سعید غلامپور

The present article emphasizes the need to pay attention to the environmental dimensions and especially the natural substrate in architectural and urban planning projects. Comprehensive attention to nature is necessary in all cultural and climatic dimensions of architecture. Relying on the knowledge of technology, modern man has no qualms about changing and destroying nature, and a review of recent experiences shows the destruction of natural resources by implementing some plans on different scales. Of course, the advancement of technology does not necessarily conflict with the natural mechanism and sometimes it also takes steps to strengthen the relationship with the natural environment. This is despite the fact that the ancients paid more attention to nature and their hand-made works were made with much higher harmony than nature. Based on field observations and citing library sources and document analysis, this research seeks to prove the hypothesis that modern architectural knowledge should also give more importance to the adaptation of design to nature and take steps to strengthen human interaction with nature as much as possible. Undoubtedly, understanding this issue with practical training and workshops based on environmental knowledge can provide better conditions for sustainable development. The aim of this training will be to gain scientific knowledge about the resources of the natural environment, moral principles, values and skills in line with sustainable development.

Road, as one of the important achievements of humankind, meets humans’ needs and shows the evaluation process of communication culture. Humans have always created a distinct environment by designing their surroundings and intervening the nature. This type of design and intervention in nature is one of the distinctive features of human civilization. But in the experience of the formation of urban spaces, today, humankind has reached a point of interference in the environment that sometimes he cannot tolerate; and sometimes seek refuge in nature to regain his sense of peace. The spaces covered by the roads are important as the urban and rural living spaces and require careful planning, management, and design. Engineering sciences intervene in nature by using technologies and paying less attention. This is despite the fact that the road is also a space for human life. Sometimes it becomes the destination and is the connecting line between origin and destination; it also welcomes people for hours. Based on field observations, library resources, and document analysis, this research proves that the road phenomenon requires more experts' reflection and should be the subject of a joint study with other sciences other than engineering sciences, including the knowledge of landscape architecture. Studying the road with a landscape approach and a more comprehensive view emphasizes strengthening the relationship between the road and its natural environment. Paying more attention to the natural areas of the road substrate, in addition to improving the quality of the road, will also strengthen travel safety conditions.

The road to respond to the needs of today's modern world, affected by the advancement of technological tools, seeks to increase speed and increasing safety. This study seeks to improve the landscape quality of roads, explains the effective criteria in road design and the need to pay attention to the category of design ethics and emphasizes them.

In order to increase the quality of travel, human life, the survival of plants and animals, should be given more attention. Ethical design guarantees the flow of life on the road. This view of the road strengthens the mental dimensions of the road that is the subject of landscape science. Landscape as an integrated system, emphasizes the need to simultaneously pay attention to the quality of human life on the road, the preservation of plant and animal life. Finally, the ethical view of road landscape science, according to all three categories, passenger mentality, conservation of plant and animal life is effective in improving the quality of roads. Ethical landscape design is not just about eliminating modern technology. Nor does it confirm the dominance of technology over nature; it seeks to strike a balance between human life, plants and animals with its holistic vision. The landscape is revitalizing. It has a sustainable approach. Man is inherently inclined to nature; landscape approach in dealing with the road phenomenon, certainly emphasizing the mentality of travelers, guarantees the survival of natural cycles, respect for the environment and efforts to preserve it.

Tourism is the result of the desire to know other different cultures from the tourist culture. Culture is a general reaction to life and tourism in direct relation to human issues. In the meantime, in a more superficial sense, the road only plays the role of communication between the origin and destination of the tourist. Although paths sometimes establish a deep connection with human life, they can be selected as a destination for travelers. Roads cover a significant area of the country; thus, it is necessary to take more effective steps to understand and improve their quality. However, studies conducted in the modern era indicate that with the acceleration of the flow of life, speed of movement, consequently road safety has become the first priority of planners, designers, and road engineers. This kind of physical view of the road is one of the main characteristics of engineering sciences. Apart from the measures taken by the engineering sciences in order to facilitate and accelerate as much as possible, the purpose of the road study can be exceeded. Landscape knowledge has come with the help of engineering techniques and with a holistic view of the concept of road phenomenon and simultaneous attention to all tangible and intangible dimensions of the road, take effective steps to improve its quality with the aim of achieving cultural tourism. This is a qualitative research based on qualitative content analysis that tries to examine the impact and role of landscape approach at different levels Phenomenon studies by examining library documents, reviewing previous theories of experts, as well as observing and analyzing conditions while emphasizing the need for quality roads.