سپهر قاضی نوری

The purpose of this research is to design a model to evaluate the level of digitization of the innovation process centered on artificial intelligence in knowledge-based companies, so that the digital maturity of the innovation process in an organization can be measured. The results of 188 indicators were distributed in the form of a 5-point Likert questionnaire and by Delphi method in two times among 18 experts in this field. The result of the work was 5 components as input to the model, which was sent in the form of a questionnaire to 230 knowledge-based companies of Pardis Technology Park. 198 companies completed it and sent it back. From this number of samples, 150 data were separated for training data and 48 data as model test based on a random function. In the last stage, i.e. modeling, the adaptive neural-fuzzy inference method was used for the model. The method of grid separation or lookup table (PG) in MATLAB 2023 software was used to evaluate the performance of the model using root mean square, error (RMSE) and relative error (E). This research was able to provide an intelligent model with a very low error. As a result, it was able to achieve effective indicators in the degree of digitization of the innovation process.

The emergence of the knowledge-based economy and, as a result, the increase in the importance of categories such as knowledge, innovation, and technology has increased the focus on concepts such as knowledge management, technology management, and innovation management. This article examines the existing articles and the researches that have been done in relation to the integration of the three areas of knowledge management, innovation and technology, in order to provide a conceptual model for integrating these three areas, which while covering the characteristics of each of these managements, from waste Organizational resources resulting from the overlapping of knowledge management, innovation and technology and their confrontation with each other should be prevented. First, a systematic literature review was conducted in which a wide range of related articles were searched from 1980 to 2021. Then, metacombination method was used to code the findings from previous researches and combine them with each other. At this stage, Perish and MAXQDA software were used for coding. In this study, more than 220 codes were assigned to data units. Then 220 codes were analyzed and similar codes were aggregated. Finally, 24 codes were obtained which were called basic codes. In the next stage, the basic themes of classification and the following five organizing themes were extracted: the principles of innovation-knowledge management, the enablers of innovation-knowledge management, the routine and creation of a culture of integration, the infrastructure of integration, the mechanisms of integration. Finally, a conceptual model is proposed that explains the relationship between these areas and how they interact and overlap, and solutions to integrate them

Uncertainties of the future and fundamental changes in communication methods and business environments as a result of technological developments of the present era have posed new challenges for the handicraft industry in terms of design, production, and distribution.Traditional definitions and approaches in the handicraft industry often are focused on the essence and nature of the craft. However, with the increasing emphasis on innovation, economic sustainability, and entrepreneurial aspects in areas such as the creative economy, creative industries, and sustainable development in recent decades, it is still necessary to pay attention to approaches that are aligned with the developments and spirit of the times.The rapid emergence of technological developments and their effects have questioned the human agency in the viewpoints believing in subject/object duality, and have caused the emergence of theories in the sociology of science and technology studies. Some consider man to be free and consider technology as a tool in his hand and some others consider technology to be intrinsically autonomous, i.e. affects social, cultural, and political equations.In the meantime, theories formed in the contemporary world deny the characteristic of autonomy of humans and technology and the action or the final product is the result of connecting human and non-human factors in a network. the most important representative of this approach is the actor-network theory.The present article tries to suspend our familiarity with the assumed structures based on the actor-network theory and then starts with the activists and their actions, further, by examining the relationship between the actors and the negotiations between them, the paper concludes how human and non-humans actors create a network together, and finally, the final product, which is called a black box in actor-network theory, is made.Therefore, the present research is looking for an answer to this question: How can the network approach of handicrafts be explained based on the actor-network theory, and what solutions are suitable for its application in the practical and research fields of handicrafts?In the research process, firstly, in the background section, research conducted in the field of handicrafts has been explored based on this theory. Then the actor-network theory is introduced based on Berno Latour's theory and its elements and further, based on this theory, the creation of the final handicraft product in a network consisting of human and non-human actors and how the human agency (artist-artisan) and the links and negotiations within the network have been examined to explain the network approach of handicrafts.This theory seeks to achieve a practical approach to develop strategies for leveraging advantages and addressing threats posed by technological advancement toward the preservation, improvement, and promotion of the handicraft industry.In the third part, the classic Delphi research method is presented to reach the consensus of the experts in defining the network approach. In the fourth part of the findings of the research, according to the subject, it means reaching a definition of the network approach of handicrafts, the need of which was felt following the developments of the present era, especially the technological developments. thus 12 experts were selected with the conditions of expertise in the field of handicrafts and knowledge of technological developments affecting handicrafts, as well as the desire and enthusiasm for cooperation and continuity in it.Before asking the experts for their opinion regarding the definition provided by the researchers, two questionnaires were prepared on the five-point Likert scale to reach a common point of view for judging through similar criteria. the results of the first questionnaire show that the agency of the artisan artist and the impact of new tools and technologies in the process of designing and producing handicrafts have the highest consensus in the very high option, Also, to develop forward-looking strategies, there is a lot of consensus on the importance of a network approach in this option. According to the results of the second questionnaire, three actors, artisans, specialized knowledge and skills, and economic factors have the highest level of agency according to the experts. in the end, the definition of the handicraft network approach presented by the researchers was judged by experts in three rounds. and after the consensus and saturation of experts' opinions, the definition of handicraft network was presented. In the fifth part, discussion and conclusion, the practical suggestions of the network approach and its conceptual model are presented.What is of great importance in the present research in achieving the definition of handicrafts network approach is the reasons and how to apply this approach in different fields of handicrafts which is also the answer to the research question and shows that the practical features of this theory can be used in networking, planning and policy-making. the network approach to handicrafts by providing conditions that can simultaneously involve the actions of human and non-human actors in the network causes the confrontational strategy is not the only option against technological developments. rather, with the arrival of any new phenomenon affecting handicrafts, by creating negotiations and creating links, the action of the new agent should be directed in line with the goals of the network.Therefore, new developments, especially emerging technologies, are not considered a threat and it is possible to take advantage of its advantages and opportunities by establishing interactive links and taking measures against possible threats. this requires the formation of powerful research networks to recognize and monitor the developments and technologies affecting handicrafts and to provide the data obtained from the research continuously to various networks of designing, producing, and supplying handicrafts.

Companies have various strategies in front of them to meet their technological needs. In many cases, endogenous development of technology is not cost-effective and firms use other methods (both formal and informal) to transfer and acquire technology. Our studies show that so far no standard list of these methods has been provided in the literature and the existing lists have been formed based on the personal observations of researchers. Based on this, this research seeks to provide a standard typology of technology transfer and acquisition methods based on a theoretical framework. This study models a variety of methods of technology transfer and acquisition with interactions between particles with the biomimetic method, which is a structured method for inspiration from nature to solve human challenges. For this purpose, in the first step, "interactions between particles" - which are known and have specific types - have been chosen as the best counterpart that can model the technological relationships between companies. In the next step, the evidence needed to explain the main dimensions and elements of the research model (semantic relationships between the concepts and components of two phenomena in chemistry and management) is collected, and then a one-to-one correspondence is established between the elements of the research subject and the selected counterpart to obtain the final mapping. The modeling of this research shows the existence of 13 technological relationships. The ideas of this article can be the beginning of a path for the use of chemistry in human relations management issues.

The importance of innovation and technology development and understanding the complexities of these processes have led numerous researchers to present and develop different theories during the recent years. One of the pervasive and successful theories of the past years in the field of innovation and technology studies is the approach of innovation systems. The shortcomings and weaknesses of the innovation system approach and its inadequacy in analyzing the complexity of the innovation process and technology development became one of the drivers for presenting the theory of innovation ecosystems. Despite the number of studies, in none of the presented articles, a specific technological innovation system was criticized from an ecosystem perspective. In this study, the photovoltaic TIS of Iran is criticized from an ecosystem perspective by using governance changes of innovation ecosystems. According to the results of this study, the approach of the TIS does not provide effective policies to overcome the challenges in innovation systems due to its detailed and linear view of technology development. Also, the approach of TIS does not pay attention to the co-creation of value and the evolution and co-evolution of actors and the innovation system, and it does not pay attention to the diversity of actors and the relationship between them. The one-dimensional view of TIS does not have the ability to monitor the monocentricity or polycentricity of the innovation system and the functional redundancy of the system, and with insufficient indicators, it makes mistakes in identifying the development stage of the system.

Calculating participation index in global value chains has been very much considered and two calculation methods have been proposed. The calculation of this index in Iran and the countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation based on the commercial data of intermediate products and the experiences of successful countries in participating in these chains during the years 2008-2020 is one of the main goals of this article. The results showed that among the 56 Islamic countries, three countries, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia, with a participation index above 0.75, are countries with high participation in global value chains. The countries of Turkey and Brunei Darussalam have average participation in these chains with indices of 0.73 and 0.55, Iran is in the low participation group with an index of 0.38. The experience of Malaysia and Singapore showed that these countries have seen plans to be present and stabilize in global value chains in their industrial policies; The trend towards product complexity and production with higher added value and support for foreign direct investment are two common factors that have made these countries successful in participating in global value chains. Therefore, considering the importance of increasing Iran’s participation in global value chains, while adopting appropriate industrial and commercial policies to increase participation in chains, it is suggested to support small and medium-sized companies and put the necessary investment for more value-added products in their plans. Facilitate the presence of foreign partners in the country by revising the foreign direct investment laws.

The special features of cyberspace, such as universality, providing the possibility of anonymity and rapid changes, along with its great impact on individual and collective life, make its policymaking and regulation challenging. The security and resilience of cyberspace as one of the complex aspects of cyberspace policymaking and the intersection point of technical, security, cultural and social points of view has also been considered in upstream documents and Tadbir No. 15 of the document of the Islamic-Iranian model of progress is dedicated to the security and resilience of cyberspace and the need to use local knowledge and global partnerships in it. An issue that seems to have been left aside in many policies and practical decisions related to cyberspace in favor of a non-specialist security perspective. This article based on qualitative research methodology and analytical-descriptive research method, by examining some of the most important challenges of cyberspace and its security and resilience in Iran and comparison with similar global samples, tries to provide suggestions for policy regarding cyberspace in Iran. Staying away from the security discourse in everyday life issues, reducing criminalization, improving the conditions and attracting foreign companies in the field of cyberspace instead of repelling them, improving the economic and cultural conditions for the non-immigration of specialists in this field, leaving space for popular regulation of cyberspace away from governmental interventions and attention to upstream documents, including the Islamic-Iranian Model document, are the progress of some of the solutions and policy proposals presented in this article.

open innovation intermediaries is a Leveraging technology through for valuable tool in open innovation and creating effective capabilities in completing the value chain of the innovation process. Facilitating and speeding up the complexities of the technology market is the result of the effective presence of innovation intermediaries. Considering the deep technological gap and the challenges of innovation processes in Iran, as well as the functional weakness of this group of innovation network brokers in Iran, this article seeks to determine the influencing factors in the role and activity of innovation intermediaries in the open innovation platform. , and stratification of factors by using the structural-interpretive model, provide implementation solutions to resolve the communication gap and strengthen the actors of Iran's innovation system. In this fundamental research, and through the qualitative method based on foundational data theory and MAXQDA software, the influencing variables were determined. . With semi-structured in-depth interview technique with 13 knowledgeable experts in the field of innovation system and managers of innovation intermediary companies and reaching the theoretical saturation point, using open, central and selective coding, the research topic was analyzed. . The resulting paradigmatic model was determined based on the central phenomenon (effectiveness of innovation mediating function), affected by causal conditions, context and intervening variables, and in order to complete it, and by implementing the quantitative phase, during a survey of experts, through the model method Structural-interpretive construction of ISM, influential factors and variables, leveling and extraction of the structural-interpretive model and MICMAC analysis were done to determine the permeable variables and the factors' dependencies. The results of the research confirm the key role of innovation culture and the necessity of maturing the understanding of technology development, reducing government delegation and focusing on the technological needs of the country by the actors and institutions of the innovation network as the most influential factors in the optimal functioning of innovation mediation.

Innovation intermediary entrepreneurs have a critical role in all key players interactions network in the innovation system. These entrepreneurs are well known in transferring technological knowledge and building optimum bridge between supply and demand. However emphasizing the special position of innovation intermediaries in developed countries, in Iran we are facing with deep technological gap in the country and many other innovative processes challenges due to Geopolitical and economic challenges. This research aims to investigate the influencing factors in the innovation mediator’s roles and responsibilities in the open innovation platform and aims to find solutions, helping innovation entrepreneurs could have a successful and valuable activity and function in the country. The goal of this research is looking fundamentally to the points which using the qualitative method (Grounded Theory), with semi-structured in-depth technical interview with 12 experts in this field and 10 mediating innovation companies .Then in next step, analyzing  those data’s and  reaching the theoretical saturation point, with the use of open, axial and selective coding. The resulting paradigm model was determined based on the central phenomenon (innovation mediation function), affected by the fundamental condition, background conditions and intervening variables. The results of this research are divided in six main indicators including: the systematic innovation structure, the interaction network of policy-makers and facilitating institutions, the maturity of innovation thinking, the awareness of industry managers in innovation activities, competitiveness in technology and the ability of intermediaries and in the last, identified the innovator capabilities.

The emergence of technological innovations and digital medicine is making fundamental changes in the healthcare sector towards personalized medicine. Therefore, in the near future, we will have to pass from population-based medicine to personalized medicine. The purpose of this study is to identify the appropriate framework for the transition to personalized medicine.

The study method was a systematic literature review with a content meta-analysis approach. The statistical population of the research was personalized medicine articles that have been conducted during the last 12 years (2010-2022). After several screening stages of the papers, finally 7 articles have entered the meta-analysis process as samples (articles related to policy making or transition to PM).

Findings show the most of the studies in the field of PM were specialized and clinical, and only a few studies have briefly addressed the management and policy issues of PM, and the transition and transition pathways regarding PM have not been studied much.

Adapting from the proposed PM model and technological transition pathways, the framework for the transition to personalized medicine includes the transformation pathway from conventional medicine to stratified medicine and then technological substitution pathway from stratified medicine to personalized medicine. In order to appropriate policy making in this framework, we need appropriate policy tools of science, technology and innovation.

The emergence of a wide range of digital technologies has fundamentally changed the nature, process and outcomes of innovation. Researchers emphasize the distinction between digital innovation and traditional innovation and consider it necessary to theorize in this field due to the novelty of the concept of digital innovation. In this research, in an inductive way with the aim of conceptualizing and identifying the main dimensions of digital innovation in industrial organizations, first, using the systematic literature review approach, related articles were examined in the period from 2014 to 2022, and 48 articles were selected for analysis. Then, using the grounded theory approach, open, axial, and selective coding procedures were performed. According to this, the main dimensions of digital innovation were categorized in the form of a paradigm model include causal factors (13 categories under the 4 main dimensions of digital industrial platform and technology management, digital innovation ecosystem management, intelligent processes, digital structure and organization), contextual factors, intervening factors, strategies, and consequences. Also, by reviewing the definitions and identified dimensions, a novel definition for digital innovation in industrial organizations was presented. The resulting theoretical framework, in addition helping further conceptualization of this phenomenon, can be used in the design of organizations' digital innovation maturity models.

In recent years, the concept of innovation ecosystems has become commonplace for understanding the process of creating shared value. On the other hand, due to the importance of radical innovations in creating a unique defense capability and evolving of these innovations in a network of different actors, the need for an ecosystem view is felt more. In this research, with a qualitative approach and in the form of a multi grounded theory strategy, using latent content analysis tactics and semi structured interviews, a framework for radical innovators in the Iranian defense sector has been introduced. The interviewees were selected from senior managers in the field of defense innovation by snowball sampling method and the researcher saturated the data after 28 interviews. Findings showed that the components of radical innovations ecosystem include actors, capital, infrastructure, regulations, knowledge, ideas, commonalities and communication channels, culture, and structural principles.

TheTransition theory is mainly used to move from a dominant technology to a new and innovative technology. The Studies of the typology of transition pathways have shown that the transition to new technologies includes four main pathways. But in some studies, it has been emphasized to review this matter and the possibility of other pathways. Therefore, the aim of the study is to describe the typology of transition pathways by review the literature and identify possible pathways. The study method was a systematic literature review with content meta-analysis approach. The statistical population is papers on the typology of transition pathways that were published during 2010-2022. The transition pathways among the selected papers were compared in terms of 24 characteristics, which were also adapted from the systematic literature review. Finally, in terms of these characteristics and especially the three main characteristics (perspective pressure, maturity and regime resistance), 12 new transition pathways were identified. The identified pathways include 5 main pathways (reproduction, transformation, technological substitusion, reconfiguration and de-alignment and re-alignment), each of which was categorized into two gradual and pure pathways, as well as two hybrid pathways, “de-alignment and re-alignment and technological substitusion”, which It happens sequentially or simultaneously, and the pathway of “gradual reconfiguration and transformation simultaneously”.

Researches that lead to a fundamental understanding of the research subject and do not have a specific practical purpose are called fundamental researches. Various aspects of these studies have been the subject of research by researchers from Iran and the world. More knowledge of Iranian researchers about Iran's special conditions and its effect on basic researches as well as their influence on the country's scientific policy makers makes it necessary to examine their opinions for a better understanding of the policy making process of basic science and researches in Iran.In the present work, an attempt was made to draw a map of these researches and various viewpoints by examining Persian and English articles and books of Iranian authors about fundamental researches as well as relevant higher law and documents. Various researches have been carried out in the fields of the nature of basic researches, public policies towards them, the investigation of the status of these researches with scientometric criteria and sociological and historical aspects.In general, it seems that despite the lack of practical success in proper policy making in the field of basic sciences and research, there is a theoretical consensus in the current state of basic sciences, policy methods and the need for government support among researchers. According to researchers, the main problem in Iran is the gap between policy making and implementation.

In today's competitive world, one of the ways to achieve higher economic growth is to enter the global value chains. One of the determinants of participation in global value chains, is the complexity of products. Due to the importance of this issue, in this study, the effect of degree of complexity of products on participation in global value chains for Islamic countries was measured. For this purpose, a panel data covering time series for the period of 2018-2008 for 56 Islamic countries (including Iran) was developed. Then the factors affecting participation in global value chains were examined using the generalized and the ordinary least squares method. According to the study, the complexity of Iranian products has increased significantly in the recent years, compared to the other countries. The significance of effect of product complexity index and technology absorption index on participation of Iran and Islamic countries in global value chains was statistically confirmed. Thus, one of the proposed policies for economic development and growth is to enter the global value chains by increasing the complexity of products and absorbing technology. It should be noted that no study has been conducted on this issue in Iran and this study for the first time has discussed the effect of export complexity on the participation of Islamic countries and Iran in global value chains.

Metaphorical mappings have been used in various fields of study over the past decades and have provided deep insights to explain new features of a little-known or complex phenomenon. In the current research, focusing on the field of innovation studies, the most important metaphorical mappings have been identified and categorized. For this purpose, a domain review has been used to review and analyze the existing literature including 48 selected metaphorical maps. The findings of the research indicate that metaphors in the field of innovation studies under 5 main themes including "conceptualization of the process of innovation development and diffusion", "development of innovation strategy and roadmap", " technological changes forecasting, evolution and development of innovation" ", "description of the atmosphere governing innovation and existing interactions and communications" and finally "Policymaking and management of research, technology and innovation" can be classified. Finally, all the extracted themes are suggested in the form of a general metaphor under the title of "innovation as a strategy" by adapting Mintzberg's 5p framework.Metaphorical mappings have been used in various fields of study over the past decades and have provided deep insights to explain new features of a little-known or complex phenomenon. In the current research, focusing on the field of innovation studies, the most important metaphorical mappings have been identified and categorized. For this purpose, a domain review has been used to review and analyze the existing literature including 50 selected metaphorical maps. The findings of the research indicate that metaphors in the field of innovation studies under 5 main themes including "conceptualization of the process of innovation development and diffusion", "development of innovation strategy and roadmap", " technological changes forecasting, evolution and development of innovation" ", "description of the atmosphere governing innovation and existing interactions and communications" and finally "Policymaking and management of research, technology and innovation" can be classified. Finally, all the extracted themes are suggested in the form of a general metaphor under the title of "innovation as a strategy" by adapting Mintzberg's 5p framework

The present work tries to clearly explain the existing duality regarding the concept of scientific authority ("marjiyat") among politicians and policy researchers in the field of science policy by reviewing the existing articles and research works and specifying the characteristics of each of the opposite points of view to make science policy avoid policy divergence caused by verbal similarity.Historically, scientific authority, along with political authority, has been considered one of the dimensions of the authority of the infallible imams. After the statements of the Supreme Leader in 2006 with the students and professors of Imam Sadegh University, the concept of scientific authority entered the vocabulary of Iran's science policy and attracted the attention of researchers. In the following years, attention has been paid to the discussion of scientific authority in the academic environment of Iran, and in addition to the publication of various articles, the spring 2018 special issue of the Iranian Journal of Culture and Health Promotion has also been dedicated to this subject. Most of the existing research has been focused on the statements of the Supreme Leader and high-level policy documents about scientific authority and has considered this concept separate from similar concepts in the global/ English research literature of science policy. Researchers have also dealt with the relationship of scientific authority with soft power and national authority and modeling the methods of achieving scientific authority.The review of the available articles shows that there is no comprehensive intersubjective definition of scientific authority among Iranian politicians and policy researchers. The existence of multiple and incompatible definitions and the need to achieve a specific definition of scientific authority have been the concern of some researchers, but the duality of introspection and extroversion, as the root of the inconsistency of definitions, has not been investigated in any of the previous articles.In this research, a systematic review of the available articles was used based on the NoorMags index. Articles that included the term "scientific marjiyat" in their title, abstract, or keywords were examined in this research. Furthermore, the special issue of "Iranian Journal of Culture and Health Promotion" for scientific authority and the articles of the Islamic-Iranian Model of Progress Conference were used as additional sources. The scope of the research was limited to published Persian sources about scientific authority; because scientific authority, in the common policy sense in Iran, is a concept invented locally, and similar concepts in the global research literature cannot represent what and why the concept of scientific authority is.In the next stage, after sifting the articles twice, a thematic analysis of the articles was used to extract the main themes raised in them to define and explain the nature of scientific authority. The main themes were divided into two categories, inwards and outwards, and an attempt was made to explain the nature of each of these two categories and to introduce examples of important sources written based on each perspective.: After sifting the articles, 36 articles were reviewed. Most of them were written in the years 2016 and later, and in the first decade after the topic of scientific authority was raised, this issue was not seriously studied by researchers. After reviewing the articles, 20 main themes were found about what scientific authority: the status of the country, universities, researchers, articles and scientific journals in global rankings; relying on useful science and practical effectiveness; problem-oriention and community needs; scientific independence of the country and freedom from scientific captivity; being global reference point; Islamic orientation and adherence to religious thinking; transforming Persian into an international scientific language; theorizing and expanding the boundaries of science; existence of the complete chain of technology and innovation; global science production pole; self-esteem; historical perspective to scientific authority; global access to scientific products; leadership and non-passive approach in science production; scientific authority and unquestionability of scientific statements; attracting talented people; appropriate research budget in the field of science and technology; becoming a global model of science production; fame as a scientific reference and social image management; and authoring scientific reference books at the global level. These categories can be classified into two groups: inwards and outwards. Outward-looking themes emphasize the definition of the position of scientific authority based on a country's scientific connections with others and the country's position in international scientific communities, and they give importance to international rankings and global scientific communities. On the contrary, inward-looking themes focus on the internal aspects of scientific authority and follow the production of useful science and its use. Some researchers, due to not paying attention to this conceptual duality, have suffered contradictions in their opinions and internal confusion in their writings.Despite the extensive use of an inward-looking point of view by many politicians and political researchers, this point of view is incompatible with the traditional definitions of authority and in practice, it does not provide a proper explanation of scientific authority. "Marja" in the literal meaning and its historical usage means the place of reference. By accepting this definition, marjiyat cannot exist without referents, and scientific reference is defined concerning others and, as a result, in the domain of international scientific communities. The inward-looking perspective does not provide any self-sufficient evaluation criterion. The usefulness, practicality, and impact of science in practice should also be measured in comparison with other countries and based on global rankings of innovation, economic development, etc. Furthermore, in the current situation, the transformation of Persian language into the international language of science does not seem close.Politicians and policymakers should determine their operational definition of scientific authority based on one of the two perspectives presented before making any policy decision and using any type of political tool to improve the state of scientific authority in the country, and their expectations and evaluation criteria should also be based on the selected point of view. Based on what has been said, they have to use an outward-looking perspective in order to have a realistic analysis of scientific authority.

Technological catch-up is an important and key component of the development process of countries that are behind the leading countries in the world in terms of technology and economy. Subsequent countries can enter the global competitive environment from the opportunities created by the emergence of new technologies. The purpose of this study is to identify the key factors affecting the catch-up process in the Iranian banking software industry and to investigate their effectiveness and prioritization. The research method used is a mixed method that in the qualitative part of the content analysis and in the quantitative part of the confirmatory factor analysis has been used. In this regard, the main influential factors were identified using the thematic analysis method and semi-structured interviews, and 55 themes were identified which were classified in the theme network. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the effectiveness of all identified factors was confirmed. Among the effective factors at the enterprise level, appropriate security platforms, among the effective factors at the industry level, increase interaction and communication with users and regular customers, and among the effective factors at the national level, the interaction and communication factor for producing, disseminating and using knowledge. New ones have the highest impact.

The insurance industry is one of the indicators of development in the country. Insurance in Iran is facing the challenge of low penetration rate among the people. Thus, it needs to change the way of providing services and increase the attractiveness of the services in order to be welcomed by the people. Insurtechs are fintech companies that provide insurance services based on technological innovation. They play an important role in improving the insurance ecosystem and help to improve the efficiency of traditional insurance. Insurtechs have an effective role in increasing insurance penetration by providing customized and cost-effective services. Despite the understanding of this important issue by decision makers in the field, the services of insurtechs in Iran are limited to the sale of insurance products and could not fully cover the insurance value chain. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and analyze the socio-technical transition to insurtech in Iran.

This study using a systematic review, aims to explain the transition process and identify the transition path to insurtechs. The research paradigm is interpretive and uses the analytical framework of the Technological Innovation System and the Multi-Level Perspective. Since the research on complex phenomena such as transition cannot be reduced to models with precise methodological methods and requires the creative interpretation of the researcher, therefore, the qualitative research method of narrative-research has been used. Data were collected through the study of central insurance and regulation documents and reports and interviews published in fintech media from 2014 to 2021. A total of 107 reports were reviewed, of which 52 were related to the discussion and contained the opinions of 50 experts in various fields of the country's insurance, which were reviewed and coded.

In this study, in the first step, the functions of technological innovation system in insurance were identified, which include: providing technological infrastructure, formation of communications, knowledge exchange, policymaking and legislation, informing citizens, financing, human resource development, research and providing innovative insurance services. In the second step of the research, the actors who perform these functions were identified and the behavior of the actors of the regime against the innovative services of startups was investigated. Then, according to whether the actors of the regime perceive technological developments and institutional changes as symbiotic or competitive, the transition path of Insurtech was identified.

Following the developments resulting from the introduction of technology into insurance at the international level, the incumbent actors have begun a slight shift and gradual institutional changes. The incumbents of the insurance industry are aware of the importance and necessity of innovation in insurance and have accepted the services of startups. The relations between insurtechs and the incumbent actors in the regime have been symbiotic, which improves the performance of the insurance industry. However, due to the fact that the conditions for startups to provide various services and products and cover various stages of the insurance chain such as damage assessment and risk assessment are not provided, therefore, innovative companies have a low level of development; Therefore, the path of transition to insurtech has been a path of transformation.

In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a qualitative method of discourse analysis in a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method by using the quantitative method of fuzzy c-means clustering. For this purpose, the institutional interactions of science and technology policy in Iran have been studied as a case study. Therefore, according to the "exploratory sequential mixed method", first using the fuzzy c-means clustering method and the questionnaire tool, the discourses of experts on the subject are identified and then using the Laclau and Mouffe discourse analysis method and interview tools to explain the nodal points, moments and articulations. Thus, "collaborative discourse" around the nodal point of "integrated policy making" and "independent discourse" around the nodal point of "government policy making" were identified. The most important result of this research is the development of discourse analysis method from qualitative paradigm to mixed paradigm and of course increasing the validity of research findings. In addition, this innovation is in line with the main stream in methodology and, due to the use of fuzzy logic, is very similar to the ambiguous and complex concepts of social sciences.

Iran's petroleum industry is facing challenges including maturity of hydrocarbon fields, growing population of the nation that demands additional revenues from petroleum exports, and international economic sanctions that have limited access to technology sources. Restrictions from international technology providers have led managers of the industry enterprises to try to develop their needed technologies inside the country. The Ministry of Petroleum has supervised this and as a result, a technology planning systems has been developed and implemented since 2009. In this paper, an overview of the Iranian petroleum industry is provided from a technology planning perspective. The focus has been on the events and the behavior of the system after the implementation of the new technology planning system, which coincides with the period of the intensification of international sanctions against Iran. Results of the study, and a comparison between features of the technology planning systems before and after 2009 show that while the new approach has promoted the planning system from several aspects it still suffers lack of attention to two key elements of a planning system i.e. integration and alignment between different levels of planning. As a result of recognizing the necessity of an evolutionary model at the industry level to address these two factors and by reviewing experiences from several countries, a general model is proposed. The proposed model brings the two issues of integration and alignment in technology planning systems into consideration with special attention to key factors such as

Intellectual property related issues play an important role in the field of research and innovation. Especially in the case of research and projects carried out with the participation of research institutes, universities and other various parties from government and industry, it is necessary to have some special measures and methods for identifying, managing and assigning ownership of results and created innovations; In such a way that interests of all parties be served and also the highest efficiency be achieved. In this study, we attempted to investigate intellectual property issues related to publicly funded cooperative research and development projects. For this purpose, a comparative study has been conducted between two cases of ongoing worldwide programs; the EU’s Horizon 2020 program and the Australian Cooperative Research Centers program. These two programs have been selected for this study due to their long history and continuous improvement in the settings related to intellectual property and assets. All documents in these programs which are related to intellectual property have been reviewed. Based on the comparative study, the main phases, steps and issues related to intellectual property and assets in such projects have been extracted, which include three phase; before the start, implementation and end of the partnership. These phases consist of five, three, and three steps, respectively, in which the main and important issues related to intellectual property and assets are identified. These identified issues at each step can be a practical guide for managing intellectual property in collaborative R&D projects funded by public resources and budgets; In this way, all aspects related to intellectual property as well as the interests and goals of all parties are considered and adequately secured.