سوران حیدری

Obesity has become a global problem today. Obesity can be caused by sedentary lifestyle and a high-cholesterol diet. This condition increases oxidative stress and decreases the activity of oxidative enzymes, resulting in many complications, including cardiovascular disorders. Aerobic exercise and avoidance of high-fat diets are used as a non-pharmacological intervention to increase antioxidant capacity; however, the exact mechanisms of this on the cardiovascular system have not yet been fully identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise on cardiac antioxidant enzymes in mice fed high cholesterol diet. Thirty-two laboratory Wistar rats (191.2 ± 19 g), age 6-8 weeks were randomly assigned to four groups after the hypercholesterolemia induction of half of the rats (adding 1% cholesterol to the food of the rats and sampling the tails of the rats). These four groups comprised of the aerobic exercise-normal nutrition group (n=8), hypercholesterolemic group (n=8), aerobic exercise- hypercholesterolemic group (n=8) and normal nutrition group (n=8). Each endurance exercise training session was held five days a week for 12 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, the rats were killed and the cardiomyocytes were removed. Moreover, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes was evaluated by specific kits. The results showed that increasing blood cholesterol had a statistically significant effect on reducing SOD, CAT, and GPX in heart tissue (p=0.001). Furthermore, it was found that aerobic exercise significantly increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes in cardiomyocytes (p=0.001). The highest decrease in the level of antioxidant enzymes was related to the hypercholesterolemic group and the highest increase was related to the aerobic exercise-normal nutrition group. Cholesterol-rich diets reduce the activity of antioxidants in the heart. Although aerobic exercise increases the heart’s antioxidant activity, it seems that avoiding a high-cholesterol diet can play a more effective role.

Background Physical inactivity and obesity have been directly associated with elevated inflammatory markers involving in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and Type II diabetes. The purpose of this study was to survey the effect of 12-week aerobic training on serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in sedentary obese men.
Methods & Materials In this clinical trial study, 20 sedentary obese men were randomly placed at two groups: aerobic training (n=10, age: 27.8±3.2 y, body fat percentage: 31.7±3.4, BMI: 32.0±3.5 kg/m2) and control (n=11, age: 26.7±2.6 y, body fat percentage 31.4±3.2, BMI: 32.3±2.8 kg/m2). For all subjects, height, weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, maximal oxygen consumption, serum levels of IL-18, and hsCRP (after 12 h fasting) were assessed prior to and after training. Aerobic training was accomplished for 12 weeks (3 sessions per week, intensity 60%-70% of the reserved heart rate, duration of each session 20-40 min). Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 by performing two-way ANOVA with repeated measures test. Statistical significance was accepted at
Results Twelve weeks aerobic training decreased serum levels of IL-18 and hsCRP in sedentary obese men, while no significant changes were observed in the control group.
Conclusion It appears that aerobic training can, via influencing on parameters IL-18 and hsCRP, play an important role in reducing incidence of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and Type II diabetics in sedentary obese men.

Adipocytokine resistin is an inflammatory mediator and a biomarker of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum resistin concentration and blood pressure, insulin resistance, lipid profile, white blood cell, and cardio respiratory function in obese and lean men. In this descriptive-analytical study, thirty-eight obese and lean men were selected. After 12 h fasting, blood samples were collected and general characteristics of the subjects were assessed. Serum resistin concentration was higher in obese than in lean men (P<0.01), and was positively correlated with the insulin resistance index (The Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance) only in obese men (r=0.40, P=0.002). The resistin level was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (obese: r=0.34, P=0.008, lean: r=0.31, P=0.004) and white blood cell (obese: r=0.19, P=0.001, lean: r=0.15, P=0.004), while negatively correlated with cardio respiratory function index (VO2max) (obese: r=-0.41, P=0.003, lean: r=-0.36, P=0.005). No significant correlation was observed between the serum resistin level and lipid profile and diastolic blood pressure in the obese and lean men. Only VO2max in lean men (P=0.005), and insulin resistance and VO2max in obese men (P=0.002, and P=0.009, respectively) were predictive of the resistin level. The obese men have higher resistin levels compared to the lean men and this higher level is associated with higher insulin resistance. It seems that the insulin resistance and cardio respiratory function can be predictive of the resistin level.