فهرست مطالب سید محسن میرباقری

Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the word of God, but critics of the Qur'an have always tried to create doubts against this divine book in order to cast doubt on the divinity of the Qur'an Considering the spread of these doubts in the recent centuries and the contexts of the emergence of this doubt, in this article, in a descriptive and analytical way, while explaining the literary doubt and the factors of its occurrence and emergence, the course of the emergence and development of such doubt in five The period from the era of descent to the late period has been investigated.The most important findings of this research are: In the era of the descent of the prophet's wisdom, he blocked the way of casting any doubts, while the lack of compilation of the rules of the Arabic language at that time ruled out such a doubt. During the period of the Imams (as) and companions, factors such as; The phenomenon of different readings, weakness in the Arabic script, the presence of similar verses and difficult words, became the basis for literary disputes in this age, which was met with the response of the Companions and the wisdom of the Imams (AS). By moving away from the age of texts due to the spread of conquests, the increase of new converts to Islam, and the hostility of Zandaqah, literary doubts have increased, Islamic thinkers tried to answer these doubts in their writings. In the recent period of disregard for literary rules and the hostile view of some orientalists, literary doubts have developed in a new format.

Using co-word analysis, the current study aims to investigate the trend of published research in the collective decision-making method as one of the most practical methods in different contexts of participatory governance. This study makes it possible to investigate the main topics of studies by studying published documents, combining metrics, and determining subject trend in decision-making. Using a quantitative approach and scientometrics techniques, this study aims at investigating scientific production in collective decision-making field in Web of Science as a reference database until August, 2022 (53 years ago). VOSviewer software and Excel were utilized to analyze the data and to present the charts. The distribution of publications rate in different countries and how they are distributed in authentic journals were investigated. 5173 keywords were found by investigating 1494 publications. The findings showed that the number of publications in this field has increased and the published keywords have changed from insects (such as bees and ants) to humanities fields (such as governance, participation, coordination, and cooperation). Because of the multiple challenges of the world’s governance systems in effectively managing communities, tensions, and disorders created in the relations between people and the government, participatory governance has attracted a lot of attention from the scientific community. The findings show that applying collective decision-making is an important method in participatory governance.

In today's dynamic societal structure, the active participation and involvement of people in decision-making, implementation, and monitoring processes are indispensable for the successful realization of any plan. The concept of participatory governance, central to the success of political and administrative systems, necessitates a comprehensive review of scientific publications in this domain. Experts in participatory governance face the daunting task of navigating through an extensive array of research documents to analyze the field's various strengths and weaknesses. This task, though crucial, is arduous and time-consuming given the sheer volume of literature available. Therefore, the utilization of scientific support tools to unearth and understand the conceptual framework of this area is both invaluable and necessary. The primary aim of this article is to address fundamental questions pertaining to scientific productions in participatory governance, a field increasingly recognized as vital in diverse scientific disciplines, particularly in political and governmental management. This evaluation is conducted using Co-word Analysis, a method that reveals the conceptual dynamics within the field.

The study embarks on an analytical journey through scientific productions in the domain of participatory governance spanning from 1999 to 2023, utilizing the Web of Science database as a reference point. To process and analyze the data, the study employs VOSviewer and Excel software, tools adept at illustrating the distribution of publications across different countries and their prevalence in various journals. This extensive examination encompasses 35,800 scientific documents, leading to the extraction of 70,771 keywords, each offering insight into the evolving landscape of participatory governance research.

The upward trajectory in the number of publications over the years underscores the growing significance attributed to participatory governance among researchers. A geographical analysis of these publications reveals that the United States leads with 8,862 documents, followed by England with 5,547, China with 3,833, Australia with 3,132, and the Netherlands with 2,799. A deeper dive into the subject matter of these documents indicates a predominant focus on environmental sciences, natural resources, ecosystems, and corporate governance. The Co-word Analysis further elucidates that "management", "network", and "policy" are the concepts most intricately intertwined with participatory governance.

The conceptual architecture of participatory governance, as delineated by this study, indicates that policymaking forms its core essence. The structural and operational coordination among various components, elements, institutions, and organizations predominantly hinges on network-based strategies, with governance being operationalized through management mechanisms. A temporal analysis of keyword co-occurrence patterns reveals a paradigm shift: from micro-level discussions centered around entities like companies and organizations in the years preceding 2010, to macro-level discourse focusing on broader themes like governance and politics as we approach 2022. These findings make a substantial contribution to advancing the literature in this field and provide a valuable resource for researchers aspiring to explore participatory governance. They offer insights into the current knowledge landscape and assist in steering future scientific inquiries. In alignment with these research trends, the article concludes by proposing avenues for further research to deepen the understanding of participatory governance.

Participatory governance provides the basis for people's decision-making, implementation and supervision by them in social and political relations, and after that, this model can lead to the growth and development of members of society, strengthening social capital, increasing justice and social cohesion. Through investigations, we can extract a lot of evidence about the importance and dimensions of participatory governance in religious teachings and traditions. One of the successful samples of participatory governance in the present era is the phenomenon of Arba'een Pilgrimage, which has attracted the attention of many politicians and researchers. Identifying the dimensions and effects of this rare phenomenon can clarify the way to achieve participatory governance in the social, cultural, political and economic fields. Therefore, important interviews have been conducted with Shia thinkers regarding the dimensions and effects of the Arba'een Pilgrimage. These interviews have been analyzed with the qualitative method of thematic analysis, and the indications identified in them have been categorized under the three-pronged model. This model provides indications of participation in the Arba'een Pilgrimage based on context, structure and content. By identifying the different dimensions of this great social participation and examining its implications, this phenomenon can be used as a successful operational model to realize participatory governance in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Introduction :

Participatory governance is an important approach that has attracted the attention of statesmen in the past few years, and it is used to bring people together with policies and use their capacity in implementation and monitoring. Urban management also uses this approach in the field of budgeting, implementing, and monitoring municipal projects. In this regard, one of the important plans that were carried out in Tehran municipality in 1401 is the “I am the mayor” plan, which aims to survey citizens for budgeting and prioritization of new municipal projects. 

This article aims to investigate and evaluate this plan’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats with the SWOT analysis method and then prioritize the extracted strategies using QSPM technique. This research was conducted using a qualitative (descriptive-analytical) method. Information was collected in the form of in-depth and semi-structured interviews. In this regard, 24 experts in the field of urban management and participatory governance were surveyed.

The results of this analysis show that proper accessibility, proper notification, considering the incentive system, and a quick review of proposals are the strengths of the plan; short plan implementation time, the possibility of registering fake comments, aggregating various preferences, and asking unprofessional questions are weak points of the plan; increasing social capital, strengthening social justice, reducing social problems, and greater productivity are plan opportunities; and limitation of resources, imposing opinions on all people, creating expectations in citizens, and lack of sufficient awareness of citizens are the threats of this plan. Based on the analysis, 8 important strategies have been presented in the form of a SWOT matrix. 

The results obtained from the QSPM analysis also show that among the developed strategies, the “Strategy of informing people about the results of plan implementation” and “the strategy of using various tools and methods for participation” are the most important. The selection of “Strategy of informing people about the results of plan implementation” as the most important strategy shows that people like to be aware of the results of their participation and to see the effects of participation in their lives. In the end, practical suggestions are provided for making more use of strengths and opportunities, as well as reducing weaknesses and threats. Finally, solutions for better implementation of participatory budgeting plans are recommended.

According to the structural ideology of the Shi’a, the Imam fulfills the role of guidance that is in line with his abilities for involving the mankind and the masses to the extent of the world by provoking hearts and souls in aims of leading people to their divine destination while he holds religious and political authority. The following impact of the Imam’s leadership is what is known as Wilāyat-e-Takvīnī (Formative Authority) which manifests as a practical form while also emotionally manifesting itself by affecting people’s hearts. The purpose of Wilāyat-e-Takvīnī is the power to hold tenure in the existing universe if Allah grants so; however, with compliance to Allah’s regards, this power becomes abundant and most reliably trusted for tenure in land. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical method with dependence on a library-like research method to render the realizations and impacts of such authoritativeness and ways to obtain it. Studies reveal that Wilāyat-e-Takvīnī is undoubtedly a definite attribute of the infallible Imams (as) and is not independent of Allah’s will and approbation, therefore, this principle is in agreement with both Tawḥīd and Wilāyat of Allah (Allah’s oneness and righteous propriety.) Following the previously elaborated doctrine, the principle of Allah’s Tawḥīd and Wilāyat encompasses both convictions of Wilāyat-e-Takvīnī and Hidāyat-e-Bātinī (inner guidance) while it establishes them in three separate domains; finally, it sheds light on the impactful fruition of Hidāyat (guidance) on the “heart” and “knowledge” while it presents itself in deeds, answers to prayers and increased abundance of blessings.

Participatory governance is one of the most successful approaches to public policy and management. This approach reduces many social and political tensions and challenges and leads to an increase in social capital. But the lack of knowledge of the effective methods and tools in this approach has prevented the optimal use of this approach. In this article, the methods and tools of participatory governance in the field of politics are examined. The method of this research is content analysis, and using this method, data has been collected and checked with the help of library and internet sources, and then, by analyzing the collected data, the methods and tools of participatory governance have been extracted. In the following, with the help of 31 experts and academic and organizational experts in this field, the desired components have been identified with 16 indicators and in two main categories of methods and tools. The findings show that 8 methods of voting, surveying and polling, consultation, collective decision-making, production of common literature, networking and team building, information sharing, and collective work are among the most important methods of implementing participatory governance, and 8 tools such as virtual platforms, free-thinking seats, elections, marches, Friday prayers, gatherings and protests, social media, and think tanks are among the most important political tools of participatory governance in the country.

Participatory governance is one of the successful approaches in public management and community administration. This approach reduces many challenges and problems in society and leads to an increase in social capital. To solve complex and multi-layered social issues and problems, successful governments work hard to improve public participation. But sometimes the lack of knowledge of effective methods and tools in this approach makes it not optimally used. In this article, the methods and tools of participatory governance in the socio-cultural field are examined. The method of this research is content analysis and using this method, data has been collected and checked with the help of library and internet sources, and then, by analyzing the collected data, the methods and tools of participatory governance have been extracted. In the following, with the help of 32 experts and academic and organizational experts in this field, the desired components have been identified with 17 indicators and in two main categories of methods and tools. The findings show that 8 methods of voting, surveying and polling, consultation, collective decision-making, production of common literature, networking and team building, information sharing, and collective work are among the most important methods of implementing participatory governance and 9 tools such as social media, social innovators, voluntary groups, a system of criticisms and suggestions, virtual platforms, educational texts, art, commanding good and forbidding evil and holding meetings are among the most important social and cultural tools of participatory governance in the country.

In order to achieve the desired standardization in the field of artificial intelligence and its accurate evaluation and to build trust in the processes and systems based on artificial intelligence, it is necessary to review the standards developed in this regard at the international and national level.Due to the wide and important applications of artificial intelligence, today artificial intelligence standardization is on the agenda of most standardization organizations.the purpose of this research is comparative study of organization and international institutions for standardization of artificial intelligence , the european telecommunications standards institute , the international telecommunication union and also the national institutions and institutions such as the german standardization institute , england and denmark as valid and pioneering organizations in the field of artificial intelligence . the results indicate that due to the high importance of artificial intelligence and the importance of countries to it , the international organization for standardization has devoted its activities to standards related to artificial intelligence .the results indicate that due to the high importance of artificial intelligence and the importance of countries to it , the international organization for standardization has devoted its activities to standards related to artificial intelligence .Also, the survey of artificial intelligence standardization organizations shows that among the eight main areas of artificial intelligence, the highest number of standard document compilations has been done in the field of artificial intelligence concepts and the lowest number of standard document compilations has been done in the field of natural language processing. The results of this article can create a new insight for future forecasting and prioritizing the importance of artificial intelligence areas for managers and significantly contribute to the process of artificial intelligence standardization.

Many books and articles have been written in the past and present about the doubt of contradiction and conflict in the Qur'anic verses, but each of these works have looked at the issue from a different angle and sometimes they have investigated a specific type of doubt and conflict. The claim of literary inconsistency in the Qur'an is It can be in accordance with the reality that is not compatible with the order and style in Arabic poetry and prose. Therefore, it is still necessary to investigate the doubts of contemporary researchers and orientalists about the literary inconsistency of the verses, to count the different types of this doubt and to scrutinize the claims of the claimants of this doubt.this article has compared and analyzed the position of suspicion of some verses of literary incompatibility with common rules in Arabic texts. The findings of this research were as follows; Part of the doubts related to literary inconsistency in the Qur'an is due to the lack of sufficient mastery of the rarely used rules in Arabic poetry and prose, because the literary and rhetorical rules of the Qur'an are composed of two general and specialized parts, the general part of which is widely used and the specialized part of which includes exceptions and few rules. It is used. Its less used part is common and customary in Arabic poems and texts. The common composition and order in many of the ambiguous verses of literary suspense correspond to the rarely used and elegant rules in Arabic poetry and prose. It is obvious that the critics of the Quran have set only the general rules of Arabic literature as the criteria for literary inconsistency in the verses of the Quran.

The concept of livelihood culture from the perspective of the Qur'an shows the correct method of business and consumption for human beings and acquaints them with the Qur’anic teachings in this category. Since two groups of religious scholars and rulers are influential in the interest, corruption, and destiny of society, studying and explaining the model of livelihood and pursuing the reform of their behavior, based on the Qur’anic culture of livelihood, seems to be necessary. This article aims to extract what is necessary for business and consumption in the livelihood of religious scholars and rulers from Qur’an and Hadith and express the components of their livelihood culture so that it is possible to demand from them based on Qur’anic citations and narrations. When the preacher of religion wears the dress of a ruler of society and so the ruler is selected among the clergy, the importance of the issue is doubled and so his duties in affairs of livelihood would be much more. Therefore, this theoretical research, through a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to find the components of the livelihood culture of rulers and preachers and then examine the compatibility of these social groups.

The main issue in management science is decision making, and the success or failure of any manager can be considered dependent on his decisions. One of the methods that can help a lot in the correctness of managers' decisions is collective decision-making. This article tries to explain the concepts related to collective decision making and then the most important questions related to this method are answered using the grounded theory method. In this article, using the semi-structured interview, the opinions of 36 organizational and academic experts have been used. After collecting data through interviews, the components were coded openly, axially, and selectively. The results show that there are 35 concepts around the central phenomenon of collective decision-making that can be divided into 6 categories: causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, central phenomenon, strategies, and consequences. An important innovation of this paper is the presentation of a collective decision model using the grounded theory method that can convey useful information to managers in a concise manner, and motivate them to use this method.

To achieve the optimal model for assessment space projects in Iran, it seems necessary to study similar models in other reputable organizations. The purpose of this study is a comparative study of assessment models in Space Agency of European, NASA, and Russia. The assessment of space projects is done in the framework of internationally approved standards, by referring to the latest documents and related standards of these organizations, Content related to project assessment models have been collected to identify critical points in assessment a space project. Also, by evaluating the assessment models of these organizations and analyzing the relevant standards, the most important indicators in designing an assessment model have been determined. The results show that technical risk assessment, safety, scheduling, and budget are the most important assessment variables of a space agency assessment standard.

The purpose of this article is to design a collective decision-making model based on the fundamentals of Islamic society. Group decision-making is the process by which a group of people makes a single decision on a particular issue to achieve their goals. To understand the path to achieving a group decision, one must first identify the factors that affect it.

The method of this research was content analysis and using this method, the data are collected and reviewed using library resources. Then, with the analysis of the obtained data, the important features of decision-making in Islamic foundations are identified and the process of reaching a collective decision becomes transparent. Then, with the help of 21 academic and organizational experts in this field, the model was designed with 19 indicators and three main components of common beliefs, cognitive rationality, and practical rationality.

The findings show that the identity of Muslims is differentiated from non-Muslims in the form of four relations of the human relationship with God, the world, society, and oneself.

The authors of the article conclude that if a group has the same cognitive rationality, it can achieve the same practical rationality, which leads the group to attain a common decision and ultimately team work.

Familiarity with Quranic culture in the field of livelihood and adapting attitudes, behaviors and ethics to it is necessary and practical. The present article is a theoretical research that seeks to discover the culture of livelihood instruments from the verses of the Qur'an through exploratory analytical methods in order to achieve the desired acquisition and consumption of the Qur'an. Therefore, first the principles and type of attitude of the Qur'an to the subject of livelihood, including belief in God's sustenance and trust in divine promises, heresy and abandonment of worldliness, correct attitude to property and acceptance of the tradition of affliction are examined and then the moral behavioral implications in The culture of livelihood is studied from the perspective of the Qur'an, each of which in some way expresses the correct culture of livelihood. Prioritizing these factors and finding the structure of livelihood components according to the weight of the relevant Quranic verses is one of the achievements of this article.

Participatory governance is one of the successful approaches in the world in the field of governance. Surveys show that providing a participatory governance model following the religious foundations along with the cultural and social issues of the country will help a lot in solving governance challenges. The research purpose is to present a conceptual model of participatory governance in Iran based on the foundation's data analysis. The tool used to collect information in this study was a semi-structured interview that used the opinions of 27 experts in this field. The sampling method was purposeful. After collecting the data, based on the grounded theory method, the concepts are coded openly, centrally, and selectively. With the coding performed, 25 concepts were obtained which were classified into 5 categories: causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences and are presented as a model for the central phenomenon of Participatory governance. The findings show factors such as not feeling the need for participatory governance and understanding its benefits, the distance between the elites and the people with the governing institutions and increasing tensions, weakness of collaborative work culture, weakness in reaching understanding and gathering opinions, inadequate understanding of people's behaviors and mental models and the different nature of governance in Islam and the West are the causal conditions of participatory governance. Also, factors such as increasing progress in the country, increasing cohesion in society, increasing justice in society, and increasing productivity in the country are the most important achievements of participatory governance in the country.

Finding the principles of passive defense from the perspective of verses and hadiths to deal with Subsistence crises is a necessity for the individual and society. Economic crises are caused by human factors (such as war, sanctions and economic blockade) or natural factors (such as famine, earthquakes, floods and droughts). The present research has explored the ways of immunity against economic threats, damage and attacks. In the following, by examining the verses of the Holy Quran and analyzing the validity of the extracted components, it has been tried to present and explain operational solutions to stay safe and defend against Subsistence attacks in the two areas of insight barriers and behavioral barriers. According to scientific researches in the field of passive economic defense, another mission of this article is to compare the results of those researches with the discovered Quranic narrative solutions. Prioritizing the deterrents against threats to Subsistence according to the weight of the relevant verses and presenting it in the form of tables and graphs is one of the achievements of this article.

Managers of organizations seek to increase productivity in their employees. Human capital is also known as one of the most effective and valuable resources and one of the most important tools to increase productivity in human resources is to promote motivation. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize employee motivational factors based on the value system of military research organizations. Due to the many similarities that military research organizations have with each other, managers of other similar organizations can improve and enhance the motivation of their employees with the help of identified and prioritized factors in this research. This research in terms of collecting data is applied and in terms of purpose is descriptive-exploratory. The method of collecting data is library and field data and the collection tool is a questionnaire whose validity has been confirmed by the opinions of 32 members of experts and academic professors and has been used for its reliability by Cronbach's Alpha. In this research, using relevant backgrounds all components of motivation were identified. Finally, after interviewing the experts, five main factors including "managerial and structural", "scientific", "welfare facilities", "individual-motivational" and "psycho-motivational" and 43 sub-factors were selected. The data analysis method is used to identify the motivational factors of a single sample T-test and for prioritizing motivational factors is used the Friedman test. Therefore, 32 responses of experts were collected and tested with a single-sample t-test using SPSS software. The result of the research shows that the impact of each of the five main factors and 42 sub-factors is on the motivation of the organization's employees. The result of Friedman's prioritization also showed that the "individual-motivational" factor has a top priority.

Collective decision-making is the process by which a group of people makes a single decision on a particular issue to achieve improvement by realizing their goal. Collective decision-making is known as one of the most important ways to achieve optimal decision-making. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the dimensions of collective decision-making and to answer a set of related questions in this field via a systematic literature review (SLR). In this regard, in the first part, the collective decision-making will be introduced and the SLR protocol will be examined in 5 steps. In the next section, the most important keywords and areas of research are identified and a co-word analysis map in the field of collective decision-making is drawn for the period between 1990 and March 2021 on the Web of Science. In the following, research questions will be answered. In response to these questions, the need for use and examples of the use of collective decision-making is stated. Then, effective factors in collective decision-making are examined and the way to reach a collective decision is explained. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of collective decision-making are discussed and its methods and tools are described. Also, models of collective decision-making are given as a sample and an analysis of the results is provided.

Many organizations and companies are looking for solutions to create regular and formal processes for project management that leads to higher discipline in conducting current projects in terms of time, budget, and quality level. Task description and various goals can be expected based on the needs and characteristics of an organizations, from setup to the project management office deployment. The most important expectation from the project management office is to create regular and integrated processes for project management in the form of a unified project management structure. Accordingly, the present study, using the previous research, aims to identify and explain the dimensions that guide organizations in using project management offices. The identified dimensions are presented as the requirements for the implementation of the project management office project model. In this research, the importance and necessity of the project management office was firstly stated and after expressing theoretical and conceptual models of the project management office, the project management office structure was described. The conceptual model of the research was presented and the elements of the conceptual model was identified. The Likert-scale questionnaire was composed using library and online studies, and was confirmed by the organization experts. To analyze the data, a military research organizations was selected as the case study. Using SPSS software, first the assumption of normal variables was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and then using the t-student’s test, the status of each of the components of the project management office was evaluated. The approved components of the project management office presented in three main components of planning (project portfolio), delivery (plan and project) and the center of excellence in the form of 17 sub-components.