سید جمال بارخدا

The present study aimed to identify the motivations and barriers women face in pursuing school management positions and to determine strategies that could facilitate this pathway. This research employed a qualitative approach with classical grounded theory as its methodology. The field of study focused on female teachers who were candidates for managerial positions in Kurdistan province's school. Using purposive sampling and based on the theoretical saturation principle, 18 participants were selected for the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed via open coding and categorization. Research validity was ensured by adhering to the four criteria: Credibility, Dependability, Confirmability and Transformability. The findings revealed 241 open codes and 18 sub-concepts, which were categorized under three main themes: motivations, challenges, and strategies. The motivations included constructive innovation and transformation, personal growth and development, women's managerial competence, effective communication and collaboration, nurturing and developing students, and organizational justice and equality. The challenges highlighted societal stereotypes regarding women's management, lack of legal frameworks supporting women in management roles, role overload, women's resilience issues in managerial positions, unfair appointment practices, and lack of support from higher-level organizations. Finally, the strategies encompassed societal cultural development regarding women's managerial capabilities, provision of welfare facilities, merit-based appointments within a transparent process, and fostering a culture of gender equality.

To explore the experiences of teachers and principals with the concept of social responsibility, 18 of them were carefully selected and interviewed. The analysis of the responses yielded 6 main themes and 33 extensions thereof which included constructive interaction with  students’ environment, constructive interaction with colleagues, maintenance of appearance and behavior, lack of awareness and indifference within the school community, acting within the confounds of rules and regulation, and getting involved in students’ personal issues. The results show that teachers while improving their own behavior, can serve as models for students’ development and actualization. Nevertheless, acting within the confounds of organizational regulations is not all that social responsibility is about, rather its true meaning is going beyond the line of duty.

The aim of this research is to explore how parental literacy is related to academic enthusiasm and academic boredom among secondary school students with learning disabilities.

The study is classified as "applied" due to its purpose and "descriptive-survey" due to its method. The population consisted of all 250(92 girls and 63 boys) secondary school students (7th to 9th graders) who have learning disabilities and attend special education schools in the Kurdistan Province during 2022 and 2023.To determine the sample size, the Krejcie & Morgan table was used to select 155 students. Data was collected using a parent literacy questionnaire developed by the researchers (PLQ), an academic enthusiasm questionnaire by Fredricks, Blumenfeld & Paris (QAE), and an academic boredom questionnaire by Pekrun, Götz, Titz, and Perry (QAB). Data analysis was performed using SPSS26, and the structural equation model fit was performed using the Smart PLS3 package.

The findings indicated a significant association between parental literacy and academic enthusiasm and academic boredom in secondary school students with learning disabilities, where parental literacy is capable of explaining 89% of the variance in academic enthusiasm and academic boredom.

These results suggest that parental literacy can enhance students' enthusiasm and lessen academic boredom.

Leadershiphasbeen proposed asa key driver for organizational innovation.Transformational leadershipstyle compared toother leadership styles has become verypopular among researchers in the field of organizationalleadership due to its different approaches to stimulateemployee creativity.Such leaders help their followers to lookat old issues from new perspectives.The current researchaims to deal with the impact of transformational leadership on the creativityand innovation of employeesaccording to themoderating role of the internalmotivation of employees(case study:primary school teachersof one district of Kermanshah).

In terms of purpose, research is part of applied research.This research is based on a questionnaire in terms of applied nature,in terms of quantitative research,in terms of survey strategy and in terms of data collection method.The purpose of applied research is to develop applied knowledge in a specific field,in other words,applied research is directed towards the scientific application of knowledge.In this research,for the theoretical aspect, the library method(articles, internet texts, books, etc)has been used, and the required information has been extracted through questionnaires and data collection in the research field.The statistical population of this research includes all the primary school teachers of the first district of Kermanshah,whose number is1100in the academic year of 2021-2022.The sample size was determined using Morgan's table,270 people.To collect data,the standard questionnaire of transformationalleadership by Bass and Auliou(2000),Kanter's innovation questionnaire(1988),Rendsip's creativity questionnaire(1979)and Tierni et al.'s(1999)internalmotivation questionnaire were used,thevalidityof which was content validity byexperts and The structure was confirmed byaverage variance index and validityof Fornell-Larker and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha.

Transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational innovation and the correlation coefficient of this relationship is equal to 0.492.Also, transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on creativity, and the resulting correlation coefficient is equal to 0.548.The effect of transformational leadership on organizational innovation with the mediating role of employee creativity was not significant. Finally, it was concluded thatthe moderating role of the internal motivation variable in therelationship between transformational leadership and creativity variables was confirmed.

Theeffect of transformational leadership on organizational innovation with the mediating roleof employee creativitywas not significant.Finally,it was concluded that the moderatingrole of the internalmotivation variable in therelationship between transformationalleadership and creativity variableswas confirmed.

Knowing How To Support School Administrators Through Job Facilitation In Order To Empower Teachers In The Field Of Teaching Is One Of The Important Challenges Of The Country's Education System. Based On This, The Researcher Investigated The Supportive Leadership Style In The Role Of Job Facilitator And How To Empower The Teachers Of Exceptional Schools In Kurdistan Province. Quantitative Method Of Correlation Type Has Been Used In The Research. The Statistical Population Of The Research Includes All The Exceptional Schools Of Kurdistan Province And The Statistical Sample With The Full Enumeration Method Includes All The Teachers Of The Exceptional Schools Of The Province, Whose Number Is 202. The Collection Tool Includes Three Questionnaires (Supportive Leadership Questionnaire, Teaching Ability Factors Questionnaire, Facilitation Questionnaire) Which Includes The Main Objectives Of The Research. Data Analysis Has Been Done In Two Parts, Descriptive And Inferential Statistics. Mean, Mode And Median Were Used In The Descriptive Statistics Section, And Correlation Tests And Structural Equation Modeling Were Used In Spss And Amos Software In The Inferential Statistics Section. The Findings Showed That The Supportive Leadership Style Has A Positive And Significant Relationship With The Ability Of Exceptional School Teachers Due To The Mediating Role Of Facilitation.

Virtual learning refers to all forms of teaching and learning that are implemented and supported electronically and are based on values such as being student-centered, independent, self-directed, and active. The aim of this research is to examine the challenges in teaching and assessment within the virtual environment. To gather the findings of this research, we used a library-based method, which is classified as fundamental research. The investigations conducted regarding the challenges facing virtual learning showed that in this context, challenges can be observed for both students and teachers and parents. This is because children become overly dependent on visual and smart devices, which reduces learners' motivation and makes it difficult for some families to provide the necessary internet access. The use of this space has caused teachers to spend insufficient time teaching in their classrooms and to use other people's materials excessively, and real assessment in this space is quite difficult and not so widely accepted. Regarding the challenges of assessment, written assessments, classroom Q&A, class presentations, and electronic portfolios can be mentioned, which are all explained in detail in the text.

the researcher in the present study has examined the competencies required of school principals in the digital era. Due to the nature of the subject and the objectives of the research, a qualitative method has been used. Due to the fact that in this study, based on the perceptions and experiences of principals, assistant principals, and technology experts of schools, the required competencies of school principals are analyzed, therefore, the grounded theory qualitative strategy has been used. Participants in the study were 15 members of the school community who have had experience in participating in virtual courses. The research collection tool included an 8-item protocol containing the main objectives of the research. The justifiability of this protocol was confirmed by expert professors and its reliability was confirmed by reliability method. Individuals' perspectives on the coding process were analyzed using Nvivo software. The results showed that the most important competencies required for school principals in the digital era are summarized in 5 main components including: coordination and cooperation, the need for specialized digital knowledge, the ability to manage virtual systems, changing the structure and rules of the school and changing the Managers' role and style.

The higher education system is regarded as the first organized and systematic expression of higher sciences across the world in such a way that countless scientists turn to it to study in order to achieve pure thinking and reach the sublime levels of the frontiers of knowledge.‎ Because of the importance of this reviews university planning challenges; It has focused on the representation of the experiences of international students of the University of Kurdistan.

This study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data type. The sampling method was Snowball sampling which is a type of Purposive sampling. Sampling continued until data saturation; 15 participants were interviewed. The data gathering was through semi-structured interviews. In order to validate the data obtained, the accuracy of categorization and coding was investigated through re-presenting the concepts or categories described by the interviewees. Also, to obtain reliability, the codes that were presented to each category with the help of other researchers were evaluated. Finally, after agreeing on each one, the categories were coded. Strauss-Corbin (1967) method was utilized to analyze the conducted interviews.

based on the findings, five challenges were identified. These challenges include: 1. Cultural challenge 2. Financial challenge, 3. language challenge (Persian language) 4. challenges of rules and regulations and 5. technology, equipment, and educational space challenge. Using all types of technologies and methods in the realm of country’s higher education is suggested as a prerequisite for admission of foreign students.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of social support on academic satisfaction, emphasizing the mediating role of academic vitality.

Quantitative research method based on the type of data collection was descriptive and correlational. The research population included all students of the Faculty of Humanities and Literature of Kurdistan University in the academic year of 2021-2022. A sample of 315 people was selected using Morgan table and available sampling method. In order to collect data, three questionnaires of perceived social support, academic satisfaction and academic vitality were used. Correlation tests and structural equation modeling were used in SPSS and Amos software in the inferential statistics section.

The results showed that the significance coefficient value of the first research hypothesis was 99.979, which confirmed that social support directly affects academic satisfaction. The value of the significance coefficient for the second hypothesis of the research was 18.464, which confirmed that social support directly affects academic vitality. Also, the significance coefficient value for the third hypothesis was 41.797 and confirmed that academic vitality also has a positive and significant effect on academic satisfaction. Therefore, according to the confirmation of all three hypotheses, the fourth hypothesis of the research, that is the mediation of academic vitality in the relationship between social support and academic satisfaction, was confirmed. By confirming the mediating role of academic vitality, it was found that social support has an indirect, positive and significant effect of 0.897 on academic satisfaction.

According to the results obtained from the present study, it can be concluded that academic vitality plays a mediating role in the relationship between social support and academic satisfaction. A person who receives social support has more academic vitality, which is effective in increasing academic satisfaction.

Today, educational leaders in schools face many challenges, and these organizational challenges in the teaching and learning process, as the core of the school, have devastating effects.The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges of insightful educational leadership in educational organizations.

The research method was qualitative. Research area In this study, there were 15 school principals in Sanandaj city. During data collection, purposeful sampling strategy was used to select the study subjects or gatekeepers. During data collection, purposive sampling strategy was used to select the study subjects or gatekeepers of the research. Research data were collected using the data foundation method and semi-structured and in-depth interview tools. To analyze the data, the process of coding the strategy of data foundation theory, ie open coding, axial coding and selective coding was used.

Findings lead to the identification and confirmation of 3 main categories of visionary, centralized and challenging structure and 14 central codes of strategic thinking, relationship orientation, visionary leadership dynamics, inspiration, wisdom, inflexibility, cultural conflict, resistance to Change, passivity of the organization, being critical, having knowledge and technology, influencing the employees of the organization, discernment and professionalism and 160 codes were returned and also the results showed that the model extracted from the internal validity has a high.

Providing a practical model is essential to identify the challenges of insightful educational leadership in schools In order to pay serious attention to the challenges of visionary leadership in schools and try to solve them, schools should become organizations that are truly learners, educators.

In the age of accelerating changes and developments in electronic technologies, the irreplaceable role of e-learning in the development of education and educational management is not hidden from anyone. Teaching in cyberspace in corona has many challenges. Recognizing these challenges is itself a great effort to solve many problems in teaching and learning. Accordingly, the researcher in the present study has examined the experiences of school principals of barriers to e-learning in the days of the Corona virus pandemic. Due to the nature of the subject and the objectives of the research, a qualitative method has been used. Due to the fact that in this study, the perceptions and experiences of school principals of the problems and challenges of e-learning in their schools are studied and described, therefore, a qualitative narrative strategy has been used. Participants in the study were 18 members of the school community who had experience in participating in virtual courses. The research collection tool included a 7-item protocol containing the main objectives of the research. The validity of this protocol was confirmed by expert professors and its reliability was confirmed by reliability method. Individual perspectives on the coding process were analyzed using Nvivo software. The results showed that the most important challenges of e-learning in 9 main components include The results showed that the most important challenges of e-learning in 9 main components including lack of proper supervision of the learning education process, reduced quality of teaching education, lack of favorable social interaction, challenges and problems of parents, challenges of content production, disability and ignorance of teachers Dealing with technology, students 'physical and mental problems, social challenges and tensions, students' physical and mental problems, lack of proper infrastructure can be summarized.E-learning, manager's narrative, corona pandemic period

Today, social responsibility is one of the most important elements of the existential philosophy of organizations. Social responsibility means accepting the responsibility of an organization to socially responsible behavior, which is a desirable response to the demands of society and its influential groups.The purpose of this study is to achieve the perception of teachers and administrators of the concept of social responsibility. The present study was conducted in a qualitative and phenomenological manner by purposive sampling and through in-depth interviews with 18 teachers and principals in Sanandaj, of whom at least three years (teaching and management in schools) had passed in the Education Organization.The interview data collection tool was semi-structured. The analysis of the text of the interviews has been done by Dickelman et al. (1989) method. Which includes 47 sub-themes and 7 main themes which include:Responsibility to the organization, responsibility to social issues, responsibility to the various social roles of students, responsibility to parents, responsibility to the group, moral responsibility and individual responsibility. The results of the a present study can be used for education officials and other researchers interested in this field and provide a clear picture of the perceptions of teachers and principals of the concept.

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying parents' experiences of teaching in virtual space. The research method was qualitative with phenomenology. The researched community was all the parents of Kermanshah city. The sampling method was semi-structured interview.The results showed that the parents' definitions and characteristics of this type of education include: lack of time and place limitations, education by multimedia, increase in media literacy, lack of interaction and reduction of social communication, reduction of motivation and social responsibility, and affordable education. presented and stated that each of them helped their children according to their abilities, these abilities included: supervision and care of children, cooperation of parents with teachers, cooperation and guidance in the process of education and teaching, attendance at familiarization courses With virtual training. They presented experiences from their participation in this era, including: increasing parents' awareness of the education process, the challenge of students' dependence on technology, students' dependence on their parents, and involvement in the students' development process, which finally emphasized that disability Parents in virtual education cause things including: socio-moral problems, creating family problems and academic failure.The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying parents' experiences of teaching in virtual space. The research method was qualitative with phenomenology. The researched community was all the parents of Kermanshah city. The sampling method was semi-structured interview.The results showed that the parents' definitions and characteristics of this type of education include: lack of time and place limitations, education by multimedia, increase in media literacy, lack of interaction and reduction of social communication, reduction of motivation and social responsibility, and affordable education. presented and stated that each of them helped their children according to their abilities, these abilities included: supervision and care of children, cooperation of parents with teachers, cooperation and guidance in the process of education and teaching, attendance at familiarization courses With virtual training.

The body of research on second language (L2) teaching has documented and reported the usefulness of flipped instruction in enhancing foreign language development. Nevertheless, little research has explored the impact of flipped teaching on L2 reading comprehension. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flipped classroom on EFL learners' reading achievement and self-efficacy. In so doing, a total number of 48 Iranian EFL learners served as participants and were randomly assigned to an experimental group (N = 25) and a control group (N = 23). Employing a quasi-experimental design, the researchers utilized an experimental group that received flipped instruction via electronic materials and a control group that were instructed based on the regular method for a period of three months. The reading component of Cambridge Preliminary English Test (CPET) and the Reading Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (RSEQ) were administered to measure the reading comprehension reading self-efficacy of the participants. The outcomes of the study revealed that the students in the flipped group substantially performed better than those of the non-flipped group regarding both L2 reading achievement and reading self-efficacy. Overall, it may be concluded that EFL practitioners can incorporate flipped instruction into their reading classrooms in order to aid students to gain both confidence and competence in doing reading tasks more properly.

Organizations today expect their employees to be creative, to comment, and to be responsible because of fierce competition, customer expectations, and a focus on quality that characterizes a changing world. In Samani behavior, preventing the presentation of employees' opinions and views is called organizational silence. Silence does not only mean not speaking, it also means speaking or writing without credibility and authenticity. In addition, silencing can refer to silence, censorship, deterrence and repression, marginalization, underestimation, deprivation, and other forms of mitigation. Employees are actively involved in organizational activities based on organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational Silence Behavior Theory states that employees avoid disclosing their views and opinions based on an informed decision. Organizational citizenship behavior is an individual, voluntary, and extra-task behavior that is not organized directly or indirectly through the formal reward system and is generally effective in increasing the effectiveness of the organization (Zhang et al, 2017). The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational silence and organizational citizen behavior of primary teachers in Saqez. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of research method. The statistical population included all primary school teachers in Saqez city in the academic year 1300-1400 to 950 people, the sample size was estimated to be 247 people through the Cochran's formula for the target population. In this study, to collect data on organizational silence, the standard questionnaire of 15 questions of Morrison and Milliken organizational silence (Zakariapur, 2014) was used, which includes three components: senior managers 'attitudes to silence, supervisors' attitudes to silence and communication opportunities. Which was assessed by the Vacola and Boradas questionnaire. Also, to measure the organizational citizenship behavior of teachers, a standard 27-item questionnaire of organizational citizenship behavior of Markozi Vazin (Fakori, 2014) was used. This questionnaire was presented by the body according to the components of organizational citizenship behavior to measure organizational citizenship behavior in American cultural conditions. These components are: social etiquette, altruism, work conscience, chivalry, decency, personal coordination and protection of organizational resources. To measure each of the dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior, different terms have been used in seven separate categories with a range of four options. From very low to very high. whose reliability based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.874 and. 0/ 967, respectively was obtained. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and LISREL. The results show that All t-values of the study were higher than 1.96, which indicates a favorable relationship between explicit variables and latent variables; In such a way that components such as the attitude of senior managers and supervisors and communication opportunities in organizational silence and other components of organizational citizen behavior are well explain the main variable of the research. This value reports a significant relationship for the attitude of senior managers in the subset of organizational silence variable with a value of 9.15 to a very high degree. According to Friedman test, among the three variables of organizational silence, the component of communication opportunities in the first priority and the attitude of supervisors and senior managers in the second and third ranks, respectively. and based on the value (-0.73) there is a significant relationship between organizational silence and organizational citizen behavior and organizational citizen behavior is affected by 73% of organizational silence. The negativity of this value also indicates that with the decrease of organizational silence, the behavior of the organizational citizen increases and with its increase, the behavior of the organizational citizen decreases. The evaluation indicators of the model show that the model related to the variables of organizational citizen behavior and organizational silence has an acceptable fit. CFI indices (adaptive fit index), GFI (good fit index), IFI (incremental fit index), RFI (relative fit index) are all calculated above 0.90 which has a suitable value and indicates the desired fit and acceptance of the final model Although there is an atmosphere of silence in organizations, or in other words, supervisors reinforce behaviors that lead to employee silence, the attitude of top management to create silent behaviors and communication opportunities in the organization is low, this will cause It was found that employees in the organization are often silent about issues, followed by low attitudes of citizenship behavior. Since one of the indicators of reducing organizational silence is creating a participatory atmosphere and managers' communication with employees, so managers of organizations, especially educational organizations can reduce organizational silence by cultivating a positive environment in their organization and as a result Increase that organizational citizen behavior. According to the theoretical foundations, if employees are not allowed to express their opinions in the workplace, their level of organizational citizen behavior will decline. Therefore, the organization is deprived of creative ideas and thoughts of employees. Following the results of the research, it is suggested that managers and supervisors in the path of educational organizations, encourage their employees to explain their opinions and various issues and arrange the necessary support in order to achieve the desired goals. Also, by holding regular meetings with the employees of the organization, face-to-face conversations and interviews, identify the obstacles and challenges affecting the organizational citizenship behaviors and empowerment, and take appropriate measures in accordance with those obstacles and challenges. In this regard, organizations need organizational citizenship behavior by employees. For this reason, organizational citizenship behavior affects organizational performance by increasing the productivity of the human resources or manager, coordinating activities within and between working groups, and enabling more effective adaptation to environmental changes. In addition, encouraging and welcoming the employees of the organization in order to express creative and effective ideas in achieving the organization's goal is also important. One of the important limitations of the study was the coincidence with the outbreak of coronavirus, which made it difficult to reach the target population for data collection.

The current study was carried out to validate the indexes for measuring the perception of job inequality among teachers.

The present study is a basic research with a quantitative approach. For the identified validity, all teachers working in education in District 2 of Sanandaj city in the academic year of 1996-97 with a population of 2000 people were selected as the statistical population. Then, by analyzing the content of the theoretical foundations and research background and the experts’ views, the indexes and indicators of teachers' perceptions of job inequality after exploratory factor analysis, validation and elimination of weaker items (CVR) were identified. Participants in the study were selected using a Morgan table consisting of 338 teachers using a simple random method and responded to the research tool. The reliability of the questions was 0.84 with Cronbach’s alpha test for all components. Data value test was performed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis

The results showed that the indexes of perception of job inequality among teachers are the status of salaries and job benefits with 8 items, job promotion status with 9 items, gender-age-physical limitations with 11 items, and finally organizational accountability and role with 13 items.

These results show that the components approved in this study can be used to measure the perception of job inequality

The present study described in descriptive and correlation method to investigate the relationship between social responsibility and the effectiveness of schools. The statistical population of the study consisted of specific schools (sharpness, brilliant talent) in Sanandaj city has been 241. Considering the limitations of access to the statistical community of researchers, researchers have been sampling from the entire community. Statistical sampling using the Morgan table of 132 selected randomly responded to research tools. The data collection tool has two standard questionnaires. For social responsibility, the Carol questionnaire (1991) was used to collect efficacy data from Hui and Missel (1991) questionnaire. The validity and reliability of these questionnaires were confirmed in previous studies For data analysis as well as data status report, confirmatory factor analysis tests, T-test, Friedman and structural equations are used. The results of the research showed that social responsibility has a positive and significant relationship with school efficacy, and in this regard, it can be claimed that the teachers and the executive staff of the schools are more responsible for more effectiveness in schools. Regarding the status of the dimensions of responsibility, the value and importance of these dimensions in terms of teachers in teachers include moral, economic, social and legal dimensions.

Today, in our country, like other countries in support, the use of the benefits of information networks to learn in universities and schools is expanding that distant education is considered a distant factor that takes learning opportunities for everyone and wherever and at any time. Provides. The use of modern intelligence technologies and communication in the field of virtual education can be one of the options for filling out educational gaps in the absence of access to education. Virtual education has transformed the field of education, using network technology and has used network technologies to create, breed, transfer and facilitate learning at any time and place (Sharif Moghadam and Malekian individual, 1396). Online teaching has many positive and negative effects in teaching and learning, so the challenges of teaching and learning should be examined to determine what influences (positive) influential and negative (negative) are not effective. The present is seeking to examine it Life experiences of postgraduate students in Kurdistan University in relation to teaching online. For this purpose, all experiences of participants have been evaluated and evaluated from this virtual period. This research will be done with a qualitative approach and a theory of the theory. Grounded method Theory is a qualitative research method used to identify the infrastructure of the phenomenon of the study. (Frostakh, 1395, p. 95). The present study was conducted on the basis of the systematic GTM system of Strauss and Corbin (1998). In this researcher, the researcher should take a specific method and fan for analysis and implement stage coding in the open, axial and selection process and in the form of a Provide the final paradigm pattern. (Frostakh, 1395, p. 95). The research field included all Kurdistan university students in the academic year of 1399-1400, which has been held in virtual university systems in terms of epidemic of Corona virus. The sample has participated in the non-probability and in theoretical form of 55 in research. The interview is the most general method of collecting information in qualitative research. In this research, researchers have used semi-structured interviews tailored to the research objectives and the questions. In this research, analyzing and coding the text of interviews in the open, axial and selective process to provide a paradigm model. The results of this study showed that the students' challenges in five main categories include categorical interactions, class management, control and evaluation, communication infrastructure and environmental parasites. Finally, the main research model is based on the data obtained from the research and system model of the foundation data theory. The research data were collected from students at the university level and divided by colleges, at each section of all tried researchers to discuss students' experiences of teaching challenges in cyberspace and their views in the form of this research Be submitted. The results of the research are categorized in the form of five main concepts involving non-interactions of students and faculty members, class management problems, control and evaluation, infrastructure and environmental parasites. The concept of lack of interaction consists of five axial code and 31 open source. Problems and challenges of professors in the classroom discussion are also the result of 6 axial code 34, each of which has been addressed and part of the discussion of the professor's classroom. The discussion of control and evaluation was also one of the most important and influential issues related to education and teaching in cyberspace from the students' point of view, the concept was also the result of the output of 30 open source and 5 axial code. The concept of infrastructure problems, as well as another major challenging topics, are in the desired table, the problems of infrastructure, as well as its own options, and 7 axial code, and ultimately the concept of environmental problems or environmental parasites is another case and general challenges of students. It has been in the desired table. This concept is also the result of 17 open source and 6 axial code, each of which is part of this concept. In the present study, the results showed that these challenges are categorized in five main categories. It is natural that each of these cases is composed of concepts with different characteristics. The first challenge, which in the advertisement of 30 participants in the research, is the issue of not reducing the interaction in teaching and teaching cyberspace. Cases such as face-to-face communication and reduce team and group activities are an important issue for teaching in this space. The essence of their virtual training has been struggling with individual learning and reducing team communication, if there are certain and regular thoughts to increase the interactions of individuals in this space, naturally, many problems in this area will be created. The viewpoints of all theorists and researchers in this area, such as Dursun (2006) Gürsul (2010) çalõkan (2002) Aydõn (2001), the success of virtual training is due to the interactions and participation of students. An indifference towards student participation in the process of passing in their passivity in training and focuses on training and only the professors in the direction of activation. Managing virtual classes, as well as useful management of this period, is one of the most important issues, as well as the proper time to classes, as well as the preparation and compilation of proper content with this period so much. The content of this course is very different from other courses. Virtual systems are typically more dependent on the lesson plan and the optimal electronic content, if the content is weak, the quality of this period will be very impressed. The teaching method of instructors and most importantly, in this way, in this way, there are many qualitative and qualitative effects in the training process. Among all those cases as the challenge of students and had a lot of influence, the issue of evaluation was valuable and important. Among most perspectives to evaluate the instructors at the end of the course with many problems. One of the most important things that has been. The discussion of some students in the test has been in the test, and especially the end test tests. The fundamental problem that may be common among all the students of the country and the university of Kurdistan. The discussion of the infrastructure required for virtual education. Restrictions on Internet access, inappropriate digital tools and supervision of professors and students are all and all fixed problems that are seen in many forms in most articles and writings of virtual training. The challenges present in most cases along with similar cases with differences in other higher education centers are always raised. It is desirable that this kind of training has provided many desirable opportunities and opportunities that the University of Kurdistan himself with successful efforts in the last year has been successful in education in this area, which other researchers can investigate in this field. To do.

The present study investigates the relationship between organizational learning and organizational commitment among employees of Kurdistan University. Method-population of the study consisted of all employed employees (205 people). Using Cochran's formula, 143 individuals were randomly selected to participate in the study. The data collection tools were two organizational learning questionnaires: Watkins & Marick (1996) and Allen & Meyer (1997) organizational commitment questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaires was confirmed according to the experts' opinion. Reliability was also obtained by using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient 89% and 91% respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL statistical software.In the descriptive statistics section, the mean of standard deviations and inferential statistics were used by Pearson correlation coefficient, one-sample t-test and structural equation model. The results of this study showed that both main dimensions of organizational learning and organizational commitment among respondents are satisfactory and satisfactory. Also, there is a direct and significant relationship between organizational learning and organizational commitment (r = 0.56). The findings also showed that the highest variance of organizational commitment related to the dimension of the mental model, which is an aspect of organizational learning.

This research was conducted with the aim of examining the equality of job opportunities in the Education organization. The research approach was descriptive-analytic in general, and the statistical population consisted of three main communities of teachers, including teachers with teaching experience 1 to 4 and 5 to 30 years, serving in the 2nd District of the Education Department of Sanandaj as well as retired teachers of the last 5 years of in the same district, using the Morgan table number of samples. The population size foe this part of the research were 285 for student-teachers, 137 newly recruited (1-4 years), 338 for employment (5 to 30) and 140 (retired). The method of sampling in this step was random sampling and the method of data collection was multi-stage clustering. The utilized research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 5 components of salary and benefits, job promotion, occupational restrictions, job responsibilities and organizational external issues that are designed in 56 items. Validity of the questionnaire has been approved by the experts through the CVR test And the researcher has used Cronbach's alpha for reliability of the research with 0.80 Approval. Finally, due to the normality of the research data for the statistical data of the three teachers' populations, considering the normality of the research data (positive and negative), one-sample t-test, Friedman, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test To confirm or reject the hypotheses were used. The results of the research while confirming the mentioned components in order to determine the level of equality in the organization, indicate the general agreement of the three groups of teachers mentioned on the existence of job inequality in their organization. This agreement, with regard to the main components of the research in the field of prioritizing each of the areas of equalization in the organization, is divided into three groups with relative differences.

According to the significance and necessity of the present subject, researchers have investigated the attitudes of employed teachers in education towards job equality in employment and placement. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the employed teachers at the Center of Farhangian Campus in Sanandaj during the years 1392 to 1395. The research method was descriptive-analytical and a random sampling method was used to select representative sample., a sample including 285 participants was considered. Data gathering tool in this study was Wind Creek (1999) standard questionnaire, which included 8 main components and 38 items approved by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results demonstrated that teachers did not have a good attitude towards job equality in their employment and placement, and also there was a significant difference between the attitudes of four educated teachers about the main components Prediction, Luck, Careers, Feedback and Appearance, Stability, Flexibility of Questions, Behavioral Anchors, Bilateral Communications, and Specialized Content Questions. Finally, there was no significant difference in the viewpoint of teachers towards gender and equal job opportunities

This research was conducted to determine the effects of structural factors of spiritual leadership on spirituality at work regarding mediating role of organizational justice among high school teachers in Sanandaj City. The research based on the purpose, is a applied one, and based on nature and method of conducting the research, is a descriptive-correlational study. The population of this research was all of high school teachers in Sanandaj city, consisted of a sample of 384 people selected through simple random sampling. Meanwhile, 342 people of them submitted questionnaires filled completely. To gather the data, data of 3 standard questionnares of spiritual leadership, organizational justice and spirituality wrer used. so that the measure for the spiritual leadership questionnare was. /89, organizational justice was. /85 and spirituality at work was. /90. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression, structural equation test (to confirm the fit of conceptual model of the study) was used. The results showed that the direct regression effect of spiritual leadership on spirituality at work was. /67, indirect regression effect was. /13 and general regression effect of spiritual leadership on spirituality at work was. /80. Accordingly, it can be said that effect of structural factors of spiritual leadership and organizational justice on spirituality at work among high school teachers is significant and organizational justice conveys a meditating role between structural factors of spiritual leadership and spirituality at work among high school teachers.

The emergence of modern technologies has led to the development of e-learning. However we don’t consider e-learning per se as a separate educational system, that determine the type of education. But E-learning should be reflect the theories and techniques of learning and psychology. E-learning should be facilitate the application of these theories in the learning process. Based on this idea, the purpose of this research evaluation of consideration to the learning theories in e-learning courses shahid Beheshty University.
This research relied on qualitative research methods and content analysis approach and it is done based conle’s model for determine the main categories of learning theories. The research population consisted of the 330 elearning sessions for 22 subjects on faculty of education shahid beheshty LMS in the first semester of 1395-96 year. Sampling method was regular random including 56 e-learning sessions. Data were analyzed using the content analysis approach.
Finding: The results show that more activities in this courses based on behaviorism learning theory (51%). There are a little activities that engagement the learner in the learning process and based on new learning theory such as constructive theory (15%).

This study aimed to determine the relationship between motivation and objectives of social development with academic procrastination. The subjects, 275 (boys and girls) in the city of Marivan were selected. The instruments in this study were academic motivation, social development and academic procrastination questionnaires. For data analysis, stepwise regression and structural equation model was used. The results of stepwise regression showed that among the components of academic motivation of task components, competition, business social cohesion cookies and components of social progress goals (mastery, performance-oriented, performance avoidance) can predict academic procrastination. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the motivational education and social development goals can predict academic procrastination. The results of this research can be used to overcome procrastination and academic failure among students and increase student motivation.