareness, decision-making, empathy and critical thinking in fiction works by Farhad Hassanzadeh. The research method is qualitative and quantitative analysis of the content of the works. The results of this study showed that among the skills studied, empathy and self-awareness skills had the most application among other skills. Among the components of self-awareness skills, the component of recognizing weaknesses and strengths and among the components of empathy skill, components of respect for others and friendliness have the most application. Another point is the lack of attention to components such as tolerance of individuals and attention to their values, critical thinking, and recognition of rights and responsibilities.

Choosing the type of theme for children's and teen stories is very important. What have been seen in children's stories from ancient times to the present are moral and educational themes. These types of themes have valuable messages that help the child in moral development and excellence. In addition to moral and educational issues, today's child also needs life skills training. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the educational, moral and skill themes of selected children's stories in Iran and the world. The research method is content analysis and the method of data collection is documentary and library. The reviewed works are from selected children's stories and are published by the Center for the Intellectual Development of Children and Adolescents. The results showed that by examining the themes of 45 selected stories from 30 child authors in Iran and the world, educational and moral themes were the most used. Skills-training themes have been less used. The use of skill themes such as self-belief, overcoming fear and loneliness, self-knowledge and self-awareness in children's stories also seems necessary.

The rewriting of literary texts for the children and adolescent audience is one of the concerns of the authors of this field. The creative rewriting of the old texts encourages the reader to read the original text. Do these texts require creative rewriting or simple rewrite? What are the criteria for simple and creative rewrite? Which rick are the texts in this creative research and which ones are simple? The purpose of the present research is to investigate and re-write the stories of Khosrow and Shirin, Weiss and Ramin, Lilly and Majnoon from classical romantic texts. Re-written stories have been analyzed and analyzed in terms of simple and creative rewriting patterns. The method of the research is through the qualitative analysis of the content of fiction works and the method of data collection as a library document. The most important rewrite patterns discussed in this research are: creativity at the beginning and end of stories, reader participation in the story through the blur of the white paper and the split, multi-voice in the text, imitation of the pretext, hidden or apparent Being intrinsic, suspense, excitement, and excitement. The results of this study showed that, based on the above mentioned patterns, among the rewritten texts mentioned, the story of Khosrow and Shirin, due to the use of gaps, internal texture, and multiplicity in the text and hidden inside, creative rewriting and stories Rewritten Lilly and Magnon and Veis and Ramin are simply rewritten from the old text.

The purpose of this article is to analyze and analyze the rewritten story of Bijan and Manije. The story of Bijan and Manije is one of Shahnameh's romantic and entertaining tales whose creative rewriting introduces the audience to children and adolescents. The research method is qualitative analysis of the content of the works and the method of data collection is in the form of documents and libraries. Bijan and Manijeh's rewritten story is one of the new versions of the ancient text (Shahnameh), creatively rewritten for a child and adolescent audience. The results of the study showed that the story of Shahnameh rewritten by Atusa Salehi, although more focused on enriching spatiality, also conveyed the epic space and tone of the old text to the audience and created a fresh and attractive narrative for the reader. It also features features such as changes to fixed text elements, character representation, whiteness and readership in the story, creativity at the beginning and end of the story, creation of new story spaces and themes, Bijan and Manije story. Has made it a creative narrative and rewrite.

Mystical texts contain concepts and valuable messages for children and adolescents. Creative rewriting of these texts can familiarize children and adolescents with important mystical material. The purpose of this research is to compare some of the narratives of Attar Neishabouri with its rewritten text from the collection of Mahdi Azaryazdi rewrites to understand the important principles of a creative rewriting. The research method is quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content. By studying the stories from the original text and adapting them to the rewritten text, they are examined from the perspective of the elements of the story and appropriate rewriting techniques. The results showed that Azaryazdi changed the mystical introspection and turned it into moral immortality in order to acquaint children with mystical texts. An increase in the number of characters, an increase in the element of conflict and dialogue, the expansion of spatial and minor events, and the change in the title of stories are one of the most important techniques that have been considered for rewriting. The presentation of the introvert of the story in the direct form and the lack of attention to the element of suspense is one of the weak points of the annoying rewriting.

Theme and image play an important and constructive role in children's stories. Theme selection and proper processing have an important role in attracting the audience. The writers of children’s literature chose introversals for the story to be attractive and thoughtful. As a key element, the image should also help the child understand the intricacies of the story and encourage the audience's imaginative aesthetic. The research method is documentary and quantitative analysis of the content of the works. In this research, the components such as its intrinsic and frequency, the method of presenting the in-tune, the relationship between the title of the story and its theme, and its role in the presentation of the intangible, are discussed. The subject of Behranghi's stories is about social issues and community crises. In Behranghi's works, the subject matter variation is relatively small. One-dimensional social (social) works have caused his audience to be often of a particular class of society. The relationship between images with a theme one is often a complementary relationship. The image helps to better capture the theme. Black and white images use neutral colors (gray and black) with intricate stories.

Children visualize different images of God and they are always curious about knowing him. This curiosity often shows up in continuous questioning. They seek a clear and convincing image of the concept of God. Literature as a medium can help the child in this respect. Poets who write poetry for children each present an image of God in their own style. The purpose of this research was to study God's image in children's poetry. The research method was a content analysis one. In this study, the frequency of titles of God, the classification of the types of images and the frequency of poems related to the concept of God were examined. Among 30 poets (9 Females and 21 Males) and 120 works, only 40 poems were related to the concept of God, which were often repetitive and stereotyped. Among the topics, they used the beauty of nature as signs for theology. Most of the poems related to God approach the topic indirectly. The poet does not interact directly with God or praise Him poetically. There are more descriptive imagery than imaginative interactive imageries is these poems.

Review and compare writers of children's stories Theme comparative and world literature plays an important role in understanding the child's position in the world and attitude towards children's authors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative Theme author of children's stories both Iran and the world (Ahmad Reza Ahmadi and Megan McDonald to review practices Theme fit with a children's audience and author’s attitude towards children. Donald theme stories on issues like the curiosity and the increasing amount of information about your child and encouraging children to protect the environment and so on. Ahmadi could be to include the theme stories, questioning the way for a better understanding of the world. Depression and sadness caused by loneliness and its impact on children's audience. Seizing opportunities and moments. Children's stories Donald self-esteem and confidence so that could save the world, but the child in the stories Ahmadi, compared to children stories Donald, self-esteem are less and less adventurous and curious .

The child's writers, with proper in-house selection and processing, can familiarize children with the important issues of life and the world around them. One of the authors who have paid attention to children and their issues in their stories is Rold dale. He is one of the prominent writers of British child literature. Dale has created numerous works for the child and adolescent, and most of his works have been translated into Persian and several languages. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the theme and image and image in the childish stories of the dale. The theme of the stories of Dale is often about childhood and childhood issues. The research method is library and content analysis. Issues such as children's and adult's intellectual differences, the reduction of children's fears, the negative effects of violence in the child's life, the increase of love and empathy between children and peers, and the strengthening of the child's attitude of critique are the most important intrinsic stories of the dale.