سمیرا کنعانی

Music is an fundamental part of the culture of any nation, and it can be clearly stated that civilized and ancient nations enjoy music in their historical and cultural background. This cultural phenomenon has always been considered by poets due to the deep connection between poetry and music, and in their words, they have referred to music and its instruments. Kurdish language poets have also paid special attention to music and its instruments for nationalistic and literary purposes; they have referred to folk music and its instruments in different ways. Ghaneh, a famous Kurdish poet, is one of them. His divan is a rich source for the study of anthropology and popular culture. This article tries to study the function of musical instruments in Divan-e-Ghaneh in an analytical-descriptive approach based on the library method to explain the reflection of these musical instruments on the local music and folklore of the poet's region. The findings show that Ghaneh paid special attention to local musical instruments to enrich his poem. The poet has used Kurdish musical instruments, which are often local instruments, for various purposes such as making literary images, expressing social and nationalistic concepts, complaining about the world, describing various matters, mere references, and so on.

Conceptual metaphor can be considered from modern linguistic theories that are concerned with metaphor in terms of meaning and connotation. This is fundamentally different with metaphor theory in classical literature. The new theorists see that the aesthetic of the metaphor is not confined to rhetoric and literature only, but also to meanings and connotations as well. In the related context, "Janson" and "Lykaf" are considered among the vanguard theorists in the field of conceptual metaphor who view the metaphor from a semantic perspective. In this research, and based on the descriptive-analytical method, we have studied the meaning of life in the poetry “Baland Al-Haidari”. And one of the most important findings that we reached in this article is that Al-Haidari mostly carries a pessimistic view that sometimes turns into absurdity. However, his poems may be interspersed with poems that carry a spirit of optimism in their folds accompanied by a glimmer of hope. Then Al-Haidari used the conceptual metaphor as a tool to express his viewpoint on the life that he lived with his flesh and blood. It can be said that the conceptual metaphor in Baland Al-Haidari's poetry stemmed from his bitter and tragic experiences in the reality of his life.

Landslide is the mass movement of materials on the slope, which is associated with many human and financial losses every year. Under the influence of hydrogeomorphological and hydroclimatic conditions, different regions have different potentials in terms of landslide occurrence. One of the areas exposed to this danger is the catchment area of the Ilam Dam, for this reason, in this research, the areas prone to landslides have been identified in it. In this research, a digital model with a height of 30 meters, a geological map of 1:100,000 and different layers of information have been used as research data. The most important research tools are ArcGIS and Super Decision. In this research, using 8 parameters (height, slope, slope direction, lithology, distance from the fault, distance from the river, and distance from the road and land use) and the integrated model of network analysis (ANP) and fuzzy logic, the regions Landslides have been identified in the catchment area of Ilam Dam. Based on the results, the central and western parts of the region have a high potential for landslide occurrence. In fact, these areas are prone to landslides due to their proximity to fault lines, rivers and main roads, the type of land use, and the high slope. Also, the eastern parts of the region have little potential for landslides due to the type of land use, being far from fault lines, and being far from roads and rivers.

A study of the stylistic characteristics of the Travelogue of Hussam's Aahd written by Mahmoud Mirza Qajar, Vahid mobarak Samira kanani AbstractDuring the Qajar period travel was considered as one of the literary owners. Travelogues contain the linguistic information of their era, and the travelogues have written their view and hearing without diligence and effort. Each travelogues contains historical, political, geographical, anthropological, economic and so on information, in addition to linguistic information, for purposes and manner of writing. One of the lesser known travelogues of the Qajar era is Hussam's Aahd written by Mahmoud Mirza Qajar, who was extensive knowledge of Fath Ali Shah and his court and linguistic and literary points And rich political, economic, historical and information etc. from that time. In this descriptive study, an analysis of this itinerary based on layered stylistics examines the phonetic, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical, and semantic layers of the Hussam's Aahd. The finding show that what is of great importance to the author in this work and has tried to express it is semantic layer of the word, and to this end complete knowledge of various things, historical sites, castles, bridges, imams, the blessed Baqa'ah present and and display the agricultural status, the names of the tribes and their elders, the geographical location of the cities, and so on.