سعید محمدی

Scorpion and snake envenomation is reported as the leading cause of fatalities due to venomous creatures worldwide, influenced by factors such as lifestyle, socioeconomic status, climatic conditions, native scorpion species, distribution of venomous snakes, and their prey. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological features of snakebites and scorpion stings in the Sistan region.

This descriptive study reviewed patient records of snakebite and scorpion sting cases presenting to Amir Al-Momenin Hospital in Zabol from 2016 to 2023. Data collection was census-based, using a structured checklist, and data analysis was performed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.

A total of 2,089 cases of snakebite and 317 cases of scorpion sting were recorded among patients during 2017-2023. The most cases of snakebite and scorpion sting were related to men, rural residents, and in July. There was a statistically significant relationship between the type of bite in 2018, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2023 with (gender, place of residence, bitten areas, and month), (age and bitten areas), (gender), (gender and age), (place of residence, bitten areas, season, and month), and (gender, age, and bitten areas), respectively (p<0.05).

Given the high prevalence of snakebites and scorpion stings in rural areas during warm seasons, public awareness need to be enhanced. Additionally, providing healthcare centers with anti-venom serums is critical to reducing the frequency and consequences of these incidents.

The release of Radon gas from soil, water and building materials in closed environments exposes residents to this radioactive gas. Although humans use building materials as a protective barrier against the natural radiation of the open space, the radionuclide compounds released from some building materials cause an increase in indoor radon concentration. Therefore, measuring the amount of Radon exhalation from building materials is very important for public health.  Although Radon is the most important source of natural radiation and its high concentration level in the closed environments has a significant health risk, the main daughter nuclei of radon, 214Po and 218Po isotopes, have also a high ability to cause lung cancer in humans. Therefore, public attention and concern about the release of radon from building materials used in the indoor environments have increased recently and many efforts have been done to evaluate and control indoor radon concentrations. In this paper, the surface diffusion coefficient of radon from samples of widely used building materials was measured and calculated using the active method in the closed chamber and Sarad-RTM1689 radon meter. The results obtained for the exhalation rate of radon gas for these samples vary from the range of undetectable insignificant values up to 1.95 Bqm-2h-1. The highest surface exhalation rate was observed in granite samples, while the clay brick sample showed a rate lower than the detection threshold (0.05 Bq m-2h-1). From our results it can be suggested to choose more suitable building materials for a safer indoor environment.

Understanding species distribution patterns in habitat, explaining distribution ranges, identifying environmental variables affecting distribution, and recognizing suitable habitats are key aspects of species ecology. This study aims to predict the distribution potential of the genus Androctonus in Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran, specifically Androctonus crassicauda and A. sistanus, using the Maxent. The results indicated that both species are more prevalent in the northern of the province, and this pattern is expected to persist in the future. Current distribution model for A. crassicauda highlighted the importance of variables such as mean temperature in Bio8, precipitation in the coldest month of the year (Bio19), and vegetation cover. For future distribution projections (2070), the variables Bio8, vegetation cover, and Bio7 were influential. The current distribution of A. sistanus is influenced by variables such as Bio7, Bio19, Bio18, and vegetation cover. The most significant variables for the future distribution range (2070) of A. sistanus include Bio19, Bio7, Bio18, and land use. These findings can be utilized in public health and education programs to increase awareness and improve personal protection for residents of these areas to prevent and reduce scorpion stings, as well as in conservation programs for these valuable components of Iran’s biodiversity.

Many studies have shown that during earthquakes (EQs), the fracturing of piezoelectric rocks like granite causes atomic/ nuclear particles' radiation into the Earth’s crust. With the help of an MCNPX simulation code, we have already studied the amount and energies of created atomic/ nuclear particles and the possible interactions for under-stressed piezoelectric blocks. In this research, applying the PACE4 code, we simulated the interactions between the created neutrons from under-stressed piezoelectric rocks and the elements of granite plus the elements of fractures’ filling fluids like water, air, methane, and CO2, to study the mechanism of such reactions and find which new elements might be produced. The results indicate that compound nuclear reactions like fusion/ fission/ inelastic scattering can happen, resulting in the release of energy from the depths of the Earth in the aseismic regions. Furthermore, compound nuclear interactions from the piezoelectric effect can generate carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), and Nitrogen (N) in the granitic rocks’ medium or inside the fracture-filling fluids and trigger the life chain and/or the hydrocarbon chain (oil and gas), inside the Earth’s crust of the aseismic regions. It can also result in the production of CO2 gas. Moreover, in this process, some new elements like Al, Mg, etc., might also be produced in the texture of granitic rocks. In addition, we have found that the increasing amount of nuclear particles and radioactive elements on the surface could be a sign of an incoming earthquake.  Besides, neutron capturing might happen between neutrons and the hydrogen nuclei of the underground water, causing the production of deuterium. As a result, an increase in the amount of stable deuterium in the water around the aseismic regions can be a precursor of earthquakes.

Decision-making regarding the claims made, leading to a judicial or quasi-judicial process within a reasonable timeframe, while adhering to the principles of a fair trial, is a guarantee of justice. To ensure justice by making timely decisions on claims that lead to judicial or quasi-judicial proceedings, while adhering to the principles of a fair trial.

This research is descriptive and analytical. To gather data, this research employed library and documentary methods, as well as interviews, to gather information. By consulting various sources, legal principles, and regulations, an attempt was made to answer the question of what factors contribute to the prolongation of proceedings in administrative disciplinary cases handled by quasi-judicial bodies. In this context, and regarding the how and why of the issue, after a conceptual explanation, a legislative history of administrative disciplinary proceedings and the current structure overseeing these proceedings, factors such as weaknesses in the clarity of the specific elements of offenses in the law on administrative offenses, ambiguities in the intensification of penalties, ambiguity in applying discounts commensurate with the job position, the legal incompatibility of offenses and penalties, the law's inadequacy in the defendant's defense rights, difficulties in determining higher and lower authorities, difficulties in the jurisdiction and hierarchical supervision of higher and lower authorities, the lack of clarity in the scope of law enforcement in terms of place and time, ambiguity in the initiation of proceedings and urgency, the insufficiency of determining legal deadlines, ambiguity in the signing of documents, the insufficiency of the criteria for using experts, weaknesses in the regulations for notification and oversight, the necessity of providing limitations on the non-interference of influential individuals, etc., in delaying proceedings in the committees have been identified. In this research, through a case study, the performance of the secretariat of the anti-narcotics headquarters was examined by studying closed and ongoing cases in the administrative disciplinary committee of this authority and obtaining opinions from relevant stakeholders.

The findings showed that factors such as legislative defects, human resources, weaknesses in the use of expertise in the proceedings, etc. cause prolongation.

Based on the research findings, measures such as the need for mandatory training for members, the development of suitable rules of procedure, the training of employees, and the use of lawyers and legal advisors can minimize prolongation.

With the shortage of freshwater resources, the use of other available sources such as seas and oceans has increased, and new technologies in the field of desalination and treatment of saline waters have gained attention. The territorial waters of the Oman Sea and the Persian Gulf have created strong potential for the establishment of desalination plants for various uses in Iran. The sustainable development of desalination units requires adherence to environmental standards to prevent the increase of pollutants in the effluent. The Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) Method is a way to organize, analyze, and present the results of a comprehensive environmental assessment. The present study aimed to identify the positive and negative effects resulting from the operation of the Chabahar desalination plant during the operational phase on four environmental components (biological-ecological, physical-chemical, economic-operational, and social-cultural). After identifying the various phases of the project through library studies and gathering information from different sources, the components and elements of the environment in the affected area were examined and identified, categorized into four physical-chemical, biological-ecological, social-cultural, and economic-operational environments. Then, the effects of the Chabahar desalination plant's activities were assessed using RIAM during the operational phase. To this end, after identifying the various phases of this industrial unit, four components were identified and examined. The use of these four categories can serve as a suitable tool for environmental impact assessment studies, as it seems that each category can have subcategories for identifying environmental components, allowing for a more detailed and better analysis of the project's effects on different sectors. After the environmental components affected by the available options have been scored, the final score obtained indicates the environmental status of the project's activities. The results showed that the most destructive consequences, with a score of -108, were related to the physical-chemical environment, while the most positive effects, with a score of +84, were in the social-cultural environment. In the physical-chemical environment section, this project has significant negative impacts on the region's environment. Given the project's proximity to the Sea of Oman and coral islands that host unique species and valuable ecosystem services, it is necessary to evaluate strategies to eliminate the negative effects resulting from changes in water quality and to minimize them. In the biological-ecological section, the most significant negative effects are on the fauna. The Chabahar desalination plant, in its operational phase, has 11 positive effects and 9 negative effects. Considering that this complex is a significant source of drinking water for the region and has meaningful positive impacts in the economic and social sectors, the continuation of its activities is permissible as long as environmental protection measures are observed.    It is necessary to reduce the intensity of their effects by implementing corrective actions and monitoring environmental parameters at the wastewater disposal site, as well as continuously measuring the output pollutants in the surrounding environment and comparing them with national and international standards. The positive effects, due to being categorized as having very little change or positive effect, little change or positive effect, and change or positive effect, indicate the preference for carrying out the project over not doing it.

Performing a mental exertion before and during an exercise increase fatigue indices. One of the important factors in inducing fatigue indices is the type of mental effort engaged. So, the purpose of the present study is comparing the effects of performing types of mental exertion during cycling exercise on fatigue indicators.

10 cyclist men (with average age 34.5 ± 4.5 kg, height 177 ± 4.5cm, peak power output 236 ± 36 W) invited for 5 different sessions. In the first session, anthropometric characteristics and of cycling peak power output have determined. In the next four sessions, cycling for 45-min at 65% PPO on the cycle ergometer with (Stroop, AX-CPT and PVT) or without (watching a movie) mental exertion. Rate of perceived exertion and heart rate were recorded while cycling every 10 min and cortisol concentration was measured before and 30 min after exercise finished. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to analyzing data.

Performing 45 minutes of Stroop mental exertion during cycling exercise increased effort perception, mental demand in the NASA questionnaire, and cortisol concentration compared to cycling exercise alone (P˂0/05) but there is no differences between AX-CPT and PVT to cycling exercise alone .

The results of present study showed that performing different mental effort simultaneously with the cycling exercise depending on the amount of challenge and their duration may affect some of the fatigue indices.

The present study seeks to explore the concept of statehood in the intellectual tradition of policy-writing of the middle period of Iran; to answer the question of what characteristics the components of the model of policy-writing in terms of statehood, in the written works of this period, in view of the weakening of the Islamic caliphate and the formation of semi-independent monarchies include and how it is related to the thought of the state in Iran. After explaining the four components of "the unity of religion and politics", "Kingdom and monarchy", "just observance and interaction" and "maintaining power and denying opponents", these indicators were examined using the "adaptive method" among the works (Sier ul Mulook, Alnasaeh and Nasaeh ul Mulook). The findings of the study indicate that the Khwaja sought to Farrah-izadi culture and religious legitimacy for the king, Onsorolmaali replaced the earthly kingdom with religious legitimacy, and Ghazali is a middle ground in the form of the theory The shadow of God. All three thinkers have centered their idea around the king, but the creation of a wide court is specific to the Khwaja, and the Onsorolmaali and the Ghazali are placed in the next places respectively. In order to "observe and interact fairly", Onsorolmaali and Ghazali have referred to the control of the subjects and the army through the systems of taking tribute and issuing orders, but Khwaja has paid less attention to the issue of justice than others. Respectively, Khwaja, Onsorolmaali and Ghazali sought "expansion", "acquisition" and "preservation" of power in their works. finally, it can be concluded that the processes governing the formation of the government in Iran show that the government was an establishment and in the continuation of the policy texts, it reflects the experience of the Iranian government to respond to the requirements of new political systems in "practical politics".

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to the alteration in hygienic conditions. Direct transmission of the respiratory droplet during speaking and coughing and reaching the droplet to the mucosa is the most common way of transmitting COVID-19. Also, hand contact with contaminated surfaces can lead to indirect transmission of the virus between individuals. Therefore, the cleanliness of the environment and the professional training of health workers are very effective in preventing the transmission of COVID-19.One of the concerns in blood transfusion centers is that blood donors may have had contact with the coronavirus during donation and subsequently become infected. One of the reasons for a 40 to 67 percent decrease in donations in the early days of the pandemic was the fear and anxiety of donors about contracting the virus at donation centers and travel restrictions. In one province in China (Jiangxi Province), due to the pandemic, the number of blood donors decreased by 67 percent, and surveys showed that about 10 percent of donors were concerned about contracting the disease during donation sessions. This issue was immediately anticipated by blood transfusion centers, and many of them provided spaces to ensure a minimum distance of 6 feet between individuals and to protect the staff. Additionally, cleaning and disinfection of blood donation centers were carried out with greater care.The main challenge for blood centers is ensuring the safety of blood donors and providing an adequate blood supply. In the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), since the beginning of the outbreak COVID-19, a station for measuring body temperature and mask distribution was established in blood collection centers to protect blood donors. Disinfecting materials were provided and distancing was set up between the chairs of the reception area and blood collection beds. In fact, the improvement of hygienic conditions in the blood donation departments as the first step of blood collection is critical to increase the safety of the blood donors and blood supply. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of monitoring the performance of blood donation centers during the outbreak of COVID-19. There are three types of blood donors:  a first-time donor is a person who donated blood for the first time; a repeated donor is a person who has donated blood in the past, but not in the preceding 12 months and a regular donor is a person who has donated twice or more during one year. Regular blood donors were selected because of their sufficient knowledge of the blood donation process. These donors can compare hygienic conditions in the blood donation centers before and after the pandemic. This method is considered as a novel assessment tool.

Data were collected in December 2020. Regular blood donors were selected in 31 provinces of Iran. One blood donation center from each province and three blood donation centers from Tehran province have been evaluated by Regular blood donors of the same province. A questionnaire containing 10 questions was presented to evaluate the performance of blood transfusion centers to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. The comparison and evaluation of the questionnaires were done by assigning an Information Coefficient (IC) score to each question. The study was approved by the High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine: IR.TMI. REC.1399.018. Frequencies and percent of descriptive data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Data with normal distribution was analyzed by parametric tests and data with abnormal distribution were analyzed by nonparametric tests. A p value of less than 0.05 indicates that a difference is significant. All Statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS software (version 22).

Analysis of the Questionnaires obtained from 31 centers revealed that 6 questions received >80% positive responses that among this "sanitation in blood centers" and "staff encounters behavior" had the maximum satisfaction percent (%100 and 97% respectively). On the other hand, four questions received <80% positive response and “mask distribution among blood donors” had the minimum satisfaction percent (45%). Monitoring the performance in blood centers by regular blood donors in 31 provinces of Iran showed that 17 centers (58.1%) received IC scores >10(Strong performance), 8 centers (22.6%) received the range of IC scores between7-10(acceptable performance), and 6 centers (19.4%) received IC scores <7(poor performance). The difference in IC scores between provinces was not statistically significant.

The result of this study showed that the evaluation of blood donation centers through regular blood donors can play an important role in the improvement of services provided to blood donors, and it indirectly affects the quality and health of blood. Also, detailed analysis of questioners in each province can lead to troubleshooting and effective corrective actions.In the present study, the results showed that 7 provinces received a range of scores between 7-10 which was acceptable scores. These results provide valuable information on the identification of poorly performing provinces, which leads to greater focus and closer monitoring of these areas (six provinces with scores less than 7).  The results also showed that there was a high percentage of dissatisfaction with “the stand”, “sitting space”, and “overcrowding” questions. It is necessary to mention that in many blood transfusion centers, it is not possible to change the infrastructure and this issue leads to limited space to place the posters and sitting. It seems that the crowd management with blood donation staff and the transfer of donors to the outdoor space leads to effective space management and reduces the possibility of disease transmission.In the present study, the results showed that in 31 provinces of the country, 34 individuals (more than 100 percent) participated actively in the evaluation program of blood transfusion centers. By organizing these individuals, it is possible to utilize them as helpers for blood transfusion services in similar crises and subsequent ones.Our study is limited, by the small sample size and lack of previous research studies on the topic. However, this research can provide an effective guide to the use of blood donors for Monitoring the performance of blood donation centers, especially in critical situations..

Water diplomacy as a concept in the field of diplomacy and water policy studies has been of great interest. This attention can be justified due to the importance of hydropolitical changes, the need to use new types of diplomacy, and the increasing scarcity of water resources. In this research, we have endeavored, focusing on official and unofficial paths of water diplomacy and a review of library resources, to answer the question of what role water diplomacy processes play in understanding the actions of Iran and Afghanistan in the shared Helmand River basin and how they may lead to conflict resolution and facilitation of water cooperation. The findings indicate that, given the tensions and mutual actions, water diplomacy has the potential to support conflict resolution processes, and with formal and informal arrangements such as direct negotiations and an emphasis on cultural and economic dimensions, water cooperation can be made possible. Therefore, water diplomacy, as a forward-looking approach in foreign policy and diplomacy, can play an effective role in managing shared water resources and resolving water resource-related conflicts within the framework of general system policies.

Habitat destruction is one of the main threats to biodiversity and species. Decomposition of the habitat and decrease of local populations to small habitats cause an increase in inbreeding, a decrease in genetic diversity, an increase in demographic events, and as a consequence, an increase in the risk of extinction. The Goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) with a vulnerable protection status is one of the key species of Iran's plain habitats, which is distributed in most regions of the country. But due to reasons such as indiscriminate hunting and habitat land use change, its population has decreased drastically and it needs stronger protection in the network of protected areas of Iran. Gazella subgutturosa is in the mammals' class, the order of Artiodactyla, the family of the Bovidae. In this study, the distribution of this species in the Kalmand Bahadran protected area of yazd has been investigated using the MaxEnt.

Data presence points of the species were collected through field studies and direct observations, footprints and resting places for the species in the Kalmand Bahadran protected area during the four seasons of 2022 recorded and using GPS was registered. In this study, the variables of slope, aspect, dem, distance from the water sources, distance from the road, distance from the village, distance from the watering place and vegetation were used to model the habitat suitability. Modeling was done using MaxEnt model in MaxEnt software and finally, the species distribution map was obtained. To investigate the spatial distribution of the study species in the region, a total of 41 presence points were used.

The results of the maximum entropy model showed that the greatest distribution potential in the central and northwestern regions of study area. Also, the results showed that the model has a high ability to predict the presence of Gazella subgutturosa in the study area and has a significant difference with the random model at all thresholds (AUC=0.812; P<0.0001). The results of the sensitivity analysis using the jackknife method showed that the variables of dem, distance from the water sources, and aspect. are of higher priority for the species in this area.

Due to successive droughts, the number of deer breeding in Kalmand Bahadran protected area has decreased. Another factor in the decrease of its population is the road accidents, which are caused by the passing of Tehran-Bandar Abbas transit road and rural roads in the region. The presence of free-ranging dogs on the outskirts of villages, illegal hunters, being preyed upon by carnivorous and Felidae and birds of prey such as wolves, caracal and eagles are other factors that decrease the population in the study area. But since the Kalmand area of Bahadran is relatively a good habitat for this species and support a relatively high number of species population. In general, by considering the areas used by Goitered gazelle and the areas identified in the suitable model, it can be concluded that the extent of the optimal habitat for the species in the Kalmand Bahadran protected area is more than what is currently used. Correct management and planning of the suitable habitats in this area can protect more than the maximum number of Goitered gazelles that existed in this area until today and improve the level of necessary habitat in the area. The results of this study can be used in the implementation of protection and management procedures to increase appropriate habitats in Yazd province.

Helicobacter pylori found in the gastric mucosa of more than 50% of the human popula-tion, and the risk of stomach cancer increases in infected individuals.

In this retrospective study, the target population was patients admitted to Namazi Hospital in Shiraz during 2009-2018. For this purpose, 3099 records of patients were analyzed with regard to history of endoscopy, age, gender, chief complaint, reason for referral, initial clinical diag-nosis, pathology result, and presence of Helicobacter pylori. 

Among all the examined individuals, 776 (69.1%) of women and 1197 (60.9%) of men were in-fected with Helicobacter pylori. The most and the least affected individuals fell in the age group 59-36 years with 899 (0.29%) and 19-35 years with 573 (18.5%), respectively. Of the participants, 1380 (69.9%) had a history of endoscopy. The most common causes for patient's chief complaint or the reason for go-ing to the hospital or referring for hospitalization were burping (11.1%), vomiting (9.8%), hematemesis (9.8%), heartburn (9.7%) and dysphagia (9.6%). In terms of the initial clinical diagnosis, the most causes pertained to chronic gastritis (21.6%), atrophic gastritis (18.7%), gastric ulcer (16.8%) and intractable vomiting (14.0%).

The results of this study showed that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori has decreased in recent years and that being infected is related to gender and age.

The current article is looking for the basic question, what is the relationship between the "concept of Islamic resistance" and the fifth decade of the Islamic revolution, considering the contemporary developments in West Asia and North Africa? In other words, are the developments at two levels synergistic and converging, or can the developments be analyzed in another format.(question) The current research is a qualitative study type and the research method is the future research-scenario method. The collection of information in this article has been done by using documentary and library sources including books, articles and internet data.(method)According to the results obtained from the research findings, the relationship between the idea of Islamic resistance and the developments of the fifth decade of the Islamic Revolution can be formulated as follows: First, the transition from the approach of the linear impact of the Islamic Revolution on the idea of resistance and the emergence of mutual and non-linear relationships. two discourses on each other, secondly, creating relative stability in relations instead of previous unstable ups and downs, thirdly, transitioning from previous simple relations and entering a kind of complexity in the level and depth of communication between the two discourses and fourthly, aligning formal and informal diplomacy to Achieving specific goals in both discourses. It seems that the Islamic revolution in the fifth decade, due to the fact that the ideal of the Islamic revolution is a divine and human-building ideal and in fact global, will be in a serious confrontation with the modern western civilization in the trans-regional arena, in a way that Strengthening the resistance front in the West Asia region, the foundations for the extension of this axis in the world arena will be provided under the two indicators of "revival of human identity through the negation of the domination system" and "waiting for the emergence of a savior (perfect human being)".(findings)

Sickle Cell Disease is the second most common hemoglobinopathy after thalassemia and is characterized by vascular occlusion and hemolytic anemia. Blood transfusion is considered as a supportive treatment for patients with sickle cell disease. The alloimmunization of red blood cells is a major challenge in these patients. Accordingly, supplying the appropriate antigennegative blood units is a major problem in blood transfusion. The aim of this study was to= evaluate the alloimmunization rates among individuals with Sickle Cell Disease in Khuzestan province.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 184 patients with sickle cell anemia and sickle-thalassemia were referred to the Shahid Beqaei hospital in Ahvaz. 5-10 mL of peripheral blood containing the anticoagulant EDTA was collected by non-random sampling procedure. The prevalence of phenotypes and the rate of alloimmunization were determined by the hemagglutination technique.

The prevalence of alloimmunization in this population was 13.0%. In 24 patients, twelve types of alloantibodies were detected. The most common alloantibodies were Anti-E (33.3%, n = 8), Anti-c (20.8%, n = 5), Anti-D (16.6%, n = 4), and Anti- Kell (16.6%, n 4).

Antibody against Rh blood group system and anti-Kell were the most prevalent alloantibodies among sickle cell anemia patients in the province of Khuzestan. Therefore, it is highly recommended to transfuse these individuals with blood units compatible with the Rh (D, C, c, and E) and Kell antigens.

This article examines the relationship between general and specific human capital and their impacts on international performance, with the mediating role of opportunity beliefs and cultural intelligence. This study assumes that opportunity beliefs are an important factor in promoting international new ventures, and evaluates the concepts related to the qualitative characteristics of employees as human capital in the form of general and specific human capital, as well as considering the level of cultural intelligence of employees in firms.

Using 144 samples from international firms and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the research hypotheses were investigated.

It was found that the mediating relationship of cultural intelligence as well as opportunity beliefs between human capital and international performance were confirmed. Therefore, international firms should focus on their human capital and clarify and enhance the cultural intelligence of employees. This is because this study showed that human capital has a positive effect on cultural intelligence, and investigating other mechanisms that measure the role of cultural intelligence can be considered in future research.

For the first time, this study focuses on the relationship between general human capital, specific human capital, cultural intelligence, opportunity beliefs, and international performance. The results indicate that the skills, abilities, attitudes, and beliefs of employees are critical factors in their success in diverse cultural environments. The positive correlation between human capital and opportunity beliefs emphasizes the importance of investing in employee skills and training to increase their readiness to pursue global market opportunities. Additionally, the relationship between cultural intelligence and opportunity beliefs shows that cultural intelligence can play a significant interactive role in employees' preparedness to pursue global opportunities. Future research should further investigate these findings and examine the role of other intermediaries in behavioral domains.

In this study, structural studies, photoluminescence and thermoluminssence properties of CaZrO3 nanoparticles added with Ce3+ ion at different concentrations (x = 0.1-0.6 mol%) were investigated. Structural analysis of the samples was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The XRD pattern indicated the formation of a perovskite structure at 700 °C. The thermoluminssence (TL) properties of CaZrO3:xCe3+ nanophosphors were investigated at room temperature under X-ray at different times. Maximum TL intensity was obtained for Ca0.998Ce0.002ZrO3 samples. The sample of Ca0.998Ce0.002ZrO3 was exposed to X-ray at different time intervals from one to 15 minutes. As the irradiation time increases, the number of charge carrier increases, which results in an increase in the intensity of TL. Linearity, reproducibility and fading were also investigated for this sample, which is suitable for TL dosimetry due to its significant stability, low fading and linearity of the TL response. Study of photoluminescence (PL) behavior at room temperature showed when the phosphors were excited by light with a wavelength of 253 nm, three emission peaks at 404, 425 and 488 nm were obtained, respectively. By increasing Ce concentration, the emission peaks in PL spectra slightly shift from violet region to blue region.

The purpose of the research is to investigate and explain the effect of marketing mix on the tourism development of Kangan city. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-survey based on its nature and method. The statistical population of the research has been reported as an unlimited number of customers in a period of 6 months, and 384 of the customers were selected as a statistical sample and participated in the research using Morgan's table. The tool for collecting information is a standard questionnaire whose content validity was confirmed using the opinion of relevant experts. Cronbach's alpha was used to calculate the reliability, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire is equal to 0٫924, which is more than 0٫7, and therefore the high reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed. The test of research hypotheses has been evaluated using SPSS21 software. And the results have shown that the price has an effect on the tourism development of Kangan city. The product has an effect on the tourism development of Kangan city. Distribution has an effect on the tourism development of Kangan city. The promotion has an effect on the tourism development of Kangan city.

Back-bending phenomenon which occurs at high spin states of some heavy mass nuclei has been studied, for the first time, by using the ratio of electromagnetic reduced transition probabilities B(M1) / B(E2) within the Projected Shell Model (PSM). In this model, all angular momenta are projected on the symmetry axis of the deformed nucleus, which makes shell model calculations much easier. The electric quadrupole transition probability  B(E2) and the magnetic dipole transition probability B(M1) are sensitive to the nuclear shape deformation and nuclear charge distribution, respectively. As a result, any change in the nuclear rotation speed can change the transition probability ratios at high spins. Our ratio findings at high state spins in even - even 152-164Dy isotopes confirm the previous back-bendings seen in these isotopes, in good agreement wth the experimental data. Increasing spectroscopic quadrupole moments with spin is another high spin phenomenon in heavy mass nuclei studied in this paper. While intrinsic quadrupole moments are constant for each Dy isotope, this study shows that spectroscopic (observed) quadrupole moments are increasing with spin.

Computational social science is an emerging interdisciplinary approach to the study of social systems. Here we examine why testing the behavior of individuals and groups in social systems from an algorithmic point of view provides new and surprising analytical opportunities for the intelligence society and for the improvement of intelligence analysis methods. By using artificial communities, which are generally called factor-based models, intelligence analysts can improve their intelligence evaluations through the benefits of scientific principles of computer computing. The findings of the research show that factor-based modeling has been significantly used in the security- intelligence literature in such a way that the modeling of socialunrest, crisis, intelligence deception, and war are getting richer day by day

Considering increasing importance of institutional management, so far no suitable tool has been presented for assessing the institutional nature of the organization by considering all the criteria and internal and external dependencies of the organization. . In addition to having a high value dimension, the institutional organization maintains its adaptability and flexibility in all situations and is constantly growing and excelling. In the most real world problems, there are different types of interdependencies between the elements in the problem, including interdependencies between decision criteria. Utilizing the gray theory, qualitative and uncertain information of experts is also included in this research. In this paper, the magnitude of organizational institutionalism is evaluated according to the related criteria and based on gray theory and Mackenzie's theory. This method is implemented in a real-case study. The organization under study is almost in a good position compared to the desired institutional status and is approximately 30% away from the desired institutional status.

This article uses analytical-descriptive method and secondary data from; The World Bank, the Ministry of Energy, the Department of Jihad for Agriculture, the US Information System, the BP Statistical Report, and the Energy Balance has examined the state of Iran's environment using Ulrich Beck's "Society in Danger" theory. The subject of the environment is a complex system influenced by many variables that are unpredictable at different times and places. The unpredictability and complexity of environmental issues become even more important when linked to interests, security, power and politics. Thus, the technical solution in policy-making cannot reduce the risk posed by the environment to society, as Ulrich Beck's theory shows that the environment is a social and political issue whose social dimensions are of great importance. Thus, the research findings in response to the question of what is the level of risk in Iran's environment and what effect does it have on government efficiency? It shows well that Iran's environment is complex, multidimensional and high risk. In this way, the environment is closely related to politics in general and to the efficiency of the government in particular, and the lack of active governance in this area can affect the efficiency of the government.

 Pain is frequently reported as an unpleasant feeling during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Using local anaesthetics is one of the common ways to reduce pain. The present study was conducted to determine and compare the effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) with a combined anaesthetic ointment of lidocaine and prilocaine on pain level.

 This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 240 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients at Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, in 2020. These patients required three procedures including arterial-venous blood sampling and intravenous catheter placement. In each clinical procedure, 80 patients were divided into groups receiving electrical stimulation and anaesthetic ointment in the needle or catheter insertion area. The pain level assessment was done by the visual analogue scale and after the procedures and in 1st, 3rd, and 5th minutes. The time and attempt frequency were also recorded. Independent t-test and two-way repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analysis.

 The pain level in venous and arterial sampling and catheter placement was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The attempt frequency was not statistically significant across different procedures (p>0.05), but the time to perform the procedures was significantly higher in the stimulation group (p<0.05).

 Electrical stimulation can reduce local pain caused by the insertion of a needle or catheter, similar to anaesthetic ointment. Therefore, it is proposed that this method be further investigated in non-pharmacological pain reduction guidelines.

In this paper self-dose of lungs were calculated by Monte Carlo and point source kernel methods for different photon energies. Then, factors influencing on dose and in different energies were evaluated. The results showed that the dose of lungs is dependent on an attenuation coefficient setting (μ), the interaction of photons with tissue, the shape of lungs and adjacent organs of it.