سید محمد سادات حسینی

This research is considered by considering the analysis of the road network after the crisis in Gorgan according to various influencing factors and access criteria for network analysis, after determining the effective criteria according to the opinions of experts using a questionnaire collected from 20 experts and After examining the reliability of the questionnaire by Cronbach's alpha method, factor analysis was performed to determine the important effective factors in providing services to people after the crisis. - Paying attention to the channels, observing the distance and privacy from rivers and streams, 3- Access to the communication network with the function of 2nd degree arterial roads, etc., were prioritized, in which the special effect of access and transportation networks. The result was. Furthermore, considering that the research method is spatial and network analysis in GIS environment, all effective factors in post-crisis conditions, travel time, route performance, distance related to Network criteria in Gorgan were analyzed in GIS environment. Finally, according to the knowledge of different layers in the network in the current situation and also access to vehicle-centered relief points, the situation of the road network was analyzed after the modern crisis. In the final part of the research analysis, in order to control the proper access of different relief areas of Gorgan to 11 relief bases using network analysis tools and its criteria such as travel time, road performance, distance, etc., the functional radius of these bases is analyzed. The output of the network analysis showed that all 11 stations are in good condition, with the difference that in some parts, due to the lack of service level in the city road network, it is necessary to locate several fire stations and the Red Crescent.

The human factor has always been one of the most important causes of traffic accidents, and the most important reason for a driver to be at fault when an accident occurs is his distraction. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the amount of distraction of passenger car drivers on the streets of Tehran and the most important causes of their distraction. The current research is of field type with descriptive and survey data analysis method. For this purpose, data collection was done in two ways, including field observations and surveys in 12 different intersections of Tehran city, including 4 highways, 4 main streets, and 4 secondary intersections.Field observations of a total of 4,800 drivers passing through these roads showed that the amount of distraction of the drivers is higher on the secondary roads than on the main roads and on the main roads than on the highways. Also, no significant difference was observed in the amount of distraction of men compared to women. In the investigation of the most important causes of distraction after field observations and also a survey of 240 drivers, agents talking on a mobile phone or being busy with it to send text messages, dialing, etc., paying attention to billboards, people and shops around the roads and talking to passengers They were recognized as the most important distraction factors for drivers in Tehran.

The status of the transportation network and the response time of relief organizations are important, which should be considered the level of service of vehicles from the centers to different places in urban areas due to the traffic networks and the restrictions they have on these places. Note the contract. The purpose of this study is to provide a post-disaster vulnerability analysis for designed transportation networks in Gorgan, which is one of the most important earthquake-prone cities. This research is considered by considering the analysis of the road network after the crisis in Gorgan according to various influencing factors and access criteria for network analysis, after determining the effective criteria according to the opinions of experts using a questionnaire collected from 20 experts and After examining the reliability of the questionnaire by Cronbach's alpha method, factor analysis was performed to determine the important effective factors in providing services to people after the crisis. - Paying attention to the channels, observing the distance and privacy from rivers and streams, 3- Access to the communication network with the function of 2nd degree arterial roads, etc., were prioritized, in which the special effect of access and transportation networks. The result was. Furthermore, considering that the research method is spatial and network analysis in GIS environment, all effective factors (such as access to the network of high-penetration roads, level of service of roads in post-crisis conditions, travel time, route performance, distance related to Network criteria in Gorgan were analyzed in GIS environment. Finally, according to the knowledge of different layers in the network in the current situation and also access to vehicle-centered relief points, the situation of the road network was analyzed after the modern crisis. In the final part of the research analysis, in order to control the proper access of different relief areas of Gorgan to 11 relief bases using network analysis tools and its criteria such as travel time, road performance, distance, etc., the functional radius of these bases is analyzed. The output of the network analysis showed that all 11 stations are in good condition, with the difference that in some parts, due to the lack of service level in the city road network, it is necessary to locate several fire stations and the Red Crescent.

Today, with the increasing statistics of accidents, it shows the necessity of creating safety and traffic engineering on the roads, in order to reduce accidents; then accident-prone points must be identified, so that the necessary measures can be taken in this direction. This research aims to identify and analyze the accident-prone areas of Hamadan city.

The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical and inferential in terms of its nature and implementation method and is of a quantitative type. Using the accident statistics of Hamadan city in 2022, regarding the segmentation of roads, and with the methods of identifying accident-prone areas, including accident frequency method, accident rate and equal index, accident-prone parts have been identified and ranked.

In this research, it was shown that if the method of frequency of accidents is detect the accident-prone points, highway passages are determined as the accident-prone points, but if the accident rate method is used, the intersections squares are the accident points are identified and if the same method is used, the boulevards and highways will be an accident-prone spot.

In this research, it was shown that different methods of determining accident-prone points give different results, and for this reason, it is necessary for researchers to choose the appropriate method depending on the type of their research. This research is also interesting for municipalities, highways and traffic police to pay attention to the type of roads in the reports related to safety.

One of the most important causes of traffic accidents is the drivers’ distraction. According to the analysis of accidents in Iran, the main cause and the highest percentage of the causes of all accidents, which is about 48%, was related to not paying attention to the front. Distracting while driving means deviating the driver's attention from safe driving and diverting the driver's attention to activities that are contrary to the task of safe driving. The innovation of this research was that it seemed that the amount of distraction was different in different passages and between women and men, so it was necessary to conduct a research and scientifically measure and compare this difference. This research is conducted with the aim of investigating the distraction level of car drivers in different roads of Tehran. The current research is of a field type with a descriptive and inferential data analysis method. For this purpose, data collection has been done in the form of field observations in 12 different intersections of Tehran city, including 4 expressways, 4 main streets and 4 secondary street. Data analysis is done descriptively and inferentially using Excel and SPSS software. Field observations of about 4,800 drivers passing through these streets showed that about one-fifth of Tehrani drivers are distracted while driving. The amount of distraction of the drivers is more in secondary streets than in main streets and in main streets more than in highways. It is also found that there is no significant difference for distraction of men compared to women.

Goal: 

Among the different kinds of traffic equipment, traffic signs have a great impact on guiding and choosing the route of drivers. But which signs have the greatest impact on accidents varies depending on the road conditions. Research was needed to investigate the relationship between accidents and the lack of any kind of traffic signs. Given that signage is an inexpensive solution to increase safety, if safety can be increased by installing signs on a rout, it would be the best option to increase safety.

In this research, by field survey of Qazvin-Karaj freeway rout, deficiencies of traffic signs including : mandatory signs, deterrent signs, and warning signs and control cameras on the map of Qazvin-Karaj freeway rout were identified using Arc GIS software. Then, using the traffic statistics of this rout, the relationship between the number of accidents and the lack of traffic signs was investigated.

There is a significant relationship between the lack of warning signs and fatal accidents, but no relationship was observed between the lack of mandatory and deterrent signs and accidents. In other words, wherever there is a shortage of warning signs, the number of accidents is higher than in other places.

It can be expected that on roads where there is a safety problem, as a cheap and fast solution, traffic agencies will pay more attention to install warning signs and traffic police should closely monitor the correct installation of these signs.

Demand for travel in Tehran, in line with the movement of people to work, increases in the morning from different areas to the city center and in the evening from the center to other areas. Therefore, in the network of urban thoroughfares, one can find highways that are crowded in one direction in the morning and in the other direction in the evening. By allocating a lane from a not crowded to a crowded time at different times of the day, arrangements can be made to reduce the volume and congestion of highways. In this research, by implementing a part of Hemmat highway in Aimsun simulation software, it has been investigated to what extent this method improves the traffic situation. Input information to the software such as traffic volumes, vehicle dimensions, vehicle speed, number of lanes and lane width were obtained from the field study and output parameters including delay, speed, travel time, distance traveled and fuel consumption from the software output. To do this, the current state of the study area and the proposed scenario, ie assigning a band from not crowded to crowded, were implemented in the simulator software, and the results of their simulation were compared. Based on this, at the peak of the morning, the route changed to 5 lanes from 4 lanes and the return route changed from 4 lanes to 3 lanes and vice versa.

Demand for travel in Tehran, in line with the movement of people to work, increases in the morning from different areas to the city center and in the evening from the center to other areas. , an area including Shahid Hemmat Highway has been examined. Based on the simulation in Aimsun software, according to traffic input information such as vehicle volumes, vehicle dimensions, vehicle speed, physical parameters including delay, speed, travel time, mileage and fuel consumption index has been extracted. First, traffic volumes were counted at different times of the day and traffic information, including peak hours, was obtained from traffic volume information. In the next step, the speed of the vehicles,, after drawing the researched network in the software environment, the collected information including the equivalent rides, speed and capacity has been entered into the Aimsun software. Then, the current situation of the study area is compared with the proposed scenario, ie allocating a lane from solitude to crowded direction. Based on the simulation results, it was found that at the peak of the morning, the conversion path to 5 lines from 4 lines and the return path conversion from 4 lines to 3 lines improve performance indicators including latency, speed, travel time, density.At the peak of the evening, if the route is changed from 4 lines to 3 lines and the return path from 4 lines to 5 lines, it will improve performance indicators

The high number of traffic accidents in the country shows that there are many problems in the country's traffic management. However, many people are willing to cooperate and participate in solving traffic problems, so it was necessary to conduct a study that shows the acceptance of traffic experts in attracting people's participation in traffic management. In this study, by identifying the methods used in other countries to attract public participation, a survey was designed to examine the opinion of 44 traffic police officers on the possibility of attracting public participation for law enforcing the violating drivers and making the making the roads more safe. The results of this study showed that traffic police officers generally agree with public participation in enforcing the law of violating drivers, although they consider it necessary to equip people with equipment to document violations. Police officers also agree with public participation in safe making the roads. Due to the agreement of traffic police officers with the participation of the public, traffic-related institutions can attract and organize volunteers and reliable people to participate in traffic management. These individuals must be equipped with equipment to document violations to participate in law enforcement of violating drivers.

 Many goods transported to Afghanistan pass through Sistan and Baluchestan province by Afghan drivers. The characteristics of used cars and their drivers are different from Iranian cars and drivers and do not meet the requirements of Iranian laws and regulations. Therefore, it was necessary to conduct a study to investigate the impact of these vehicles on road accidents in this province.

The present study is descriptive with a survey approach. The statistical population includes traffic staff including commanders, deputies and accident experts. 227 people were selected by available sampling method to answer the questionnaire. In this study, the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS 20 software was used for data analysis.

The survey showed that according to the respondents, there is a significant difference in the rate of accidents of Afghan and Iranian transit vehicles in the Zabul-Zahedan rout. According to the respondents, there is a big difference in the impact of human factors and the condition of Afghan and Iranian vehicles on their accidents. But environmental and road factors have the same effect on accidents in both Afghan and Iranian vehicles.

Considering that according to experts, the situation of Afghan vehicles and drivers has an impact on road accidents on the roads of Sistan and Baluchestan province, it is suggested that the relevant institutions have more control over the situation of these vehicles and their drivers.

Rate of accident among the motorcyclists is very high in Iran and insurance companies cost a lot for these damages. However, motorcyclists’ behavior and their circumstance are not the same, and motorcyclists drive with different risks. In this research, the effect of motorcyclists’ characteristics and their circumstances on their rate of accident is studied, using motorcyclists’ accident reports. It is shown, that, risk of accident varies for different provinces. In addition, it is shown, that age and driving experience have significant effect on the risk of accident. Based on these result, it is suggested, that insurance companies calculate insurance price or its discounts according to the motorcyclists’ characteristics and their habitancy. This can impulse risky motorcyclists to be more cautious and can impulse government agencies to build safer roads. Considering that, different provinces and different motorcyclists have different risk of accident; insurance companies can achieve more profit using unequal pricing policy.

Carpooling is a method in which people whose place of residence and work is located in the same area, find each other and arrange to travel in one personal vehicle. This is one of the methods of traffic demand management that is a helpful way for sustainable development. Therefore, it is important to expand the use of this method among the people in society by examining the factors affecting the tendency for carpooling. In this study, an attempt was made to examine different cities in order to have more validity. According to the parameters that could affect the use of carpooling, a number of them were selected and a questionnaire was designed according to the effective factors. In this study, using linear regression method, it was found that the parameters of private car ownership, difference in working hours, access to public transportation and being near to the city center affect the reception rate of carpooling. A linear model was obtained by which the number of carpooled trips can be estimated for different work places..

One of the reasons for many traffic accidents is the delay in seeing the obstacle. The city of Khorramabad, due to having many intersections, old alleys and boulevards with dense and unsuitable plants on its outskirts, is facing many problems due to visual barriers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of sight barriers on accidents

The method of the present research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical, and quantitative in terms of nature and method of implementation. In this study, some intersections, boulevards and side streets that are similar in terms of traffic volume and geometric features, but one of them has a visual impairment and the other does not, have been selected and compared in pairs. The data collection tool in this research is the information of the existing accidents and the com form of the accident sketches drawn by the accident expert officers in 1397 in the traffic police of Khorramabad.

The results of this study have shown that there is a significant effect between the presence of visual barriers on the side of the road and the increase of accidents. more than.

Because removing visual barriers is one of the low-cost measures to increase traffic safety in the city of Khorramabad, so the municipality can prevent accidents largely by removing the visual barriers more carefully and strictly.

Goal: 

Among the environmental factors, meteorological factors, like fog, dust, wind, and rain can be countered. Driving in heavy dust is a risky condition. In this research the effect of dust on the accident rate is studied.

Statistics of accidents in dusty days that sight distance decreases to less than 500 meters is compared with the days after and the day before.

This comparison stablished that dust increases the accident rate. In addition, dust has a meaningful effect on main cause of accidents and increases the number of accidents caused by the lack of front attendance and over speeding. It is also shown that dust decreases number of motorcycle accidents and increase number of light vehicle turnovers.

Considering the fact that it is shown that dust has an undesirable effect on traffic accidents, it is advisable to teach the drivers for driving in dusty situations. In addition, police and emergency agents using suitable strategies in dusty condition can reduce the undesirable effect of dust on traffic accidents.

Tehran as a metropolitan is faced with numerous traffic difficulties. One of the proposed solutions is building subway transit lines. Subway stations have some side effects on the peripheral streets, including taxi and private car parking violations around the stations’ entries. In this research, the effect of subway stations on the traffic of peripheral streets is studied. As a case study, one of the subway stations near the Tehran’s emporium is studied. Field study is used for completing the researcher made questionnaire. Three samples are questioned including taxi drives, passengers and police officers. It has been shown that presence of taxis and car parking near the subway station entries has a negative effect on the peripheral streets; but none of these factors has an effect of more than 50 percent. In addition, according to the questioned persons, it is better that subway station entries to be in minor streets to avoid traffic congestion in the peripheral streets. In this research, it is shown that taxi drivers try to near the entry of stations as much as they could for taking the passengers up. Most of the subway passengers use taxis for continuing their trip.

Productivity on administration departments has attracted attention of many people and there are many researches in this field. In this paper, productivity of administration department of Iran is studied, using mathematical formulas, which are based on the structure of the most of the administration departments. As a case study administration department of Road and Building ministry in Kermanshah, a large city in Iran is studied, using interview with its personnel. Referring method in this department is based on a tree structure, from managers to businesspersons. Mathematical relations of productivity and duration of accomplishing the referred jobs are sensitivity analyzed and it is shown that, by increasing the number of refers and decreasing the probability of understanding the jobs, productivity is decreased and average duration of accomplishing the referred jobs is increased exponentially. Based on these results, it is suggested that managers try to refer the jobs directly to the related personals to reduce the number of refers and pay more attention for explaining the considered jobs to increase the probability of doing jobs as they are desired.

One of the issues that affect pedestrian accidents , is the vehicle features including the appearance design, color and driver assist facilities. In this study, we attempted to compare the use of pedestrian accidents statistics as well as survey of related experts to the rate of accidents in dark-colored vehicles to light-colored vehicles. It also investigates which types of vehicles are most likely to be involved in pedestrian accidents.

This research is applicable in terms of objective and analytical-descriptive in terms of type and method. The method of data collection was documentary and library and then interview and questionnaire. The statistical population is selected from traffic skilled experts including university professors, Tehran municipality and traffic police. Factor analysis method was used for data analysis of questionnaires. The statistical population of accidents includes all pedestrian accidents in Tehran between 2014 and 2016 years.

In this study it was shown that dark-colored vehicles more than light-colored vehicles as well as unsafe vehicles such as Peykan than others with pedestrians are more likely to be involved in a car accident. It was also found that driver assistance facilities were effective in reducing pedestrian accidents.
 

The positive impact of color, design and driver assistance facilities on pedestrian safety can be considered for people to buy safer cars. You can also encourage people to use safer cars by considering insurance discount or car annual complications for drivers who use light-colored cars or cars that have a safer design or equipped with driver assistance facilities.

Considering the effect of speed on severity and number of traffic accidents, speed control is very important.speed control systems are used in Iran for many years. There are two kind of speed control systems, average speed control and instant speed controls. In this research, the effect of using vehicle’s average speed recording equipment on the number of speed violations and traffic accidents in is studied.  As a case study, the effect of using a vehicle's average speed control system on the amount of traffic violations and accidents on the Tehran-Qom Freeway axis has been considered. In this regard, the accidents reporting of one year ago and one year after the installation of this system recieved and delivered in the axis examined from the relevant police station. In addition, The statistics of the speed violations of users who violated the speed limit, were calculated one year before and one year later. In accordance with the studies that show likehood of injury and death depens on the vehicle speed and severity of accidents; In this study, it has also been shown that the use of vehicle’s average speed control system reduces the severity of accidents and thus reduces the number of deads and injured people and so, it's also recommended to apply speed rules through the average speed recording camera for the rest of the axes and the roads. Investigating violations of drivers also showed that the number of violations has been gradually reduced by installing the camera; but there are no meaningful difference in the investigation of the main cause of accidents before and after the installation of cameras.

The general purpose of this study was to investigate the damages to the traffic discipline of Imam Khomeini International Airport and its influential factors. One of the cases considered in this study was identifying structural preventive measures, the main problems in the failure of the airport's traffic discipline, the useful solutions and so on. This study was conducted using (field) survey method, The statistical population was the traffic police station located at Imam Airport and directions near to airports. The sample size reaching the researcher's strength was conducted (50 items in this research) by simple random sampling method with at least 5 months of service experience at the airport, a tool for collecting information, an interview and a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted at the descriptive statistics level in the form of frequency distribution tables and at the inferential statistics level using Friedman test. According to the results of this study, factors such as airport parking problems, problems with public transportation, Taxis Disaster Status and private taxi drivers, and ... are as the most important damages to the traffic discipline of Imam airport. It is worth noting that the inadequacy of the access path to the parking (the length of the traffic) is one of the most important damages and the construction of suitable places to stop taxis and private taxi drivers, as the best way to improve the airport's traffic discipline.

The purpose of this study was to find out the difference of the performance of Tehran's drivers in accepting safe time distances among vehicles. The research method was descriptive-survey method. The statistical population was all traffic users (male and female) numbering at 300 people. Traffic users (130 females and 170 females) were selected by using Cochran's formula and cluster random sampling was applied for it. The main research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that has 15 four-choice questions. And Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was obtained at (0.82). Data analysis was performed using U Mann-Whitney method due to the nonparametric data distribution. Research findings at 95 levels showed that there is a significant difference between male and female performance in choosing the longitudinal distance from the front-end vehicle in direct motion, but there is no significant difference between male and female performance in choosing the longitudinal distance with the front-end vehicle for overtaking, when entering the highway, and in determining between lateral and transverse vehicles.

One of the most important points in the field of pedestrian crossings is the creation of safety as a result of the impact of obstacles on the sidewalk around the road for pedestrians crossing passageways and preventing accidents involving pedestrians with passing vehicles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prediction model of pedestrian accidents due to the effect of obstacles on the side view around the road. The research method was field survey, survey and data collection tool was used. The statistical population of this study is the experts of the Traffic in Kermanshah city. Using random sampling method, the sample size is 85 people and the data collected were used using the accident sketch forms. Findings of the research show that considering the confirmation of the research hypothesis, there is a significant relationship between the estimation of the prediction model of pedestrian crashes due to the impact of lateral approach obstacles, including screws, fixed and moving obstacles, intermediate retrogression, leading to a significant reduction in pedestrian traffic accidents. Passersby are considered to be the most vulnerable in the group; hence, by increasing the safety of these users through the creation of safety equipment and the implementation of effective transverse passageways and car accidents will decline.