سید رضا سلامی

Considering the importance and necessity of strategic planning to respond to a competitive environment, the purpose of this research is to formulate and prioritize the strategies of a large manufacturing company in the field of household appliances. To answer the research questions and identify internal and external factors and company strategies, all managers and senior experts related to the field in the company, approximately 70 people, were selected as the research community. To compile the SWOT matrix, some senior managers of the company were selected through purposeful sampling. In the next step, 65 questionnaires were distributed through random sampling, and finally, 57 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis in Smart PLS software. The findings of the research indicate that the company is in an acceptable position in terms of its strengths, but at the same time, the environmental threats are significant. Therefore, the proposed strategy for the company is a competitive strategy, which includes four sub-strategies: designing and developing new products with a focus on strategic and exclusive products, leveraging the experience and technical knowledge of experts to establish companies that produce high-end foreign spare parts with the aim of internalization, defining product quality improvement projects in line with customer needs, and increasing financial investment in the research and development department for product development.

Complexity, which is a key feature of many organizations' environments, has forced them to use external knowledge in addition to collaborating with each other and combining it with internal sources of knowledge. In this regard, it is necessary to provide an industrial agglomeration model to promote technological innovation in Iranian industries. By selecting grounded theory research method, this research explains and develops a conceptual model in the field of industrial agglomeration model to promote technological innovation in Iranian industries. The research method is mixed and in the qualitative part, interviews were conducted with 14 related experts. All the information extracted from the interviews was revealed in the form of concepts and categories and the connections between them. Finally, based on the concepts and categories developed, the research model was developed. In the quantitative method of the model, using the fuzzy Delphi method and distributing the questionnaire in three stages, the opinions of experts in the field, the importance of industrial density indicators and technological innovation and expert consensus, and prioritization of research indicators were examined. Considering the results obtained by experts and their agreed consensus in the development of industrial estates and the formation of industrial density to promote technological innovation in Iran's industrial estates, the components of government support for small and medium industries, government tax protection policies (for example, granting Tax exemption) and the natural benefits of the region are jointly ranked first and the rest of the components are ranked in the following.

Technological innovation is the backbone of New Technology Based companies and one of the main factors for survival and gaining a competitive advantage for these companies. Creating a continuous flow of innovations in these companies requires the formation of innovation capabilities. This research has been done with an in-depth study of eight new technology based companies in the medical equipment sector of Fars province with a historical approach with the aim of discovering the path of formation and development of this capability in these companies. Using structured interviews and observing and studying the available documents, the required data were collected and using thematic analysis method, semantic expressions were classified in the form of conceptual codes and then sub-main and main themes. Finally, the thematic map of the research is drawn. The results show that the path of formation of technological innovation capability in these companies includes four stages of focusing on finding solutions to solve customer problems, technical and engineering knowledge, regulating management functions and creating internal discipline.

Policy, science, and innovation policy indicators are important to provide the information needed to support evidence-based policy, as well as to provide effective monitoring and evaluation capabilities for policies. Also, due to the great complexity of the system of science, technology and innovation, designing a comprehensive model for policy-making in this area is one of the major concerns of policy makers and decision makers. The main purpose of this study is to design a linking model between the factors affecting the appropriate policy-making of the phenomenon of science, technology and innovation, as well as how the factors affect. By comprehensively reviewing the research background, a conceptual framework was extracted from the effective and shaping factors of science, technology and innovation policy. The current status and importance of these factors were questioned using a 56-item questionnaire. Using the data obtained from the questionnaire and SPSS software, Pearson simple correlation matrix was extracted and used as input of FCMapper software. Then, by entering the output of FCMapper software in Pajek software, a fuzzy cognitive map is drawn. According to the obtained results, the employment factor in the field of policy-making was identified as the most important factor among other factors. Finally, the most important forward and backward scenarios for science, technology and innovation policy-making in the science and technology corridor of Yazd province are examined.

Due to the complexity of science, technology and innovation system, policymakers and decision-makers are concerned by designing a comprehensive model for policy making in this field. Therefore, it is essential to understand and extract relationships of science, technology and innovation policy indices. The purpose of this research is to identify and establish the link between indices in the form of regional innovation system. For this purpose, in the first step, using the review of the literature of research as well as the use of experts' opinions, the most important dimensions of the model of policymaking of science, technology and innovation were identified. Then, in the next step, interpretive structural modeling technique was used to communicate and sequence between the main dimensions and presenting the relational model. According to the results, 56 indicators in eight main dimensions were ranked in five levels. With the validation of the model, using structural equation modeling, it was determined that the two dimensions of the institutions and resources of science and technology are the basic foundations of science, technology and innovation policy in the special field of science and technology in Yazd province that the policymaking process is practically from these two dimensions of the beginning gets.

Economic growth has been and will be of interest to economists and scientists in various human societies for a variety of reasons. Increasing wealth, prosperity, job creation and countless other things depend on the economic growth and development of a country. The goal of all economic theories has been to create growth and development. But each of these economic theories, according to the context of their formation, have introduced factors as key drivers of growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate and introduce the most effective drivers of economic growth in Iran (root causes) from the perspective of experts. For this purpose, the questionnaire and Delphi method were used and the results were extracted and analyzed by Mic-Mac software. In this study, optimal government policies and approaches, increasing transparency, following the example of developed countries and localization, stability of laws and its ease and increasing globalization of the economy, as the most effective drivers and focus of government to achieve optimal economic growth.

This paper analyzes the role of public policy measures in technological and market catch-up of some indigenous firms in the nanocoatings technology in Iran. A multiple case study approach was employed, and the qualitative data were analyzed using pattern-matching and cross-case analyses techniques. It finds that pre-commercial procurement has had a significant impact on the technological catch-up of the firms. However, without using other innovation measures such as public procurement, standards, and regulation, it is not expected that the firms will succeed in market catch-up. Thus, the study emphasizes the role of demand-side policy instruments to complete the catch-up cycle in nanocoatings technology.

Within about one decade, the growth of technology policy and management academic discipline (TPMAD) in Iran has been faced by some challenges. There is some evidence of heterogeneity within and between some elements of the discipline and there is no vision for development of it. Pursuing interpretative participatory policy analysis perspective, this study aims to explore and structure the problems and solutions of TPMAD development in Iran from the stakeholders’ view. We do this by content analysis and mapping their arguments. The results show 34 core points and 22 policy issues in the arguments, most of them have both educational and research aspects. In half of the issues there is high level of conflict between different views. Less than 30 percent of issues are structural and game changer. Decisions about these issues should be made based on actors’ consensus and supplying adequate facilities. Changes in 70 percent of the issues have chain impacts on the others.

Universities and industries are of the most important and influential institutions in social development, and economic and technological growth of societies. Therefore, the relationship development between them, due to it’s positive effects and outcomes in technological, economic and social changes, had been always under consideration by their managers, policy and decision makers, and plenty of efforts had been done in order to develop effective linkage between university and industry. In our country, great efforts had been done theoretically and practically to shape dynamic and effective collaboration in this respect. But until now, an appropriate and effective scientific and technological collaboration have not been formed, because the solutions and mechanisms designed to remove the obstacles and challenges have been ineffective. So, given the undeniable importance of the university and industry collaboration and in order to raise the level of our understanding and recognition of their relationships, it is tried to review the historical trends, main streams, goals and motivations, obstacles and challenges, mechanisms and factors effective on their collaboration. Finally, the relationship between these two institutions in Iran is investigated and some challenges, mechanisms and suggestions have been mentioned.

Universities in recent years, in addition to the production of knowledge also have an important role in sharing and transfer of knowledge. One of the approaches to the development and dissemination of knowledge, is the relationship between businesses and universities that are considered in various forms. At the micro level of analysis, relationship between industry and university can have a positive effect on firm performance. One of the main expectations of this relationship is the impact on a firm's innovative performance. The results of this study that is obtained from innovative performance and the university relationship of the number of companies have been located in Fars Science and Technology using a questionnaire, show the relationship with university of the companies,is in the low level.Also, this relationship could not have a significant influence on the performance of innovative companies. This result indicates that the current mechanisms do not have a relationship with the University of effectiveness and efficiency.

Today, there is increasing emphasis on innovation between large multinationals around the world. Some factors influencing this trend such as the increasing competition, overlapping of industrial boundaries, and shorter cycle of product life have led to the variant trade environment and highlighting innovation in Technological Collaboration. Technological Innovation’s Collaborations (TICs) emphasize on innovation impress as a focal concept in technological collaboration in order to improve innovative capability, change competitors to collaborators, and decrease R&D expenditures. First of all this research has surveyed different related indicators for TIC at petrochemical industry in Iran. Then, each of indicators has been classified and ranked. Having analyzed the literature of TIC along with feedbacks from experts, there are about 20 indicators for TIC in commercial petrochemical company, which have been formed in questionnaire framework. We gathered experts’ opinions by means of these forms. Finally, using some statistical methods like explorative factor analysis and variance analysis, the related indicators were weighted and ranked. These indicators have been ranked based on four dimensions namely characteristics of collaborator, methods of technological collaboration, the size of collaborator’s enterprise, and scientific-research. In this research characteristics of partner are a strong determinant and scored the highest rank. Therefore, learning about the partner with lowest risk and highest efficiency, negotiating with the partner, and developing innovative capabilities are undertaken to make TIC go more flexible and efficient.

«Science and Technology Park» as a part of national innovation system and a segment of knowledge based economic development، by providing necessary conditions for marketing researches and by trading the results of the researches، play an effective role in accelerating the procedure of transforming the ideas into the products and in developing the technology. For reaching these purposes a science and technology park _just like any other organizations_ necessarily must have some characteristics without which it cannot have an effective function based on requirements and targets. These characteristics are the main elements of a Science and Technology Park in a way that lack of any of them can bar the path of success. In fact these elements are the fundamental parts (unrepeatable ones) that they should have been reached as inductor purposes in order to reach the main purposes. In management literature، these factors are called “critical success factors«. In this research after examining the theoretical resources، the critical success factors of science and Technology Park mentioned in twenty eight factors set in four groups consist of: local factors، indicative factors، management factors and social and cultural factors، and then these factors evaluate by experts in mutual comparisons. The results indicate that among these four groups، the management factors are the most important ones and among those reached factors the following are considered to be the most significant factors: having strategy، purposes and definite planes، dominance of managers on discussions about science and technology parks، the existence of political atmosphere for supporting the park and its purposes، defining formal criteria for reception and attendance، evaluating and controlling the activities of resident firms in the park.

Today, foreign investment is known as one of the most important sources of funding and technology transfer modes in developing countries, that is because foreign investment, in comparison to domestic investment, includes competitive advantages such as accessibility to sufficient information, managerial skills, advanced technology and valid sources of funding., Due to high demand of large expenses and advanced technologies, foreign investment is a necessary and inevitable issue in oil refinery industries. In related to multiplicity of foreign investment modes, selecting the right mode of investment has been as one of the strategic decisions for investee countries. The present research, therefore, is designed to identify and prioritize the different modes of foreign investment in oil refinery industries. This paper is based on a research, descriptive-survey methodology. To analyze the gathering data used in this paper is based on statically and multinational attribute decision making techniques. The final results illustrates that using investment mode like Built, Operation, Transfer (BOT) has been considered to be the best method in comparison with other modes in this oil refinery industry.

One of the fundamental problems in developing countries is low work fortunes. One of the ways for sustainable employment is to establish and develop innovative SMEs in order to attract graduated work force. So, nowadays the roles of SMEs become more and more important. On the other hand, increase in marked change has made them to need more innovation. So for developing the innovation in the SMEs we need a precise planning. For this purpose, at first in this paper the innovation, it̉s types and also a model for innovation development will be described. Then the model of strategic planning for SMEs will be presented, and at the end; we will describe a seven step scenario planning model for developing a revolutionary innovation in SMEs. The different stages of this planning model includes Define scope of planning, Identifying focal issue(s), Identifying key driving forces, Classify/rank uncertainties, Develop scenario framework, Test for consistency/plausibility, and Capability/option planning.

Patent documentations include the rare information and the results of applied researches. The analysis of the patent information establishes a new insight about the research and business environment. The recognition of the patent analysis applications not only responds to many information needs and contributes to decision making in research centers, but also makes the researchers and managers familiar with and encouraged to the use of this new tool in research. Presenting a suitable conceptual framework to evaluate the rate of patent analysis usage in research centers is the object of this article. Another object, in this respect, is to determine the applications of the patent analysis. This is a qualitative research, and its results obtained by library studies, questionnaire, interview with the experts (semi-structured), researcher's contribution in research, and also by using the AHP technique. Finally, the hierarchical conceptual framework is recognized as a supreme (suitable) one and its sub-sections are determined. This structure is divided to macro (strategic), intermediate (competitive) and operational (technical) levels. Seventy five patent analysis applications in research centers are recognized in this structure and are presented in different classifications.

The main objective of this article is to study the role of intellectual property Rights (IPRs) in the technological development of development countries in general and Iran in particular. Firstly some of the main relevant literature of the role of IPRs in technological development has been surveyed. The performance of the IPRs system of the country and its interaction with national innovation system with some selected countries including japan S Korea and China has been discussed. Some internal and external experts in the area of IPRs have been interviewed. Finally some suggestions and policy implication regarding the improvement and promotion of IPRs system in Iran have been presented.