سید محمد مهدوی

 The current research was conducted with the aim of developing a creativity management model based on cognitive sciences and technologies in military universities. For this purpose, by using the capacity of the qualitative research approach and the focus group method, the dimensions and components of the studied model were identified. The data was collected using the purposeful sampling method of the criterion type and focus interview with 4 focus groups from among 12 experts in the field of cognitive science and analyzed using thematic analysis method.Structural capital includes components such as educational space, office space, welfare space, facilities and equipment, educational systems, software, network and internet equipment. Cultural capital includes components such as knowledge and expertise, organizational culture, educational and research resources, interactive space and social networks. Political capital includes components such as power and influence, leadership and management, networking and accountability. Cognitive capital includes components such as problem solving, learning, adaptability, knowledge production, trust, cohesion, interactions, participation and cooperation, organizational belonging, and reputation. The model presented in this research provides a comprehensive framework for creativity management in military universities. This model, taking into account different dimensions of capital (structural, cultural, political and cognitive), can help to improve the level of creativity in these universities. This research shows that cognitive technologies have the capacity to become a powerful tool for developing creativity in organizations. By supporting knowledge sharing, enhancing communication and facilitating collaboration in these four dimensions, cognitive technologies can empower individuals and organizations to achieve greater innovation.

Overgeneralized autobiographical memory is one of the most frequent phenomena among the patients affected by a variety of psychiatric disorders, including depression. Memory Specificity Training (MeST), as a method trying to modulate the specificity of autobiographical memory, has achieved promising outcomes in improving the specificity, as well as some of the psychiatric symptoms in the targeted patients. The main remaining concern about this intervention, which keeps it from clinical application, is its effects’ short durability and transient nature. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that has been proven to be efficient in the induction of neuroplasticity. Based on this hypothesis that the increased neuroplasticity may result in lasting changes in brain circuits, this study aims to investigate the effects of the addition of tCDS to MeST on the argumentation of the strength and durability of its effects on the specificity of autobiographical memory.

Forty-six patients affected by depressive disorders were included in the study through an introduction by the collaborator psychiatrist and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria consisted of a minimum educational level of eighth grade, aged between 20 and 60 years old, and consent to participate. The exclusion criteria were life-threatening conditions, comorbid psychiatric disorders, developmental disorders, any kind of neurological disorders, bipolar depression, consumption of antipsychotic or/and anticonvulsant medications, and medical conditions that may interfere with mood and addiction. The diagnoses were confirmed by The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5).Patients were divided into two equal groups of twenty-three cases receiving six sessions of MeST in addition to tDCS versus sham stimulation. The stimulations lasted for 20 minutes through the online delivery of anodal current with the intensity of 2 milliamps versus sham stimulation, both on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.The participants were assessed using Beck’s Inventories for Depression and Anxiety and Autobiographical Memory Test, which presented one total index and three specific, general, and alternative sub-indices.

Two groups were homogenous, considering age, gender, marital status, and level of education, as well as baseline levels of depression and anxiety according to the scores of Beck’s Inventories. Overall, changes in the score of the indices related to cues demanding specific memories showed significant changes over time that lasted at the follow-up assessment, including specific, alternative, and total indices. The trend of changes between the two groups showed differences toward the hypothesis, but the statistical significance threshold reached only in the total index of the Autobiographical Memory Test. The similar trend in the two other indices related to specific memories, including the specific and alternative indices could not meet the statistical meaningfulness.The trend of changes in the general index of the Autobiographical Memory Test did not show a meaningful trend over time among the whole samples and was also completely independent of the grouping.Altogether, the results showed that, firstly, the intervention has been accurately targeted the specific feature of the autobiographical memory, and secondly, the changes are in absolute compatibility with the hypothesis of the study that claimed the addition of tDCS augments the strength and durability of effects induced by MeST on the specificity of autobiographical memory.

The results of this study have shown that the addition of tDCS to MeST may increase the effects on the autobiographical memory specificity of MeST and their durability. These outcomes, if confirmed with larger and further studies, can promise to bridge the gap between Memory Specificity Training and clinical application.Hence, designing and conducting studies investigating the combination of tDCS and/or other non-invasive brain stimulation modalities and MeST. Such studies should investigate the improvement of the strength and durability of the outcomes at cognitive and clinical levels in the induction of lasting ameliorative effects in patients affected by depressive and other psychiatric disorders that accompany overgeneralized autobiographical memory.

Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) may negatively affect cognitive functions, such as memory. This paper proposes a way of evaluating the impact of microwave S-band electromagnetic waves on the head layers and hippocampus using COMSOL Multiphysics.

This study investigated the bioelectric properties of software-implemented biological tissues and the creation of EMFs in the S-band on the hippocampus.

These EMFs heat the hippocampus but are not enough to impact activity or cognition (memory). The temperature of hippocampus tissue increases by 0.0001 to 0.016°C when exposed to fields of 20 to 120V/m intensity. The specific absorption rate varied from 18×10-3 to 22×10-2 W/kg.

Therefore, the non-thermal effects of electromagnetic waves on cognitive disorders are likely linked to their interaction with brain waves.

In a perovskite solar cell, the photoactive layer is sandwiched between the electron and hole transfer layers (ETL and HTL). ETL and HTL play a very important role in photovoltaic performance. So far, record efficiency has been achieved using spiro-OMeTAD as HTL. But the high cost and complex synthesis process may limit its large-scale application. Inorganic semiconductors are a promising alternative due to their high mobility, stability, and the ability to synthesize and deposition by simple and inexpensive solution-based methods. In this study, a low-temperature carbon paste with Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanomaterials were applied to transport and collect hole carriers. CuInS2 NPs were applied as the reference HTM. CZTS nanoparticles which are synthesized by heating-up method have a crystalline phase of wurtzite and a Zn-rich composition. The presence of the HTM layer at the perovskite/carbon interface has a significant effect on improving photovoltaic performance. The spin rate and number of HTM layers were investigated by spin-coating method. In the case of two-time deposition of nanomaterials, the maximum efficiencies of 12.61%, 13.38%, 10.74%, 11.40% were obtained for spin rates of 3000, 4000, 5000 and 6000 rpm, respectively. Increasing the number of HTM layers reduces the efficiency and current density. The spin rate of 4000 rpm and two-times deposition were obtained as optimal conditions. CIS-based device as a reference showed an efficiency of 15.5%. High performance compared to CZTS is affected by less defects and quality of perovskite surface coverage, which was confirmed by EIS, PL, VOC decay and AFM analyzes.

The Electron transport layer ETL plays an essential role in the solar cell Performance. In recent years, In2S3 has been used as ETL in photovoltaics such as CZTS, Se, CIG S, Se and Perovskite thin film solar cells. In this study, the easy and inexpensive spray pyrolysis method was used to fabricate In2S3 layers. The effect of indium salt type on the electrical, optical, structural and morphological characteristics of the as-sprayed In2S3 layers was investigated. Regarding this target, the Characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction XRD, Field emission electron microscopy FESEM equipped with elemental analysis EDS, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Mott Schottky electrochemical analysis and four-point probe resistance analysis were used. The indium source chloride, nitrate and acetate salts has strong influence on the crystallinity and morphological properties. The layers resulted from precursor including indium acetate salt, are highly porous compared to the other two precursors. Whereas, the best crystallinity and lowest electrical surface resistivity by using the chloride salt were obtained. In addition, the surface resistance decreases dramatically with increasing substrate temperature. Although the prepared In2S3 layers all have n-type conductivity and indirect band gap of ~2 eV, the energy levels of the band structure varies by changing the Indium salt. The density of the majority carriers electrons also varies from 2.1 × 1017 cm-3 to 2.9 × 1019 cm-3. The highest carrier density is related to the sprayed layers at 420 °C consuming Indium acetate salt.

<![CDATA[By fabricating a copper nano-fiber mesh, a high quality, low cost, and flexible transparent electrode can be produced. The transparent electrodes are widely used in electro-optic devices such as screens, touch screens and solar cells. The metallic nano-fiber mesh is superior to ITO in terms of flexibility and low cost raw material, and superior to graphene or carbon nanotubes in terms of low junction resistance by high aspect ratio. The copper is much cheaper than gold and silver while has a very good conductivity. But the main problem is oxidation of nano-layer in sputtering process. Basically, expensive methods such as high vacuum deposition can prevent the oxidation. But in this study, with the use of the active atmosphere and the addition of hydrogen to argon gas in a sputtering chamber, the purity of sputtered copper is much better, so that its conductivity is improved up to 5 times.]]>

In this paper, firstly, the CIGSe solar cell with a different Ga/Ga In ratio was modeled based on experimental data using the SCAPS software. Then, the SnS2 composition was proposed as a suitable buffer for the elimination of toxic CdS compounds. According to the modeling results, SnS2 is a very suitable material for substitution of the toxic CdS.

Soil surveying and mapping emphasize in various aims at different soil science aspects for applicants. Paying attention for scale and reconciliation of estimated with real data should be considered in all studies related to remote sensing and soil spatial variability. Although estimating of spatial variability of various soil parameters and soil surveying were studied many times, unfortunately the map accuracy and efficiency were not assessed in many cases. Salinization is one of the most important problems in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, it is essential to be studied the spatial variability of soil salinity in east Azerbaijan province because of its climatic condition. As well as easy readily of salinity measuring, it was used to assess the map efficiency.
This study was carried out in the part of Karkaj Agriculture Research Station belongs to the university of Tabriz in an area of about 4.2 ha. Sampling density is one of the parameters which influences not only on observation accuracy but also on map efficiency. Accordingly, two kinds of high and low sampling density including grids of 25 m and 50 m were designated, respectively. The numbers of 106 samples were taken at surface soil which its salinity was then measured in the laboratory. Statistical analysis, mean comparison, F-test and t-test performed by using MSTATC software.GS software was also used for Geostatistical analysis. Two methods of Jacknife and direct evaluating were applied for validity of models in order to testing maps accuracy. Soil salinity maps created with integrating the kriging geostatistics procedure and GIS. The map efficiency is being evaluated using four aspects: (1) map scale and texture, (2) map legend, (3) base map quality, and (4) ground truth, as well as may be interpreted by average size delineation, density of delineation, index of maximum reduction, effective scale number, maximum location accuracy and minimum legible delineation. Therefore, above indices were determined for two created maps according to sampling density.
The results revealed that the provided map at low sampling density is closed to the optimum condition compared with high sampling density. In despite of various number of polygons in both soil salinity maps, statistical analysis showed that there is no significant differences (p
It can be finally reported that reducing the number of soil samples may not decrease the optimum density of delineations nor has distinct impact on soil salinity map. Thus, to exploit more number of samples is not economic in all cases. On the other hand, using low density maps can be recommended to save money and time.

Non-invasive brain stimulation technologies are a group of powerful tools that are exploited in manipulating functional properties of the brain. These technologies have a relatively long history in cognitive enhancement and rehabilitation, as well as in treating stress and depression. Of these technologies are transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). TMS technology works with producing magnetic fields emitted from a coil over the scalp to induce ion currents; however, in tDCS there is a direct connection of electrodes on the skin over the scalp to inject electrical currents yielding modulation in neural circuits.
In this review, we reviewed over the literature concerning applications of neurotechnologies, TMS and tDCS, in cognitive enhancement and rehabilitation.

Among the candidate semiconductors in photovoltaic applications، CuInS2 (CIS) is under intense investigation due to its direct band gap (1. 5eV)، high absorption coefficient and good stability. One of the limiting parameters in the mass production of these solar cells is that Indium is a rare metal which has to be substituted with other metallic elements. On the other hand، the maximum photovoltaic conversion efficiency is attained on devices with the absorber bandgap energy of approximately 1-1. 3 eV. So in this study، CIS synthesis and substitution of trace element of indium with abundant element of Iron were investigated. The solid solution compounds of CuIn1-xFexS2 were synthesised using one pot Polyol route. The synthesized powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD)، Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Scanning tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) techniques. As the amount of Iron increases up to x=0. 15، the crystallinity of particles is inhanced and their unit cell dimensions are reduced. Further increasing of iron content results in the formation of FeS and FeS2 as impurity phases were observed with further increasing the iron content، while the crystalinity is reduced. The density of states investigation confirmed that increasing the amount of Iron resulted in enhancing the density of carriers، p-type conductivity and formation of the intermediate band in the forbidden band of host material

The use of herbal medicine has a long history. In order of unveiling of the side effects of chemical drugs، human tried to use the natural resources to supply drugs. In this study، antimicrobial effect of Scrophularia striata aquatic extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were studied and compared with the effects of tetracycline. In this basic- applied، the aqueous extract was prepared from the sterile and unsterile leaves and fruits of Scrophularia striata. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli after colony counting and determining dilution were cultured on known concentrations of the extract containing mediums and their effects on bacterial growth was assessed after 24 h by measurement of turbidity. Eighty percent of bacterial growth was inhibited by the extract، compared with 100% of control. The inhibitory effects of low concentrations of the extract were more than tetracycline. This study showed that the aquatic extract of Scrophularia striata could be a good candidate as an alternative or supplement to antibiotics to treat bacterial infections.

Human serum Albumin (HSA) is a single strand protein that plays a major role in the maintenance of plasma oncotic pressure. Surface of this protein is covered with unneutralized negative charges and has an important role in the transfer of some drugs , fatty acids , cations and hormones in the blood . Materials &

HAS (Hexadesyl pridinium bromide ) was purchased from Sigma company and the other reagents were recieved from Merck Co. UsingPhosphate buffer in pH=7 for all experiments through CD- spectrophotometer (model Jasco) secondary structure changes in the protein were observed. The ligand binding of HSA- HPB interaction was studied by fluke potentiaometer. HSA concentration in all experiments was 0.2 mg/ml.

HSA CD spectra in the far – UV region were obtained at 370C and 420C . The binding isotherms and also scadchard curves for HAS-HPB interaction at 370C and 420C were drawn and discussed .

Rising temperature from 370C up to 420C proved a considerable effect on the structural aspects of HSA. HSA- HPB interaction depends on the temperature so the affinity of HSA for HPB binding reduces as temperature increases to 420C from 370C . Therefore, the amounts of negative charges on the surface of HSA at the 420C are less then those at 370C and leads to the decrement of blood oncotic pressure. This effect expresses the considerable effect of HSA on the moderation of fever on the body.

The present study was fulfilled with the aim of investigating the effects of process variables on APMP (alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping) pulp brightness and yields of P.alba to produce high yield pulps suitable for making writing and printing papers. The wood samples have been prepared from the poplar plantation fields in the area of Maragheh Paper Company and converted to acceptable chips by MWPI industrial chipper. Based on the results obtained in the preliminary experiments (1), chips prostrating time of 20 minutes, impregnation times of 20 minutes for first stage and 9o and 105 minutes for second stage, total caustic soda charge of 6 and 7 % with usage rations of 40, 50 and 60% of total caustic in first impregnation stage, total hydrogen peroxide charge of 5% with usage ratio of 25% in first impregnation stage, pulp consistency of 32-34 and 23% in first and second impregnation stages, respectively, were selected and studied as effective process variables to achieve high yield APMP pulps with pulp brightness of about 80%. The results have shown that; at caustic soda charge level of 6% with usage ratio of 60% of total caustic in first impregnation stage and treatment time of 105 minutes at second impregnation stage, it would be possible to produce APMP pulp with 81.9% brightness and relatively high pulp yield of about 88%. At total caustic charge of 7% with similar usage ratio, APMP pulp of 79.9% brightness at pulp yield of 86.8% in treatment time of 90 minutes, and APMP pulp of 80.2% brightness at relatively low pulp yield of 85.3% can be produced in treatment time of 105 minutes at second impregnation stage. By reducing the treatment time at second impregnation stage and using lower usage ratio of total caustic in the first impregnation stage, APMP pulps have higher yields but at lower brightness.