سوران مولایی

The big data revolution is underway and growing rapidly. Retail actors Internet professionals such as retail managers, retail researchers, as well as public policy investors, retail investors are looking to exploit big data to identify opportunities and challenges ahead. By reviewing the studies and previous researches, the researchers first extracted the relevant concepts, then the experts were used with the help of the interview method. The selection method of 15 experts was based on expertise and availability. Also, by using the thematic qualitative research method, concepts have been categorized. The pattern of big data opportunities and challenges in Iran's internet retailing at the store consists of 15 sub-themes which were categorized into four activity levels: store, company, customer, marke; and it showed that retail companies can gain a competitive advantage by exploiting opportunities and managing challenges, and use it to predict the needs of customers and their buying patterns. Retail actors Internet professionals such as retail managers, retail researchers, as well as public policy investors, retail investors are looking to exploit big data to identify opportunities and challenges ahead. With the expansion of the database, the need to use big data was raised in such a way that big data based on the data collected from the meetings of company managers with each other and customers improves the operational, social, financial and environmental performance of the company, the development of dynamic marketing, Identifying the faulty processes of the system, improving the level of current experiences of retail marketers and creating marketing content with the help of different information sources. Big data offers many new opportunities to create value for retailers give; some of which include price optimization, segmentation of customers, inventory management, analysis of customer expectations; Optimizing marketing processes and managing consumer behavior in the way of customers to create value; product offer; predicting the acceptance rate of the new product; Knowing customers; development of new products and services; Determining the customer's path to create value; creating interest in innovative services; Forecasting the supply chain of needs based on the analysis of expectations can be mentioned.

In this research, the qualitative research method of thematic analysis was used to collect data. In the first step, the data was coded in a systematic way in the entire data set, then the data related to each code was collected. In the second step, before drawing the network of themes, the themes should be sorted and presented in the form of a report. The statistical population of the current research are experts in the fields of marketing and business intelligence; Due to the limitation of the population, the sample size will be equal to the population size. The number of expert groups was 15 people (10 men and 5 women), of which 6 people had bachelor's degrees, 6 people had master's degrees, and 3 people had doctorate degrees in business and information technology fields. The researchers, together with the research colleague, coded the number of three interviews and the percentage of agreement within the subject, which is used as the reliability index of the analysis, which finally has a reliability value of 0.86.

After collecting and analyzing the content of the interviews from the experts and extracting the key components related to the opportunities and challenges of big data in online retail, in order to reach a consensus regarding the factors extracted from the studies and Delphi method was used to interview experts. At the end of this stage, concepts (codes) that seem to say something specific about the research questions can be organized into broader themes. The themes were mainly descriptive; That is, they described patterns in the data that are related to the research question. Most of the concepts are related to one theme, although some of them are related to more than one theme. Therefore, in the next step, the created sub-themes cover well the concepts under their inclusion, and appropriate main themes can be created with the opinion of experts. After determining the final list of concepts; They were categorized in the four activity levels of store, company, customer and market in the form of a pattern of opportunities and challenges based on big data in online retail.

Store-level online retailers use big data for cross-selling marketing, location-based marketing, in-store behavior analysis, and price comparison. ​Also, at the company level, the opportunities resulting from inventory management can include joint investment in the supply chain and sales channels, cost-effective ordering by evaluating the distribution system, feasibility of customer expectations, and creating emerging markets. Due to the maximum use of big data at the customer level, online retail stores have access to many opportunities by making customer profiles based on their demographic, geographic, and psychological characteristics can achieve a competitive advantage. Big data has been able to point to the opportunity to share knowledge with other industries, the opportunity to use local strategies, the opportunity to maximize value for customers through innovative business models and expand channels by partnering with business partners, as well as business partners through analysis And data analysis by means of big data are used for product development by adapting to customer demands through the supply chain and sharing data with business partners in order to achieve business success.

Handmade carpet in addition to dimensions of occupation, export, and economic interests, has long been a symbol of the rich culture of this land and has special celebrity worldwide. Neglecting the principles of marketing and business, the competitive advantage of handmade carpets has faced serious risks, in particular at the global level. Today's competitive world, customers are at the heart of every business, recognition of desires, shopping habits and consumer culture perform a vital role in the branding and marketing of handmade carpets. Therefore, analysis and expansion of knowledge in this regard helps the success of the product brand in the target markets. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the marketing situation and brand of handmade carpets. The research method in this study is descriptive and data collection was gathered through structured interviews and questionnaires. For this purpose, activists and producers of handmade carpets have been studied using non-probabilistic sampling method and by referring to them directly in Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces. The results showed that at present, there is not much luck in branding handmade carpets by the owners of production units. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a specific model to improve the marketing and branding of this valuable product.

The organizations of the present century are complex and are integrated systems consisting of processes, organizational units, people, information, and supporting technologies, as well as dependencies and connections between different elements. recognizing, engineering, and managing these social, technical, and infrastructural dimensions is critical to achieving and maintaining the efficiency of organizations. in recent years, the rapid and continuous course of events has gradually transformed the boundaries and dynamics of the business environment, and all institutions are increasingly confronted with new, unexpected, and far-reaching challenges. in dynamic markets, companies need to constantly explore new opportunities in addition to exploiting existing resources. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational ambivalence stimuli and drivers on individual ambivalent behaviors in order to fully benefit from the benefits and advantages of ambivalent for an organization. the present study has been conducted to address this research gap.

Previous research in the field of organizational ambiguity has emphasized the importance of organizational architecture, including 1 establishing separate task units focused on exploration or utilization, 2) integrating mechanisms that facilitate knowledge flows and coordination between units. this spatial and physical separation in different organizational units seeks to avoid friction between conflicting demands and interests between exploration and exploitation activities. the orientation of business units is towards exploration (for example, research and development unit) or exploitation and profitability (for example, production unit). the orientation of units should be aligned to reach organizational synergy. in addition to work ethic and discipline, individuals need access to sufficient resources to engage in exploration and exploitation activities. employees should have enough freedom to acquire the resources they want to advance their innovative actions across the organizational hierarchy. if such resources are provided, more exploration and for-profit activities will be possible. trust is another prerequisite for knowledge sharing and, as a result, knowledge flows are highly dependent on trust among all participants in the knowledge transfer debate. knowledge renewal and overflows from other people are of the main antecedents of exploration and exploitation activities.3- METHODOLOGY This study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey. and in regard to the application of the results, it is among the applied research. the statistical population of the study includes all 303 senior managers and experts of active knowledge-based companies located in sanandaj science and technology park. given the population size, the sample size was calculated and applied according to cochran's formula equal to 170. after distributing 181 questionnaires by simple random sampling method, 170 questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 94%.

In accordance with hypothesis 1, research results indicated that organizational architecture reinforces the use of individual dual power in knowledge-based organizations. therefore, it can be said that organizational architecture is capable of stimulating exploratory and for-profit behaviors. by integrating exploration and for-profit units, organizations perform both activities simultaneously and balance them within their borders through the active integration of senior management teams. the results of testing the second hypothesis indicated that the organizational context accelerates the use of individual duality in knowledge-based organizations. accordingly, it can be said that the organizational context can create a culture that everyone is trying to grow the other and help the development of the organization by influencing each other. these companies encourage employees to take creative action and cultivate a variety of perspectives that ultimately lead to larger perceptual mindsets and the achievement of original ideas.

Selecting the appropriate architectural framework has a significant impact on organizational productivity. a number of researchers have argued that sustainable organizational performance is dependent on exploiting existing capabilities and discovering new opportunities (i.e., dual power) in environmental dynamics and change. dualism is a concept that has been studied for years from the perspective of various fields including strategic management, organizational behavior, marketing, etc. however, overcoming ambiguity is not easy, as the explorative and for-profit behaviors often compete with each other. to cope with this situation, several organizational solutions have been proposed such as innovative culture. when managers create an innovative culture in their organizations, they must analyze the current state of exploitation and exploration activities, create a strategic profile of both, and identify their innovation goals. in fact, they have to consider their organization's future approach choose the right profile for exploitation and exploration to achieve their innovation goals.

One of the main concerns of governments and economic policymakers is to create sustainable development in all areas and demographic areas of countries, to help eliminate the perceived injustice by the people. The development of cross-border businesses and investments in this field by creating sustainable employment can play a fundamental role in perceptual justice and a better life expectancy among the inhabitants of these low-income areas. Accordingly, the present study has been conducted with the aim of identifying the current situation of dominant businesses and their pathology from kolbars’ point of view, counting important and advantageous border businesses as an approach to reduce the kolbari phenomenon in border areas. In order to achieve this goal, the district governors of Baneh and Marivan border areas, the experts of the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade of the mentioned areas and 53 kolbars with at least 6 months of experience have been selected as a statistical sample. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and based on the method of data collection, it is a descriptive-analytical research that has been done with a qualitative approach. The results of this study show that the cities and villages of the border areas of Kurdistan province each have special capacities and capabilities to create employment and investment. It is necessary to make better use of these capacities and infrastructure facilities provided by the government. In addition, the government must provide cheap facilities to encourage residents of border areas to work in cross-border businesses, which lead to make capacity to create productive employment for residents of border areas and kolbari phenomenon is also greatly reduced.

Today, we are under the immense siege of luxury goods, the consumption of manifestations and the abundance of services, objects and commodities. Sociological literature increasingly emphasizes the importance of how and how to use luxury goods in shaping social relationships and relationships. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social psychological characteristics and their intention to purchase through keep up with the Joneses. The research method was correlation. For data collection, valid questionnaires were used. The statistical population of this research is the twenty-five year old married women who have been selected by random sampling method in Sanandaj city. Structural equation modeling and PLS software were used to investigate the relationship between variables. Regression and Sobel tests were used to test the mediation. The results of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables in question; however, the role of mediation between the eyes and the eye was not confirmed in the relationship between social psychological characteristics and purchase intention. In the end, it can be said that individual and cultural characteristics affect the values of women and their motivations and beliefs about goods, including the purchase of luxury goods.

Ethical leadership is one of the approaches that has been introduced in the leadership and management literature in the decades of the 20th century. In modern organizations, the importance of paying attention to organizational activities in the framework of moral codes of ethical leadership begins. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between ethical leadership and good governance in government organizations in Sanandaj.

The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consisted of managers working in government departments of Sanandaj city, of which 169 were selected as sample and selected by random stratified sampling method. Data were collected using standard questionnaires of ethical leadership and good governance with validity and reliability confirmed. For data analysis Structural equation modeling and SPSS20 and AMOS23 software were used.

The results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between ethical leadership and its components (Morality and Fairness, Role Clarification and Power Sharing) with good governance in governmental organizations, in which the power sharing dimension It has the greatest relationship with good governance that can be caused when managers give their employees permission to comment and listen to their ideas and worries. That the employees feel that they belong to the organization.

In ethical leadership, it is further emphasized that ethical leaders regularly follow adherence to ethical standards and point to positive results of good governance in organizations that benefit from ethical leaders.

Flexibility, speed of change and innovation are the characteristics of successful companies in their effective time. In order to survive, even for a decade, companies must constantly change, but change solely, is not enough. Changes should be based on collection of appropriate data from the outer and inner environment and their conversion to knowledge. Among the essential skills and competencies of managers in knowledge based companies, one fote most important one is personal knowledge management skills. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate effect of personal knowledge management on innovative culture and performance in knowledge based companies in Kurdistan province in 2017. From methodological perspective, this study is a survey-applied based on descriptive-survey. Required data collected through combining and integrating several standard questionnaires with use of form reforms. Content validity of factors confirmed with the opinion of the experts and then the validity of the test construct was confirmed using factor analysis methods. In order to analyze the collected data, Partial Least Square method (Smart PLS) used. Results confirmed the appropriateness of all research hypotheses and also showed a positive and significant relationship between personal knowledge management and innovative culture and innovative performance in the research model. At the end, there are also suggestions in relation to the research variables.

Customers purchasing behavior is guided by a set of social behaviors. The primary purpose of this study is to structuralize and validate the relationships in a new pattern of the effects of consumer's innovativeness, emotional values, and competition on their intention to purchase foreign-brand goods. To achieve this purpose, all the clients of the appliance-supplying commercial complexes across Sanandaj, west of Iran, were considered as the study population and enrolled into the study. From the methodological perspective, this work is a correlational-applied study conducted according to a descriptive-survey method. The required data were gathered through combination and consolidation of a number of standard questionnaires, with some formal modifications. The content validity of the recognized factors was confirmed by experts and the construct validity of the developed scale by factor analysis and KMO index. The scale's reliability was investigated and then confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all the variables. Through the data analysis, it was indicated that the raised variables are good predictors of the intention to buy foreign-brand goods. Therefore, it can be argued that a consumers innovativeness, emotional values, and sense of competition independently influence his or her tendency to purchase foreign-brand goods to a certain degree. The other results obtained suggest the appropriate goodness-of-fit and the good degree of approximation of the recommended model.

The present study has been planned and performed in the field of communicative activities related to branding process in organizations on the basis of marketing decions for promoting brand performance. The main goal of the research is to assess the effect of intergrated marketing communication on brand equity; with the role of corporate image and brand performance. For this purpose, the consumers of food industries products in Kurdistan province were considered as the research statistical population. The research was conducted among 384 consumers of ISTAK drinks, produced in Khorshid Zarivar Conmpany, as the statistical sample. The present study is a kind of applied field study based on descriptive methods. Required data were collected using four questionnaires including intergrated marketing communication, brand equity, corporate image, and brand performance. The questionnaires were validated and revised under the supervision of some scholars resulting in a final revised questionnaire including 33 questions. Reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The obtained results from the statistical analysis via social sciences statistical softwares and linear structures have showen that defined variables are good predictors of brand equity. Therefore, we can imply that the research variables such as intergrated marketing communication, corporate image and brand performance determine brand equity, considerably. Other results showed proper fit and approximation degree of proposed model in the studied population.

Security and tourism are parameters of an equation with a direct relationship to each other. Since, no travelling will take place and talking about tourism is useless if security of tourism has not been provided; regarding this matter, security has been given an especial notice. Meanwhile different factors affect the security of tourism. Therefore, this study tries to identify the most influential that factors affect feeling of security in domestic and foreign tourists of Sanandaj City. This research has been carried out based on survey method. The research statistical population consists of tourists who selected Sanandaj City as their destination in summer of 2014 and stayed there at least for 24 hours. Using simple random sampling, finally 374 questionnaires were distributed. Findings indicate that among factors affecting security, police performance, cultural factors, economic factors and media have a significant effect on tourists while social and political factors didn’t significantly affect on the sense of security. Tourism planning and management by identification the affecting factors of tourist's feelling about the security and good response to supply their needs, provides tourists satisfaction in Sanandaj city.