سمیرا خدیوی

This research was carried out with the aim of examining the capabilities of mountain tourism in order to improve the quality of tourism and preserve the environment. The American community in this study is part of the visiting tourists from the region by random sampling; in this case, according to the frequent visits of visitors in different days, the average number of respondents was estimated at 100 thousand people, so according the size of the American community, the sample size determined by the Morgan table, is 384 people. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type and is considered in terms of application purposes. The data used in this study was collected through a questionnaire, which was confirmed by the CVR scale calculation and the scale was calculated using the Alpha-Cronbach method, and was also used to estimate the yield capacity of a few methods. In order to examine the relationship between tourism capability and conservation of the environment and the improvement of tourism quality, the method of structural equations and PLS software has been used. Since tourism capabilities vary depending on the characteristics and combinations of each mountain region, including climate, geography, culture, and history, The innovation of this research is that, firstly, no research has been done in the field of range tourism capacities in the studied area, and secondly, providing a range capacity management model in order to improve the quality of tourism and preserve the environment in mountainous areas is a topic that has not been addressed so far. The findings of this study showed the physical capacity of 32500, the actual capacity is 8076 and the effective capacity 5387 people per year, so the efficient capacity and the real capacity have a significant impact on environmental conservation and the promotion of tourism quality, But the range has no effect on increasing the quality of tourism and the environmen; But the physical range capacity does not have much effect on increasing the quality of tourism and the environment.

Energy consumption in buildings accounts for one third of the country's annual energy consumption, so it is important to provide solutions that can reduce energy consumption in this sector.

Using questionnaires and experts’ opinions, effective parameters in energy optimization in Construction Engineering Organization of Bandar Abbas were identified. Variables such as wall and ceiling material, area and type of windows, wall and ceiling insulation thickness were selected. Different modes were investigated with Design Builder software. By training two separate neural networks, how the inputs are connected to two important outputs, which is the amount of energy and carbon dioxide, was obtained. And optimization was performed using the PSO algorithm.

In the obtained model, brick wall with insulation thickness of 5cm, beam roof with insulation thickness of 5cm, triple glazing, ratio of north and east windows to wall in the same direction 70%, ratio of south window to south wall between 41 to 43 percent and the ratio of the west window to the west wall is between 65 to 67 percent, in which the amount of energy and carbon dioxide is the minimum.

If the energy is selected as target function, the results obtained from the PSO are closely consistent with the optimization results for when the target function is the amount of carbon dioxide. These two functions are in line with each other, and optimizing one will lead to optimizing the other.

Increasing energy consumption by reducing natural resources and contaminating the environment is a serious threat to human. Therefore, wise use and planning is important in this regard. Present study carried out to assess integrated energy and environmental management using LEAP software around Jajrood River

  Supply system (production, import, transmission and distribution of Latyan hydroelectric power plant), water demand of Jajrood River (urban, agricultural and industrial consumption) and environmental impacts of energy for the determined physical boundary range were modeled by using the capabilities of the LEAP software. Then, the results of model implementation in the reference scenario and scenario of water consumption optimization policies contains the different non-price strategies (household, agricultural and industrial sectors) were compared in a 10-year period.

Energy demand in water sector and the supply of electricity in the base year (2016) were 506/4 and 5607/4 MkWh, respectively, which is expected to reach 651/2 and 7162/9 MkWh in 2026 under the reference scenario. While the total energy demand in the water sector and electricity supply of this region will be 422/5 and 7028/5 MkWh, in the water saving scenario. The carbon dioxide emission in the reference scenario will be increased from 6/43 Mt in the base year to 7/94Mt in 2026. While it will be 7/92 Mt under the proposed scenario.

By implementing the water saving scenario in the studied area, water consumption will decrease to 100 Mm3per year. Also it will be reduced 32/9 percent energy consumption and 20000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions in the year-end of the plan, which will be important in improving the environment.

Identifying tourism development capacities is an undeniable priority in any country, especially in developing countries. There are various methods for determining such zones. Given the sensitivity of forest ecosystems to human interference, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the ecological potential of Tonekabon forests.

To evaluate the ecological potential of the study area, we used the combination of Makhdoom and FAO model in GIS environment using Layer Overlay (IO) technique and weighting by AHP method. In this study, the importance of the criteria and sub-criteria involved in the evaluation process was determined using experts' hierarchy and the weight of each layer was determined using Expert Choice software.

Results indicated that 118.73 hectares of the area is suitable for centralized recreation and 487.72 hectares for extensive recreation and the rest is of conservation value.

The results of this study showed that the combination of IO with AHP in GIS could well compare and evaluate different layers according to the criteria and be used as a suitable tool by decision makers to determine forest ecological potential for tourism development. The issue can be effective in achieving sustainable tourism development.

High energy consumption in residential and commercial sectors resulting from the lack of optimized management of the mentioned sectors imposes adverse effects in terms of economics, health and environment on a community. One of the ways to optimize energy consumption is proper management. In order to prevent uncontrolled growth of energy consumption and maintain national energy resources is energy management in residential and commercial sectors in metropolises. Therefore, the development of implementation mechanisms in this sectors requires special attention.
After analyzing the results of energy consumption in Tehran and in the country, a total number of 96 questionnaires were prepared and distributed among the relevant experts to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated eith energy consumption in the household and commercial sectors. Subsequently, all the strategic factors were evaluated. The IFE and EFE matrices were used to evaluate the internal and external strategic factors. The total values of the IFE and EFE matrices were obtained to be 2.85 and 2.88, respectively. The mentioned matrices suggest that the metropolitan cities of Iran suffer from some internal weaknesses. This indicates that the weaknesses are more than the strength points. In terms of the external factors, the metropolitan cities in Iran are involved in managerial weaknesses so that the opportunities are less than the threats.
Codification of energy consumption strategies and patterns in metropolitan cities are considered as key factors in reducing energy consumption in the country. Given the high potential for savings, the household and commercial sectors should always be considered in terms of energy consumption management and optimization. In the next steps, the executive instructions concerning the five key strategies were presented to achieve the pattern of energy consumption in household and commercial sectors of metropolitan cities (Tehran) in Iran. Afterwards, a checklist was prepared to investigate the status of management execution and the strategy of energy consumption modification pattern in the household and commercial sectors of the metropolitan cities.

The planning for resource management to achieve desirable development is one of the most important economical, environmental and social affairs. During such planning any lack attention to natural reserves, wildlife settlement and cultural heritage that is for all society and next generations, will become extinct. For these reasons, establishing necessary scheme for establishing the balance between the national conservation and today’s requirements is one of the most important duty of responsible, specially the government and the parliament. To Setting the sustainable development in country, needs codifying law and enforcing it. Scheduling laws determine the frameworks and multilateral development ordered system of country that is the basis of accepted general policy and strategies. With considering the fourth development plan’s law and comparing those with the last plan’s laws it can say that the care on the ecosystem is growth. In fact, the fourth development plan’s laws directed sustainable development achievement in country and following the fiftieth article of law, is trying to adapt the procedure of developing specially economic and industrial with the ecosystem necessaries, in order to prevent unsustainable development. In fourth development master plan, one of the sixth foundations is environment preservation, logistic territory and regional equilibrium. Fifteen articles of 161 articles of fourth development plan are for environment preservation and in 14 of other is the necessity of environment preservation which has taken into consideration. The settled procedure shows the movement on a comparatively successful way on connecting environment considerations by developing plan to reach stable development. The success of these, are based on the enforcing of the codified laws completely and thoroughly.

The planning for resource management to achieve desirable development is one of today’s most important economical، environmental and social affairs. During such planning any lack attention to natural reserves، wildlife settlement and cultural heritage that is for all society and next generations، will become extinct. For these reasons، establishing necessary scheme for establishing the balance between the national conservation and today’s requirements is one of the most important duty of responsible، specially the government and the parliament. To Setting the sustainable development in country، needs codifying law and enforcing it. Scheduling laws determine the frameworks and multilateral development ordered system of country that is the basis of accepted general policy and strategies. With considering the fourth development plan’s law and comparing those with the last plan’s laws it can say that the care on the ecosystem is growth. In fact، the fourth development plan’s laws directed sustainable development achievement in country and following the fiftieth article of law، is trying to adapt the procedure of developing specially economic and industrial with the ecosystem necessaries، in order to prevent unsustainable development. In fourth development master plan، one of the sixth foundations is environment preservation، logistic territory and regional equilibrium. Fifteen articles of 161 articles of fourth development plan are for environment preservation and in 14 of other is the necessity of environment preservation which has taken into consideration. The settled procedure shows the movement on a comparatively successful way on connecting environment considerations by developing plan to reach stable development. The success of these، are based on the enforcing of the codified laws completely and thoroughly.