سعید کامیابی

The issue of meaning is one of the discussed components in phenomenology in architecture. Understanding the meaning of the architectural work in the contemporary period compared to the past is something that can be studied. There is a gap in research studies related to the understanding of meaning in the architecture of historical and contemporary buildings in Semnan city. Therefore, it seems necessary to carry out this research to investigate the effect of architecture on users. This is possible through understanding how architecture and the users communicate and understand architecture and the issue of identity. The purpose of this research is to study six historical and contemporary buildings in Semnan city, focusing on the component of meaning in architecture. The study of meaning using the definition of related components and the case study of the architecture of Semnan city has been developed in line with this goal. Based on the four components of identity, acclimation, memory and utility, which were taken from the opinions of Schultz and other phenomenologists in the theoretical foundations of the research, three historical buildings and three contemporary buildings were analyzed. Archival and field methods were used to collect data, and the opinions of phenomenological philosophers, especially Christian Norberg-Schultz, and related literature were examined. After determining the concepts, components and buildings, the Delphi method was used, and experts' opinions have been collected through interviews and questionnaires. After validity assessment, information was collected through a questionnaire, and finally, the results were compared and analyzed using the methods of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, and the findings were presented in the form of graphs and tables. In the statistics obtained from the citizens of historical buildings, more than three contemporary buildings have three components of acclimation, memory, and identity, only the amount of utility component in historical and contemporary buildings is more or less the same. According to the experts, contemporary buildings have a lesser amount in the three components of acclimation, memory and identity, and more in the utility component than historical buildings.

Security is one of the fundamental needs of humans, and due to population growth and increasing complexity, today's cities face more challenges in achieving security. The overall aim of this study was to explore the relationship between smart city drivers and sustainable urban security in the city of Semnan.

This research employed a descriptive correlational method to investigate the relationships between smart city dimensions and urban security in 2024 in Semnan. Data were collected through a questionnaire from 384 participants. For analysis, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and one-sample T-test were used. The results revealed that the dimensions of citizens, smart environment, and smart mobility had the most positive impact on urban security, while the dimensions of smart governance and smart dynamics need strengthening.

The findings indicate that the various dimensions of the smart city have different impacts on urban security in Semnan. "Citizens," "smart environment," and "smart mobility" have the most positive impact on urban security and should be strengthened in policy-making. On the other hand, "smart governance" and "smart dynamics" need revision and improvement. The results also show that 58% of the variance in urban security is explained by the dimensions of the smart city, indicating a strong relationship between these dimensions and urban security. Additionally, the urban security status in Semnan was found to be below expectations, and this difference is statistically significant.

The results of this study indicate that the various dimensions of a smart city, especially "citizens," "smart environment," and "smart mobility," have a significant impact on urban security, while the dimensions of "smart governance" and "smart dynamics" require strengthening and improvement to enhance urban security.

The rapid growth of urban populations worldwide, especially in developing countries, poses a significant challenge for governments and planning organizations. In recent decades, among various urban growth patterns, the pattern of sprawling growth has become the dominant spatial development trend in many countries. This study aims to diagnose the pathological sprawl and horizontal expansion of the Ahvaz metropolis. This research is applied and uses an analytical-descriptive method. The data collection method in this research is library-documentary and survey-based. The COCOSO multi-criteria decision-making technique was used to analyze the data. The results obtained from the COCOSO method showed that districts 1 and 8 of Ahvaz city, with the abbreviation B and a final weight of 0.942 in the COCOSO test, have the most favorable conditions. Districts 2 and 6 of Ahvaz city, with the abbreviation D and a final weight of 0.491, have the least favorable conditions and the least impact among other areas compared to the study components. In conclusion, considering the negative consequences of sprawl and to achieve sustainable development and a sustainable urban form, a compact growth pattern is proposed as the future development pattern of the city.

In a new approach to the city, the creative city has been proposed as a strategic method in the field of thinking, planning and implementing urban plans. Due to the profound changes that are taking place in the urban environment, urban creativity is a vital factor in solving many of the city's problems. In this regard, the purpose of the present study; recognizing the set of effective factors in creativity (competitive advantages and existing capacities) in order to achieve urban branding in Damghan. The approach governing the research space is qualitative and the type of research is applied and in terms of implementation is survey type (observation and interview). The statistical population of the present study includes (all senior managers of the municipality, faculty members of the Department of Geography, Art and Urban Planning, city councils and people with experience in the field of urban management) who were selected using the Delphi method 17 people as a sample size. For data analysis, the method of Grand Theory (Foundation Data Theory) has been used. From the results of interviews with experts to examine the existing capacities and competitive advantages using the grounded theory method, 42 concepts and 7 categories (Imagery, strategic and comprehensive document and planning, identifying the value of competitive advantages and existing capacities, infrastructure development, innovation, urban regeneration, integrated urban management) were extracted.From the results of interviews with experts to examine the existing capacities and competitive advantages using the grounded theory method, 42 concepts and 7 categories (Imagery, strategic and comprehensive document and planning, identifying the value of competitive advantages and existing capacities, infrastructure development, innovation, urban regeneration, integrated urban management) were extracted.

Resilience has been defined as "a process of ability, or the result of successful adaptation despite threatening conditions", which plays an important role in dealing with the stresses and threats of life and its adverse effects. Also, resilient cities are vulnerable to events. mitigate extremes and respond creatively to environmental, economic and social changes in order to increase their long-term sustainability. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to predict the resilience of Qaemshahr city against natural hazards. The method used in this research is to use GIS software in order to determine points with more resilience and use genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm intelligence (PSO) methods and their programming in MATLAB environment, in order to Using it, the most important components of the city's resilience and the effective strategies to strengthen resilience will be determined. The present research was conducted in two stages, in the first stage, first, using the AHP model, the degree of resilience of urban areas against the 3 hazards of floods and earthquakes. and the landslide was determined and after that the final risk map (resilience level) was prepared by combining all the mentioned components. In the second stage, in order to determine the most important components of the city's resilience, this time 32 indicators of the resilience components were compiled based on 4 criteria (physical-spatial, economic, social, institutional) and analyzed using the genetic algorithm method. Finally, 3 points of the city (Shahid Watani Stadium, Telar Park, Siraj Park) were selected and prioritized as areas with more resilience. Then, in order to confirm and compare the research findings, the PSO method was used by the genetic algorithm (GA). As a result, it can be said that there is a significant difference in terms of resilience among the city's regions, that the increase in the resilience of Qaimshahr city The first stage requires strengthening and modifying the structures of the natural environment and then maintaining the safe environment.

Sustainable smart city as the result of two concepts of smart city and sustainable urban development is the dominant approach in urban management of the third millennium. Considering the importance of the subject, in this article, an effort has been made to provide a model for a smart city based on the concept of sustainable urban development in the country. This research is based on interpretative paradigm. Also, in terms of the purpose of this research, it is an applied-developmental research, and from the point of view of the method of data collection, it is a descriptive research with survey-cross-sectional method. The statistical population of the research includes academic experts as well as executive managers of urban management and planning, urban geography, communication and information technology. Sampling was done by targeted method and theoretical saturation was achieved with 10 people. The underlying categories of the sustainable smart city model were identified by the qualitative analysis method, and the relationships between the underlying categories of the sustainable smart city model were determined by the structural-interpretive method. Qualitative analysis of the theme was done using MaxQuda 20 software and structural-interpretive modeling calculations were done with Mic Mac software. The findings of the research showed that smart urban infrastructure and smart governance are the two basic elements of the model that have the greatest impact in creating a smart city based on sustainable development. In the same way, the amount of influence on the next levels is reduced and the variables of the same level, that is, have mutual interaction with each other. These factors contribute to the smart economy and smart environment by influencing the smartness of transportation and smart business based on technology. In the future, sustainable urban development can be achieved through smart structures and smart people, and finally, this sustainable urban development can lead to the smartening of the city.

The physical development of worn-out urban tissues and their regeneration in a way, according to their requirements and nature, in the face of inefficient urban tissues, requires a gradual and processual approach and avoiding temporary and temporary measures. Examining the frameworks related to urban management shows that the use of collaborative planning techniques to change the role of governments and the use of local governance processes to coordinate with regional systems and at the same time the development of local capacities leads to the realization of urban development and regeneration becomes effective and comprehensive. The research is of applied type and the study method is survey-analytical. In this research, after collecting data through questionnaires, analyzing the data using SPSS statistical software and modeling structural equations with Amos software, the proper fit of the model has been confirmed. The results of this research showed that there is a relationship between the indicators of the state of urban governance and the indicators of improving the urban regeneration of Semnan, and in the regeneration index, environmental-physical factors, economic factors, and social and cultural factors have the greatest impact on urban regeneration and on the optimal urban governance. Participation, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, law-oriented, justice and equality, transparency, accountability, and community-oriented have had the greatest impact in order, and in general, favorable urban governance has had an impact on urban regeneration.

Clarifying resilience against threats involves comprehending how many factors such as social, economic, institutional, political, and executive capacities, as well as urban communities, contribute to enhancing resilience. It also entails defining the diverse dimensions of resilience within cities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic and social ability of the city of Ilam to withstand and recover from environmental risks.

This applied study was carried out in the city of Ilam in 2023. The investigation was conducted in two distinct phases. The initial phase was an examination of the research backdrop to identify the factors that influence the resilience of Ilam city from both economic and social viewpoints. Subsequently, a questionnaire consisting of 28 items was developed, utilizing a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was evaluated using expert opinion. The findings of the first phase were evaluated using the single-sample t-test method in SPSS 24 software. A total of 30 urban planners were deliberately chosen. For the subsequent stage, the evaluation of people' viewpoints, four specific regions within Ilam city were designated as the primary clusters. Subsequently, the principal streets and squares inside each of these regions were chosen as the building blocks for the clusters. A sample of sixty persons was chosen at random. The level of resilience in urban areas of Ilam was assessed and graded using the multi-criteria decision-making technique known as Vikor.

Area 4 exhibited the highest level of social resilience among all areas in the city of Ilam, with 75% of the remaining areas also demonstrating a relatively high level of social resilience. Out of these places, only Area 2 had a comparatively low level of social resilience. The sub-component score for damage compensation got a greater weighting than the scores of other components. Among the three areas, Area 3 shown the highest level of economic resilience. However, Area 1, which primarily consisted of rural migrants with low income, exhibited a lack of economic resilience.

Ilam exhibits a higher level of economic resilience in the face of natural threats compared to its social resilience.

Soft power, which is a new kind of power that makes other states attractive and uses influential categories such as culture, values and foreign policy to create rapturous cooperation for governments without conflicts and hostile behaviors, has long been of interest to different countries around the world. Regarding the differences between the border rivers between Iran and Afghanistan that have faced threats and restrictions from the Afghan government to Iran's historical rights, and it is anticipated that based on the reliance on hard power, tensions between the two governments will escalate to the brink of war and conflict, it is possible that by using soft power, the Afghan government will be eager to recognize Iran's share of the Hirmand rivers. Harirud Culturally, it seems that the reliance and prominence of a common Persian culture includes Persian language and literature, a variety of arts, especially poetry and music, and relying on common values such as Islamic and ideological values, preserving the dignity of the neighbor, Xenophobia, especially anti-Americanism, and a non-profit, respectful and reliable foreign policy, can be the most attractive to the eastern neighbor. Also, in the case of economic assistance, the possibility of communication with international open waters and other affairs needed by the government and people of Afghanistan, through a peaceful and appropriate diplomacy, provided the water share and rights of the Iranian people in regard to the border waters.

Good urban governance is an appropriate and recommended model by international organizations for governance in the third millennium. Therefore, having a comprehensive model of smart urban management is a big step towards the realization of good urban governance.

The purpose of this research is to determine a smart urban management model to improve good governance in the city of Shahrood.

This research is applied-developmental in its objectives and is considered a cross-sectional survey in terms of data collection methodology. The participating population in the qualitative section includes city managers of Shahroud and urban management professors. Purposeful sampling was employed, resulting in 10 theoretically saturated interviews. In the quantitative section, the perspectives of 393 citizens of Shahroud city were utilized. The data collection tools consisted of semi-structured interviews and a researcher-developed questionnaire. For the analysis of the gathered data, content analysis and partial least squares were utilized. Studied Areas: The area under study was Shahrood city. 

The geographical scope of this research is the city of Shahroud.

The research findings demonstrated that managerial factors, strategies of smart urban management, and technical elements of smart urban management influence smart urban services and transparency in urban governance. Smart urban services and transparency in urban management impact electronic citizen participation and lead to economic, environmental, and social performance. Through these established processes, the achievement of good urban governance is made possible.

In this study, an endeavor was made to theoretically integrate and present an integrated and actionable model for good governance under the umbrella of smart city management in Shahroud city. This is noteworthy as previous studies had separately addressed these concepts.

Due to the importance of the quality of life factor in the urban planning system, attention to the concept of intelligence and the expansion of its influence is brought up more and more, which has drawn the attention of many thinkers to the concept of a smart city, which results in the review and presentation of factors and indicators effective in the realization of a smart city. One of the effective factors is the emergence of startups. Therefore, the current research aims to present a smart city model using startups, which is mixed in terms of purpose, practicality and terms of data analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative phase was considered to include experts in the fields of urban planning and urban management, and 11 experts were selected using the sampling method. In the quantitative phase, the senior and middle managers of the municipalities of Tehran were selected as the statistical population and 350 people were selected as the statistical sample. To perform descriptive and inferential analyses, Spss and PLS Smart software were used. The research results led to a research model including nine comprehensive themes and twenty-one constructive themes. The analysis between these two variables with a significant number (17.809) and path coefficient (coefficient 0.945) showed that startups have a positive and relatively strong significant effect on the smart city. According to the research findings, it should be said that nowadays new organizational architectures, changing strategies and start-ups are used to realize the smart city. Because the smart city is managed based on data and the use of complex information technology systems to integrate services and urban infrastructure. The main axis of transformation and development in the smart city is information technology, startups and urban innovations in line with the implementation and realization of the smart city They have a special place.

Water is the most valuable factor of life, therefore, the lack of water resources plays an important role challenges between nations and governments. Competition for water resources will cause problems. Today, many countries are facing the problem of water shortage and are on the verge of water stress. in addition to an interdisciplinary research, the connection of political science and hydro politic science in the issue of the disputes governing the border rivers of Iran should be addressed to the solutions of the disputes related to the northeast neighbors. In the intended research with the research method and the current research according to its purpose, it is developmental-duplicative. In this research, in line with the inductive-comparative strategy, two qualitative and quantitative methods have been used, and based on the determination of possible scenarios, the importance of diplomacy in the field of water, with two neighboring countries, will be explained.

Natural hazards are a reality that has affected a significant part of the southern regions of Semnan today. Due to the fact that in some cases, it is not possible to prevent the occurrence of these natural hazards, therefore, it is very important to investigate the level of resilience against natural disasters. Waghbar) is affected by desert areas, Semnan city.The current research is applied and analytical-descriptive in purpose. Using the fuzzy model, this research seeks to evaluate the resilience of the southern residents of Semnan city against dust, in this regard, 40 questionnaires were provided to experts and specialists, the reliability of the questionnaire was determined by Cronbach's alpha, and its validity was determined by the experts in geography and Urban planning and social sciences were approved. The questions included four dimensions (physical, social, economic and institutional) which were answered by experts. Findings It indicates that: the main question of the research has been rejected at a significant level. And the maximum amount of resilience in the social, economic and organizational dimensions, the amount of resilience is significantly greater than the hypothetical average, so that the three sub-questions of the research are confirmed. they got.According to the research findings, there is no significant relationship between resilience and physical, social, economic, and institutional components. With the explanation that the lower the level of each of the components, the level of resilience also decreases, the results of analyzes and statistical tests show that the state of resilience of Shahr Semnan is not very favorable and resilience tends towards vulnerability. The resilience values of Semnan city are far from the standards.

As the most complex human-made system, the city faces a wide range of risks, including natural risks such as earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, droughts, etc. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the natural hazards of Ilam city with the approach of economic, organizational (institutional) and environmental resilience. The current research is survey and analytical in terms of collecting data and information. Also, this research is based on the purpose of applied type. The statistical population of the citizens of Ilam city is 384 people and the urban planning officials are 30 people. According to the main purpose of the research, to get quantitative research information, a questionnaire was designed based on the opinions of the elites and urban planning professors. One-sample t-test was used for data analysis in SPSS software. Considering that the urban areas of Ilam are evaluated in this research, the urban areas of Ilam are ranked using the multi-criteria decision-making model of Vicor based on the level of resilience from economic, organizational (institutional) and environmental dimensions. The results of the economic resilience survey showed that region 3 is the most resilient region of Ilam city and 50% of the regions are relatively resilient economically and have a better situation in terms of economic resilience. The results of the organizational resilience survey showed that Region 3 is the most resilient region of the city and 75% of the regions were relatively resilient in terms of organization. Among these regions, only region two has a low organizational (institutional) resilience. The results of the environmental resilience survey showed that region 3 is the most resilient region of the city and 50% of the regions were relatively resilient in terms of environment. Among these regions, only region one lacks resilience from an environmental point of view

The most important challenge of the world's municipalities in the third millennium is in the issue of earning income and providing financial resources. Although the main difference between the local governments of the world and the municipalities of Iran is related to the type of their financial resources, in the sense that in most of the world's cities, "state grants" constitute one of the major resources of the municipalities (local governments), but in Iran, the share of this source in the budget The municipality of the big cities of the country is less than 5%, and in Tehran, during the last one or two years, the share of this type of municipal income has reached zero. The aim of the current research is to present the financing model of Tehran municipality and its impact on urban sustainability. The research method of this research is qualitative and through interviews with 31 experts in the field of urban management, financing of the urban sector, and prominent university professors, using targeted sampling, up to the stage of theoretical exploration. Based on the findings of the research and analysis, according to the theme analysis, 105 basic themes, 19 organized themes and 2 consequences, urban social behavior and sustainable development of all urban elements were presented. Finally, "urban social health" and "sustainable development of all urban elements" were identified as the main outcomes and "sustainable financing". Also, the components of "Resistance Economy", "Active Urban Cycle", "Influential Stakeholders" and "Urban Viability" are effective in urban financing, but less important in urban sustainability.

Inefficient urban structures are of great importance due to specific problems and the high proportion of urban population density. The present study aims to investigate the role of the government in realizing the development and stabilization of inefficient urban structures. In order to understand the role of good urban governance in solving the problems of unstable physical-environmental and social contexts in Semnan city, indicators were calculated through documentary and library study. The required information was collected through a survey method. Data analysis was done by SPSS statistical software and structural equation model indices were analyzed by Amos software. The results of this research showed that the status of urban governance indicators and indicators of improving the urban sustainability of worn-out fabric in Semnan city are suitable, and in the optimal urban governance, the indicators of people's participation and responsibility have the greatest impact on improving the state of urban governance, and environmental-physical factors have the greatest impact. In the improvement of the sustainable development of the middle worn out fabric of Semnan city.

The development and expansion of urbanization in the twentieth century has led to the formation of different spatial organizations in urban and regional patterns. Semnan city with a strategic position in the country's communication network and proximity to the capital and industrial, mining and agricultural potentials due to changes and implementation of political divisions in the last decade and the promotion of small towns around Semnan to the city without paying attention to interconnections and demarcations performance encountered. Existence of flows of goods, manpower, and interurban and peripheral services represents a range of activities that cannot be stopped within local boundaries. This study has used the gravity method (measurement of flows and distance from the center) to determine the boundaries of Semnan urban area and its purpose is to determine the boundaries of Semnan urban area based on functional relationships. From the city center of Semnan, a radius of 20 and 50 km was hit in GIS, the city of Semnan was selected as the main city and the cities of Dargzin, Sorkheh, Shahmirzad and Mahdishahr were selected as the surrounding cities. In the flow measurement method, the amount of population displaced between the two cities and the amount of goods displaced were calculated and the final score (iT) of each city was calculated by including the relevant formulas. According to calculations, the cities of Sorkheh and Dargzin are with moderate correlation, Mahdishahr with high correlation and Shahmirzad with very high correlation with Semnan. In the method of distance from the center to determine the boundaries of Semnan urban area, a suitable distance for the maximum distance that Semnan city can affect the surrounding urban areas while maintaining the nature of its city-regions (the easiest time to reach the main city) is specified. Besides, cities that have the desired level of points are located in the urban area using this method. From the overlap of the maps obtained from the methods of measuring flows and distance from the center in GIS, Semnan urban area was determined based on statistical functional relationships and the area of Semnan urban area consisting of Semnan, Dargzin, Sorkheh, Shahmirzad and Mahdishahr cities. The total resilience level in Semnan region is equal to 3.21, lower than the average of 3.5. As it was said before, only the social and cultural dimension is resilient and in terms of other dimensions, especially the economic and institutional management dimensions, resilience is at a very low level.

Sustainable smart city as the result of two concepts of smart city and sustainable urban development is the dominant approach in urban management of the third millennium. Considering the importance of the topic in this article, an effort has been made to provide a model for a smart city based on sustainable urban development in the country. This research is based on interpretative paradigm. Also, in terms of the purpose of this research, it is an applied-developmental research, and from the point of view of the method of data collection, it is a descriptive research with survey-cross-sectional method. The statistical population of the research includes academic experts as well as executive managers of urban management and planning, urban geography, communication and information technology. Sampling was done by targeted method and theoretical saturation was achieved with 10 people. The underlying categories of the sustainable smart city model were identified by the qualitative analysis method, and the relationships between the underlying categories of the sustainable smart city model were determined by the structural-interpretive method. Thematic qualitative analysis was performed using MaxQDA 20 software and structural-interpretive modeling calculations were performed with MicMac software. The findings of the research showed that smart urban infrastructure and smart governance are the two basic elements of the model that have the greatest impact in creating a smart city based on sustainable development. In the same way, the amount of influence on the next levels is reduced and the variables of the same level, that is, have mutual interaction with each other. These factors contribute to the smart economy and smart environment by influencing the smartness of transportation and smart business based on technology. In the future, sustainable urban development can be achieved through smart structures and smart modems, and finally, this sustainable urban development can lead to the smartening of the city.It is suggested to the relevant managers to achieve the goals of the smart metropolis by creating an unbreakable link between ecology, economy and social security and reducing environmental and ecological problems. One of the important and influential factors in the formation of a smart city is increasing productivity and employment and fair distribution of services among the public. This important causes the satisfaction of the citizens. Also, citizens with awareness and satisfaction help in optimizing the consumption of electricity, water and energy. Another influential pillar in the smart city is the smartness in hospitals and healthcare in general, which prevents problems related to human health.

The aim of this research was to analyze the spatial structure of the worn-out fabric of Shahrood city using the space layout approach.

This mixed research was conducted in the spring and summer of 2022 by the method of combined analysis of space layout in Shahrood city. "Axis lines" analysis was chosen as the appropriate research method. Each of the elements of the spatial arrangement, including macro and local connection, average depth, control and the number of connections of Shahrood city were calculated. The analysis of the findings was presented graphically and the calculation of spatial indices using the Depth Map Cityengine software, 2015.

The average correlation in the radius n or comprehensive correlation of Shahrood city was 0.22±1.14 (maximum 1.73 and minimum 0.35). The average connection of Shahrood city was 1.34±6.72 (maximum 10 and minimum 1). The average depth of Shahrood city was 3.66±0.23 (maximum 4.23 and minimum 1.5). The average trust index, which is an important factor in creating movement in the city and the points of origin and destination, was 0.025±0.133 (maximum 1.4 and minimum 0.001).

The spatial structure of the worn-out fabric of Shahrood, by absorbing a high degree of interconnection, connection and selection from other spaces of the city, plays an essential role in the spatial configuration of the city, and the distribution and development of the main axes should be transferred from the center to the periphery

 The purpose of this research is to identify the components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem suitable for the growth of startups in the field of smart cities. The current research is applied in terms of the target or audience and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. To identify the key factors in the development process of startups in the field of smart city, the library method is used, that is, the review of scientific articles and texts. And the field study will be used to distribute the questionnaire in order to prioritize these factors using the best-worst method. And finally, a formula is used to calculate the inconsistency rate in order to check the validity of the relevant comparisons. The statistical population of this research is business experts and managers of knowledge-based academic companies across the country, and Cochran's limited formula was used to calculate the sample size. From the number of 215 specialists with the fuzzy Delphi method and then knowledge-based companies, which number is 138. In this study, operations research techniques were used to analyze the data. ANP and DEMATEL fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making models have been used to determine the priority of research criteria and indicators. In order to perform the calculations related to the DEMATEL technique, Excel software environment was used, and the ANP technique was also performed using the Super Decision software. The components of the current research have been examined from four aspects. The results of this research show that, in the first place (optimal portfolio composition), the second place (utilizing the opinions of experts), the third place (allocation and granting of loans), the fourth place (directing loans and facilities towards production), the fifth place (bank arrears), 6th rank (human resource management), 7th rank (startup entrepreneurial ecosystem capital market) and 8th rank (creating liquidity).

The progress of smartening cities on the one hand and the requirements of urban sustainability on the other hand have paved the way for transition to the sustainable smart city. The study at hand was carried out to present an optimal model of smart city from the viewpoint of sustainable urban development. This study was an applied research project in terms of purpose and a cross-sectional survey in terms of research method and data collection timespan. The statistical population included urban management managers and experts. The optimal sample size was determined to be 384 using Morgan’s table and the participants were selected via simple random sampling method. The data was collected through a questionnaire that had been validated through construct, convergent, and divergent validity measures. Using Cronbach’s alpha and combined reliability measures, the dependability of the questionnaire was confirmed. To validate the smart city model from the viewpoint of sustainable urban development, the partial least squares regression and Smart PLS software were used. According to the obtained results, the smart urban infrastructure and smart governance are the two cornerstones of the model that have the strongest effects on the creation of a smart city based on sustainable development. The effectiveness rate is decreased in the subsequent levels and the variables at the same level show mutual interaction. By affecting the smartening of transportation and influencing the technology-based smart businesses, these factors lay support to smart economy and environment. Then, through smart structures and smart people, the sustainable urban development can be attained, which in turn leads to smartening the city.

The study of environmental factors affecting the growth and development of rural and urban areas leads to determining the optimal aspects of future urban development and the potential of the environment for spatial expansion. In this study, land suitability for physical-spatial development of Shahmirzad village in the north of Mahdishahr, Semnan province, where the settlement of dwellings and uses in its geographical environment (Chakeh river basin) does not have relative morphodynamic stability, based on ten criteria in four proposed areas The descriptive-analytical method was performed with the aim of providing location and appropriate solutions for Shahmirzad's future development, and the weighting of related criteria and parameters was done from AHP hierarchical model and Makhdoom model with the help of experts' knowledge and Chois export software. Based on the studies, it was concluded that different urban geographical areas of Shahmirzad (Shahmirzad North Shahmirzad South, Shahmirzad East and Shahmirzad West) are not quantitatively and qualitatively homogeneous in terms of application and distribution of environmental methods and the distribution of residential spatial in Relation to indicators such as people's inclinations, height and slope of land, situation in relation to natural hazards, distance from agricultural lands and gardens, distance from surface water, area, land ownership factor (endowment and government land), purchase cost, preparation cost And the situation with respect to heterogeneous uses) is not commensurate. Meanwhile, economic indicators such as purchase cost and preparation cost and land ownership factor accounted for more than 50% of the share of the city's expansion to high-risk areas in terms of natural hazards (floods, landslides and earthquakes) and destruction. , Capture fertile gardens and change land use. Any development must be done in accordance with ecological constraints, while purposeful development is to be formed between the four areas for the future development of Shahmirzad and based on the horizon of sustainable development. After evaluation and zoning, it was found that the eastern area (eastern Shahmirzad area and around Kolahdooz town) has more environmental potential for the future sustainable development of Shahmirzad space than the west, north and south of the city.