فهرست مطالب سمیه نوری

In some cases, damage is incurred by the lessee when the corruption of the lease contract is established due to the non-fulfillment of its conditions and elements. Despite being neglected from the point of view of the legislator, it has been of interest to jurists, and three theories are proposed by them: opinion surety, non-surety and opinion of details. The results of this article, which was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method, show that maintaining the tenant's guarantee is preferred in many ways; because with the corruption of the lease, the lessee's lien is subject to aggressive lien and it is not considered a trust lien, therefore, based on the general rule of "‘ala al-yad", i.e., compensation for the damage caused to the property is included in the lessee's surety. Also, the principle of no harm negates the occurrence of damage to the property and requires the tenant's surety. The rule of respecting the property of the believer is also one of the reasons according to which the lessee must return the property of the lease while taking responsibility for the damage caused. Therefore, the lessee's surety towards the lessee is considered feasible, which requires the legislator’s revision.

An ordinary document or charter is a document whose purpose is to write a commitment and create a guarantee for the fulfillment of the obligation. One of the conceivable challenges related to the sale of real estate is the fact that after concluding a transaction with the preparation of an ordinary document, the seller, for various reasons, puts the official document of the same property as collateral, the main ambiguity of such an action is The feasibility aspect is the criminality of the seller's act; Because in this case there is no unity of procedure and the multiplicity of votes issued is evident. This article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical method, while explaining the different aspects of the prying transaction from the crime of transferring other people's property and proving the ability of the ordinary document to oppose the official document, shows that He denies his possession in a prying manner, and according to the law of compulsory registration of documents, the time of compiling an ordinary document is a matter of concern, if the property did not have an official document at the time of sale and the seller Preparation of a formal official document, the subject can be subject to the provisions of Article 117 of the Registration Law based on the opposing transaction; However, the existence of an official document of the property during the transaction and its transfer by means of an ordinary document, causes the subject exclusion of the seller's act from the scope of Article 117 and consequently is considered as a crime of transferable property.

The transfer of the right to credit loans and bank facilities from the seller to the buyer is a phenomenon called "lending", which is known as a new example of selling. The ruling on this deal is controversial among contemporary jurists, and the legislature has not specified this. This article seeks to evaluate these transactions with jurisprudential and legal criteria; This is because, firstly, the transferability of the franchise of loans and facilities, and secondly, the verdict of such transactions is questionable. Therefore, by examining and analyzing the views of jurists and Iranian laws, in a descriptive-analytical method, it has been concluded that the right to credit loans and facilities, as a spiritual right, can not be transferred to others and is documented in the view of some jurists. Recent laws issued by banks, the illegitimacy and legal prohibition of these transactions, which, of course, the effects of this phenomenon, both economically and socially, emphasize its legal and religious prohibition.

Ebrahim Yonsi, a contemporary storyteller whose origin is the west (Kurdish regions) of Iran. The novels "Dada Shirin" and " Doa baraye Armen " are considered two prominent works of Ebrahim Younesi, and because they delve into the characters and classes of the western regions of Iran, they are considered in the category of social-peasant novels, and usually revolve around rural and poor characters. The Pahlavi era is coming. This article has depicted the approach of Ebrahim Yonsi in personality rehabilitation and personality development with descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the research show that Ebrahim Yonsi used indirect characterization as the dominant method in character processing in his stories; Description, conversation, action and behavior, name and environment are the manifestations of indirect characterization in the stories of Dadashirin and Dua for Armen, in which the elements of description and environment were more prominent. Dialogues, including monologues, do not have a prominent presence in Ebrahim Younisi's novels, and this shows that Ebrahim Younisi does not pay much attention to the psychoanalysis of characters in his novels and tries to appear in the position of a narrator.

Inferred from jurisprudential and legal evidences, the basic principle in intentional crimes is retribution (qiṣāṣ), and deviation from this principle is not permissible, except in the absence of a member or the fear of loss and abuse. Therefore, the legislator's approach in Articles 576 to 586 of the Islamic Penal Code to oblige the offender to pay blood money (dīya) or indemnity (arsh) in intentional crimes on the hair is taken into consideration. This descriptive-analytical study evaluates the common views of jurists in this field and by preferring the view of jurists who believe in performing hair retribution, concludes that in view of recent medical advances in the field of skin and hair, it is possible to observe the similarity condition in hair retribution, So that hair transplantation operations with various methods and very precise tools that are performed today in specialized clinics, is evidence to this claim. Therefore, performing hair retribution is considered as a feasible option. In addition, in this case, the principle of proportionality of crime and punishment is observed and the rights of the victim are better provided. Accordingly, a revision of the mentioned materials is suggested.

Fertilizer use is cost-effective until the higher yield supply the cost of consuming more fertilizer. In other words, like any other investment, fertilizer use should have a reasonable return because the law of diminishing returns also applies to fertilizers (Khajehpour, 2008). Application of nitrogen increased Seed yield and Protein percentage but nitrogen agronomic efficiency decreased (Doaei, 2018). In many crops, topping reduces vegetative growth and transfers more and better photosynthetic materials to specific organs, especially seeds. This increases the penetration of light into the canopy and the lower leaves of the plant can use more light. Therefore, increases the photosynthesis of the lower leaves, transfers more photosynthetic materials to growing organs and as a result, productivity will increases. It seems that earlier topping will reduce the number of pods per plant and will improve the conditions for photosynthetic material to be transferred to the pods. Thus, more seeds per pod will be produced. Furthermore, the flowers that will be set in late, have no opportunity to form a large pod and consequently, the fewer seeds will be set in the pod. Delay in topping will reduce the number of seeds per pod of faba bean (Nakhzari Moghaddam, 2013).

In order to study the effect of topping, nitrogen and supplemental irrigation on green pod yield, protein percentage, proline rate and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen in faba bean, a factorial experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design was conducted with three replications at research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during growing season of 2016-2017. Planting date was 11.13.2016 and harvest date was 5.6.2017. Topping factor was in three levels of non- topping, topping at beginning of flowering and topping at beginning of seed filling, nitrogen in three levels including 0, 50 and 100 kg nitrogen per hectare and supplementary irrigation in two levels of non irrigation and irrigation at the filling stage. Each plot had four rows with 50 cm width and four meter length. Seed planted in depth of three cm. one third of nitrogen were used in sowing date, one third in branching and other one third in seed filling stage. Supplemental irrigation was done in 5.24.2017, first topping in 4.30.2017 and second in 5.13.2017.

The results showed that the effect of topping on green pod yield, proline rate and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen was significant but on protein percentage was not significant. Effect of nitrogen and supplementary irrigation on green pod yield, proline rate, protein percentage and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen were significant. Green pod yield in none topping treatment, topping at the beginning of flowering and seed filling stages was 21523, 29118 and 27737 kg.ha-1, respectively. The highest yield of green pod with 29118 kg.ha-1 was related to consumption of 100 kg N.ha-1 and the least was related to treatment of non application of nitrogen with 22149 kg ha-1. Although application of nitrogen increased green pod yield but agronomic efficiency of nitrogen was decreased. Reducing of nitrogen use efficiency was due to increasing nitrogen loss through leaching and sublimation and the lack of effective absorption by the plant. Supplemental irrigation increased green pod yield 5143 kg ha-1 (21.83%). Topping by reducing top dominance transfered more nutrients into pods and therefore pod yield increased. Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen in treatment of topping at beginning of seed filling was 89.85 and at beginning of flowering was 55.96 seed grain/kg nitrogen. Nitrogen consumption increased protein percentage of the seed so that in treatment of 100 kg Nha-1 protein percentage was 22.65 (7.65% more d the protein cont than non consumption). Proline rate and protein percentage in none irrigation treatment was greater than irrigation treatment but green pod yield and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen was lower.

Topping, nitrogen consumption and irrigation increased green pod yield. Therefore, for obtaining more yield of faba bean it is nessesary to remove head of plant, use enough nitrogen and irrigate plans at least one time in reproductive stage.

The purpose of this research is to promote the criminal law of the subject, in view of the purpose of the sacred law to prevent the abandonment of the execution of punishment, with adjudication and jurisprudential justification, to evaluate different perspectives of the jurists regarding delay or delay in the execution of retribution with the claim of pregnancy If the doctor does not approve, the woman will do so. The present study, by examining the opinions of the jurists and modifying the opinions presented by them, argues that The necessity of delaying the execution of female retribution is due to the principle of practice, the proof of ijtihadi and jurisprudential rules, such as "rule of law", "minister", and since medical tests related to pregnancy have not been able to detect fetuses in the first weeks. And with the base error, therefore, the theory of the first opinion of the jurists is based on the necessity of delaying the execution of the tortures and the basis of it is proved. This article also analyzes that, where a pregnancy claim is made by a woman, mental prudence is a necessary delay .

Comparison of sense of coherence, concern and self-efficacy in cancer patients and normal people in AhvazThe purpose of this study was to determine the sense of coherence, concern and self-efficacy in cancer patients and normal people in Ahwaz city. The statistical population of this study included all cancer patients and normal people in Ahvaz city who referred to health centers. Of these, 80 were selected by available sampling method. The research project was causal-comparative. The instruments used in the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (Aaron Antonovsky, 1987), the Pennsylvania State Scale (Maeir et al., 1990) and the general self-efficacy beliefs questionnaire (Schweurzer and Grosselm, 1995). Data analysis was performed by using one-variable and multivariate analysis of variance analysis. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between sense of coherence, concern and self-efficacy between cancer patients and normal people. Key words: Sense of Consistency, Concern, Self-efficacy, Cancer Patients, Ordinary People.

Despite the increasing prevalence of infection with some blood-borne viruses, no standard precautions have been developed so far based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). This study aimed to assess, based on the HBM, the predictors of adherence to standard precautions in preventing needle stick injuries among the Personnel of Sanandaj Teaching Hospitals, Sanandaj City, Iran in 2020.

This cross-sectional study included 444 medical and non-medical staff members of the Sanandaj teaching hospitals in Sanandaj City, Iran, using a researcher-developed questionnaire. Descriptive and analytical data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance, multivariate regression and the chi-square test, the software being SPSS version 22.

The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that from among the HBM constructs, three constructs, namely perceived sensitivity (p=0.033), perceived benefits (p=0.032) and self-efficacy (p=0.001), were the predictors of staff duty performance (implementation of  standard precautions) in preventing needle stick injuries. As regards the implementation of standard precautions, 22%, 75.3% and 2.7% of the staff members had a low, medium and high performance level, respectively.

The constructs of perceived sensitivity, perceived benefits and self-efficacy are the strongest predictors in adherence to standard precautions.

The Plant Water Resistance Index (CWSI) is a tool that can be used for the rapid monitoring of plant water status, which is a key requirement for the accurate product irrigation management.The purpose of this study was to calculate the CWSI index for bean hares in the Khorramabad region for two methods of surface irrigation and drip tape ‎irrigation. For this purpose, a design was implemented in the form of randomized complete block design and split plot experiment. The main factors included drip tape irrigation (T) and surface irrigation (F), and the cultivars of Chibi cultivars including COS16 (C), Sadri (S) and diluted (K) served as sub-plots. By using the field measurements, the position of the upper and lower base lines was estimated for each treatment in different months and used to calculate the CWSI index. The results showed that CWSI values calculated in the surface irrigation during plant growth period were always higher than those in the drip tape irrigation. The highest value of CWSI index was obtained for the Sadri variety, which was equal to 0.20 and 0.26, for the type and surface method, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the effect of irrigation method on the amount of water stress index was significant at 5% level, but there was no significant difference between different cultivars. According to the results of this study, the threshold values for CWSI were considered to be 0.19 and 0.24 for surface and drip tape ‎irrigation respectively, and relationships were presented based on the differences in vegetation and air temperature to determine the irrigation time.

The synthetic dyes pollution has turned out to be one of the most important environmental problems. Approximately 10000 different dyes and pigments are used industrially and over 0.7 million tons of synthetic dyes are produced annually, worldwide. Synthetic dyes are extensively in the textile dyeing, leather tanning, paper, food and medicine industries. The majority of these dyes are either toxic to flora and fauna or mutagenic and carcinogenic. The disposal of these wastes into receiving waters cause damage to the environment. Therefore, removing them from environment is imperative various methods for physical and chemical decolorization of dyes in wastewater but these methods are rather costly and sometimes product hazardous by-products. In recent years, biodegradation approach of its cost-effectiveness and safe method. In this method, microorganisms, particularly bacteria are used for removing dyes. The goal of microbial treatment is to decolorize and detoxify the dye-contaminated effluents.

In this study, bacillus albus bacteria were isolated Mazandaran industrial wastewater used as an example of gram-positive bacteria. Decolorization by these bacteria was investigated by a system which contained both medium and dye. The effects of operational parameters of indigo carmine including time, initial dye concentration, temperature, pH, shaking/non shaking, aerobic/anaerobic were tested. Ethics code: IR.UMZ.REC.1397.106

The results demonstrated that over a period of 54 h, at 50° C, 100 mg/l of concentration and pH=10, maximum decolorization of 95 percent was performed.

The present study confirms high effectiveness of bacillus strains in dye removal. The main experiment was focused on decolorization of indigo carmine in aeration conditions.

This research was carried out to investigate changes in bean water stress index and its relationship with soil moisture under different regimes of drip irrigation at Lorestan University College of Agriculture.For this purpose, three varieties of Pinto bean Contains sadri (S), COS16 (C) and Kusha (K) in main plots and irrigation regimes in four levels including T120 (120% crop water requirement), T100 (100% crop water requirement) T80 (80% crop water requirement) and T60 (60% crop water requirement) were subplots.The results showed that in all three cultivars of the beans, the highest values of CWSI during the season were related to severe tension (T60) which was equal to 0.3 and in contrast to (T120), the lowest values of water stress index and Equal to 0.14. The correlation coefficient between of soil moisture content and CWSI was found to be 0.91 which was significant at 1% probability level, and Therefore a relation was used to estimate the soil moisture content using the crop water stress index. Finally, using the proposed relationship and the allowable drainage coefficient, the threshold value of CWSI was 0.21.

The process of compulsory treatment of addicts as the duty of others - whether from supportive institutions or others - is based on the principle of diligence in deciding how to dominate human beings. This article, written in a descriptive-analytic method, analyzes that, given the fiduciary relationship of man to his own self, the refusal of an addict to be treated is ineffective; Therefore, in order to explain the duty of the person other than the addict, for the purpose of compulsory treatment, the legitimacy of the aid, according to the use of the verses, hadiths, and reasoning on the clarity of the influence and suggestibility of all the people of society and the belief of the addicted person as a member of Community can be cited.  The Wise Method affirms the endeavor to help others in the time of danger and the necessity of being well-mannered in accordance with the rule of ihsan (beneficence), the legitimacy of this compulsion. Based on the clarification of permissible human permits, it can be said that the reasons that justify the legitimacy of forcing addicts to compulsory treatment are to be prioritized by limiting the subject of the rule of the “Taslit” to it.

Foreign exchange trading or "Forex" is a decentralized global market in which currencies are traded in pairs and traders benefit from currency price changes. The ban on this market by the Iranian legislator should be taken into consideration. This article assesses the angles of these transactions by examining the nature of the Forex market and complaining about it in a descriptive analytical approach. The arguments presented based on the similarities of gambling transactions are reasons for the illegal Forex market. Because financial damage is not just for a trader and in turn affects many communities; several laws, including injunctions, bans on deception, profits in the country, etc., are the basis for analysis and evaluation. The article has been studied. With all of the above, not only religious status, but also the prohibition of these transactions is clear in Iran's law.

The assignment of checks and promissory notes as a debt document has provided the context for jobs such as Champerty. A Champertor buys the nominal amount of not received check and promissory note from the creditor for a lesser amount and collects the amount stated in the check and promissory note by using legal or illegal solutions. The balance of buying the amount of the check and promissory note with nominal price that is demanded by the champertor provides the context for conflict in Fatwas on this issue. The phenomenon of "champerty" is sometimes associated with the champertor's committing inappropriate behavior. This leads to digressing from the topic in explaining this phenomenon and increases the importance of conducting studies on this topic. In addition to examine the brought-up fatwas, this study evaluates whether the research on this phenomenon would be possible considering the distinction of champertor's deal from his selective methods in line with vindicating the religion. Therefore, with a careful look at the authority of the debtor to pay back all the debt, based on most of the jurists' perspective, in this case, lack of the current "borrowed usury and transactional usury" will empower this requirement. Furthermore, because the crime of this phenomenon has not been determined, the behavior of champertor would be merely liable to prosecution when he intends to commit some actions such as threat.

In terms of Islamic jurisprudence, the deprivation of deprivation from divorce is attributed to the existence of the carriage by the verse of the Qur'an and continues to maintain alimony. The ambiguity in the revelation of Shari'ah verse has led to clear controversy among the jurists, so that the famous believers consider alimony as a means of transportation, the right of inheritance of the heirs to the deceased's property, among which some people, such as the deceased jeweler, believe in the theory of revolution, and in On the other hand, celebrities have of divorce and narratives has been proved for the divorced believer of the carrier, according to his own reasons, was the reason for the alimony of the woman. And in the issue of housing conflict, the claim of the theory of the revolution of the people because of the priority of the effect of the verse is not researcher and, on the other hand, leads to the healing of the heal and the entry of harm to the wife and the fetus, which is not permissible under the rule of the wicked and the words of the jurists .

Whether Nikah Mut'ah (temporary marriage) was abolished by revelation of a verse of Quran has been a source of conflicting Fatwas and extensive debates between Shia and Sunni jurists given the different foundations of jurisprudence in Shia and Sunni Islam. This research seeks to investigate and analyze Shia and Sunni scholars’ views in this regard. The conclusion of this research after analysis of the jurists’ reasons is that on the one hand, Sunni scholars refer to Quranic verses that either are not meant for Naskh (abrogation) or are for conveying a ruling. Accepting some interpretations of the verses would even entail insulting the Holy Prophet (PBUH) as Sunnis have said that women who have married the Prophet (PBUH) via Nikah Mut'ah can neither be considered Zawjah (wife) nor Milk Yameen (slave). As for narrations, aside from their weak Isnaad (chain of transmission), they contradict Hadiths about Mut’ah being halal and continuing to be Mubah during the lifetime of the Prophet (PBUH) and afterwards. Given the unanimous view of Sunni and Imamiyah scholars about the authenticity of the Hadthis, those that consider Nikah Mut’ah as being halal are preferred. Even if one does not take these two aspects into account, there would be yet another problem arising from the stark contradiction of these narrations, because accepting all of them requires accepting numerus rulings on Mut’ah.

The process of the usury in the informal sale requires considering the different opinions of the jurisprudents. Based on the content of some jurisprudents` viewpoints, the usury is processed in the formal sale not in informal one as a bay` mo`atati). In contrast, another group have chosen the process of usury in the all exchanges including sale, compromise, and so on. In this paper, the answer to the basic question depends on reviewing the nature of sale against the exchange; similarly, according to a descriptive - analytical method, the issued opinions will be discussed and the argumentations are assessed. As a result of this evaluation, it can be distinguished as follows: during the transaction, if the parties` intention is that one of the two goods is going to be the price of another, this type of exchange can be regarded as a sale; whether in word or not, the title of the second one will be as an informal sale, and otherwise, the mentioned transaction will titled as an exchange. Therefore, the cited evidences of the followers of processing usury in the all exchanges ( whether verse 275, chapter Baqara, and the traditions indicating the prohibition of usury and so on) absolutely include formal sale and additionally, informal sale. Meanwhile, there is usury in the exchanges in which the conditions of usury are processed.

Priority setting and resource allocation are assumed to be the most important issues of health-sector and fairness thereof requires considering various criteria. This study was performed to identify the criteria used for priority setting and resource allocation in the world health systems through comprehensive review.
Cochrane, PubMed and SCOPUS database were searched systematically from Jan.1,2005 to Oct.10,2016. The English articles with codified and specified qualitative and quantitative criteria in the resource allocation context in health sector were included in the study. The obtained data were synthetized thematically.
Overall, 9162 papers were extracted. At the beginning of review of the included articles, 9089 papers were removed due to duplication and also based on the title. The abstracts of the remained papers were reviewed and 17 papers were removed. Full text of 59 remained papers were reviewed and based on matching with the inclusion criteria, 34 other papers were removed, too, and ultimately 25 papers were included in the final phase of the study. Extracted criteria were categorized into four dimentions based on economic, management, structural and contextual, out of which the most frequent ones were related to cost, health system goals, local capacity and disease status, respectively.
In this study, the most important criteria used by policy makers and decision makers of health system in the world were extracted for priority setting and resource allocation. The results indicated that in the world, priority setting and resource allocation in the health system is made mainly based on criteria such as cost-effectiveness, disease status, equity/equality and the need.

Exercise is one of the behaviors that have a significant impact on human’s health. The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to the exercise in female athletes in Zanjan city during 2017-2018 based on the theory of reasoned behavior.
In this descriptive-correlational study, 140 female athletes in Zanjan city were selected by cluster-random sampling. The data collection instruments included a demographic data questionnaire and the Physical Activity Scale of Females Students, which contained 40 items in 5 sections. The face and content validity of the questionnaire were approved by 15 university lecturers and the reliability was measured by 15 athletes using the Cronbach's alpha and intra-group correlation method. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software.
Results of this study showed a significant and negative relationship between the attitude towards exercise with the intention to do exercise (r = -0.24, P = 0.005) and doing the exercise (r = -0.25, P = 0.003). Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between the intention to do exercise and doing the exercise (r = 0.69, P = 0.001). Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between the subjective norms to do exercise and attitude towards the exercise (r = 0.28, P = 0.001).
The findings show a significant and negative relationship between attitudes towards exercise with intention to do exercise and doing exercise. Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between the intention to do exercise and doing exercise. There was also a positive relationship between the subjective norms about the exercise and attitudes towards the exercise. It is suggested to perform this study on females with different ages in the society.

This research Aim is study of Predictability level of teachers Job stress based on organizational health and communication skills components. Research method is correlation. Statistical Population is all of teachers at Tabriz public primary schools. Statistical sample include 120 teachers that selected by cluster method in district1 and 2 at Tabriz city. Data was gathered with three standard questionnaires, communication skills, Organization health and job stress. Content validity and Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and regression analysis) were used. Results show that relationship between communication skills, organizational health and its aspects with teacher's job stress is positive. Also the different dimensions of communication skills and organizational health cannot predict job stress

Population is one of the fundamental elements in the economic, social and cultural rights are considered. The knowledge of the particulars of the population and the structure, size and spatial extent of important tools for decision making and planning is. In fact, the spatial distribution of population is a long-term guide for economic projects. The population can be considered from two perspectives: Dispersion and distribution of the population per unit area and Reporting of the population in urban and rural habitats. Understanding the distribution and population dynamics in space, In planning for the geographic location can have many applications. Considering the importance of the demographic changes in the planning, this paper explores the spatial distribution of population in the region of Zanjan deals And model the spatial distribution of population in the region to achieve. The main goal is to find the balance in spatial distribution of this area.