سید محمد میرحسینی

By taking into consideration the consequences and rise in soil alkalinity that is a result of industry growth and reliance on fossil fuels, evaluating the reasons that lead to concrete degradation and deterioration was considered crucial. For this purpose, the mechanical behavior of fiber concrete under unstable environmental conditions was probed. Concrete composites with varying percentages of steel and glass fibers and no fibers were analyzed. Compressive, indirect tensile, and fracture toughness properties were evaluated using the Edge Notched Disc Bend (ENDB) test under freezing-thawing and acidic environments and the results were compared with normal conditions. Steel fibers decreased the strength in the specified cycles, while glass fibers showed a normal strength trend. Samples containing 1% of steel fibers showed a 15% increase in fracture toughness compared to 2% of these fibers in 300 cycles, while the strength of samples containing 1% of these fibers increased by 22% in the non-cycled state.

Contemporary Qur'anic scholar Ahmidah Al-Nifar, one of the Tunisian researchers, in her work called Al-Insan and Al-Qur'an Vazh Lojah, about the methods ofA contemporary interpretation is discussed. They are the interpretation methods of commentators of the last century, which are derived from the method of traditional commentatorsis, designs and criticizes and believes that although some of these interpretations contain innovations, due to the accelerated developmentScience and technology in the western world, these innovations are to realize the goal and intention of the Qur'an, which calls for the guidance of mankind andIt is not enough to bring people to their destination; Because the interpretations are loaded with repetitive topics. So neglect ofThe new event in the structure of the approach that should govern the relationship between the interpreter and the text is to find every new point at the cognitive level.It has made the contemporary interpretations practically difficult and made the new interpretations a reproduction of the same traditional interpretations. He believes in creating an approachnew approach to the interpretation of the Qur'an by criticizing traditional beliefs in the field of interpretation and paying attention to components such as the use of new methods inInterpretation and use of new methods such as "linguistics", "paleontology", "semiological", "semantic" andAdapting to modern developments. The evaluation of Al-Nifar's point of view shows advantages such as paying attention to modern interpretation andthe use of new methods and techniques in the matter of interpretation; In addition, his criticism in the methodology of commentators in cases such asThe exclusive use of rhetorical sciences and techniques or the use of jurisprudence and theology is unnecessary and unacceptable.

Investigating and analyzing the cultural components in the Arabic translation of Muhammad Alauddin Mansour from the Persian novel Soraya in Aghma by Ismail Fasih based on the theory of the translator's presence, based on the strategies of defamiliarization and de-estrangement, is the goal of this research by applying the descriptive-analytical method. has taken into account. In this article, the authors have first extracted the cultural elements and then matched them with the Arabic translation of the current novel in order to determine the audience's tendency towards the two strategies proposed by Venoti. The obtained results show that the translator has preserved the cultural values ​​of the source text and due to the dominance of the defamiliarization method over the defamiliarization method in this translation, a fluent and comprehensive text has not been presented because the terms and interpretations without receiving the existing cultural load word for word or it has been transferred with a close equivalent to the source text, which is ultimately caused by the translator not knowing the culture and the source text correctly.

Clay soils with a water content of more than 35% or close to the liquid limit are known as soft clay. These soils have an unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of less than 25 kilopascals. In order to improve the strength of these soils, additives such as cement and nanoparticles are added to them. These additives are combined with soil, which is called cemented mixed soil. Therefore, this research investigated the effect of the simultaneous addition of Nano-silica with cement on changes in UCS of soft clays with low plasticity (cl). The research considers soil with a constant water content of 40%, exceeding its liquid limit, for all samples. The changes in three factors, the cement and Nano-silica content consumed and the curing time of the specimens, were investigated as effective factors. For cement, 8%, 10%, and 12% relative to the weight of dry soil were considered. Nano-silica at eight levels from zero to 1.4% relative to the weight of dry soil and three curing times 7, 14, and 28 days were considered. A total of 72 series of specimens were made, and the unconfined compressive strength was measured. The results indicate that using nano-silica up to 1.2% in combination with cement increases the UCS by an average of about 170% after seven days, 120% after 14 days, and 48% after 28 days compared to using cement alone. Additionally, adding nano-silica led to a reduction of up to 4% in cement usage. Equations were derived based on the consumption rates of cement and nano-silica, along with the curing period, to estimate the uniaxial strength of the samples. The average difference between the estimated and measured values for all samples ranged from 1% to 3%.

Due to the location of Iran in an arid and semi-arid climate, the optimal use of water resources systems and better management in water shortage conditions are necessary. One of the appropriate tools in the field of water resources management is the use of simulation, optimization techniques and the combination of simulation and optimization methods. The main goal of this research is to provide a solution in which, according to the capacity of the reservoir, in addition to achieving the acceptable reliability of supplying demands in the whole period, the percentage of meeting the needs in dry months also increases.

To achieve the optimal operation of the water resources in the Marun and Jareh dams located in the south of Iran, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is linked to the WEAP model to provide a new structure for the water resources management, especially in periods of low water by obtaining the optimal values of water release from the reservoir.In this structure, the WEAP simulator is called directly in the MATLAB environment and executed by the optimization algorithm. In this research, for optimal operation of the system, the amount of water released from the reservoir every month is considered as a decision variable. However, due to the large number of available variables and the high volume of calculations, in the body of the MOPSO optimization model, the flow release coefficients that are considered on a monthly basis are used. Based on these coefficients, every month, a percentage of the water volume in the Marun and Jareeh reservoirs is released to supply the needs of the downstream uses, and the rest is stored for the better management of the reservoir, especially in water shortage conditions. Therefore, according to the application of these coefficients on a monthly basis, 12 variables are considered for each dam and 24 decision variables in the whole multi-dam system in the entire next 30-year operation period.

The optimization process is carried out using the MOPSO multi-objective algorithm. The number of iterations of the algorithm to reach convergence is considered to be around 1000. Finally, after the optimization, according to the population size of 48 and the implementation of the MOPSO model for 1000 iterations, the solutions close to to optimal are obtained, and the optimal exchange curve (Pareto-optimal front) between the optimization objectives (the function of maximizing the supplying percentage and the function of minimizing the violation of the minimum operation level) is achieved (Figure (1)). In Pareto curve the solution with the least amount of penalty due to the violation of the reservoir operation capacity and the highest supplying percentage is chosen as the best answer. Then, these optimal variables are entered in the WEAP surface water model.The average percentage of supplying the needs and the level of reliability of meeting the needs according to Table (1) for different uses in optimization scenario. According to this table, in this scenario, the drinking and industrial demands are fully provided in all months. Also, the average percentage of meeting the agricultural demands of the Marun and Jarrahi basins for August, September, October and November was improved by about 15 to 16%, which is significant and shows a decrease in the severity of failure in these low water months. The supplying percentage in July also increases by about 7%.

The results obtained from the implementation of the optimizer model showed that the percentage of demand supply in the months that was 0% in the reference scenario reached 30-60% and in most of the dry months, it was calculated around 45%. This showed that the optimizer model was able to reduce the failure severity in the worst case and in years with three to eight consecutive dry months. The results showed that according to the application of hedging in the model, some of the need is stored in the high water months to be consumed in the low water months. This research showed that planning water resources and allocating them to existing uses only by relying on maximizing the reliability of supplying needs in the entire period, especially in areas with dry climates where we inevitably face severe water shortages in several months of the year, is not a suitable solution and leads to irreparable financial losses and social consequences. Instead, using the solution of this research will lead to better management of the reservoir and reduce the severity of the failure to supply the needs in the dry months of low water.

The experience of past earthquakes and the weak seismic performance of some structures have highlighted the need for modern seismic systems. Therefore, further examination of lateral seismic systems, such as energy dissipation dampers, is essential for improving the seismic performance of existing systems. Energy dampers can generally be divided into two categories: velocity-based dampers, such as viscous dampers, and displacement-based dampers, such as yielding and friction dampers. Friction dampers are one of the most effective energy dissipating devices in structures, capable of dissipating seismic energy through friction without causing damage (yielding). This paper studies a new system combining a knee-braced frame (KBF) with a friction damper (KBFD). The damper used is a linear friction damper with a slotted bolted connection. The goal of incorporating the friction damper in this configuration is to help prevent out-of-plane buckling of the brace equipped with the damper and to maximize the capacity of damper to improve the seismic performance of the KBF. In this paper, the finite element model of the KBFD was first validated using experimental results. Then, six types of KBFD frames, with varying pre-tension forces in the friction damper considered as a variable parameter, were studied. These studies included performing pushover analysis to calculate the seismic parameters of the structure, such as ductility and behavior factors. The results of these analyses indicate an improvement in the seismic performance of the KBFD compared to the KBF, with both the ductility and behavior factors increasing. Based on the results, with increasing pre-tension force, the behavior factor also increases and is suggested to range between 7.9 and 9.0. Additionally, these frames were subjected to cyclic loading to further study their seismic behavior. The results of the frame analyses were reported as hysteresis curves, initial and secant stiffness, frame resistance, ductility, behavior factor, dissipated energy, and equivalent viscous damping. The results demonstrate that the friction damper effectively reduces the seismic demand on the braces and columns. Furthermore, the obtained hysteresis curves show a high level of input earthquake energy dissipation and appropriate seismic performance of the frames with the proposed configuration.

The Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) sector is adopting Building Information Modeling (BIM) in public and private organizations worldwide. The public sector plays an essential role in inducing and encouraging the implementation of BIM in the industry. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and integrated research on the critical factors for enterprise-scale BIM adoption in government agencies. The primary purpose of this study is to provide a framework to analyze the critical success factors (CSFs) of BIM implementation in Iranian government organizations. This method includes a comprehensive literature review, an exploratory study in three Iranian government institutions, and a survey conducted with 68 Iranian experts involved in admissions to public organizations. The methods used to analyze the factors are Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and the DEMATEL method used to analyze the relationships and interactions between the factors quantitatively. The results include the proposal of sixteen CSFs and a model's development. Finally, the creation of a framework for adopting BIM by government agencies according to BIM contexts prioritized CSFs and levels of analysis. The main contribution of the current research is a proposed framework for BIM adoption, which includes a comprehensive and integrated approach based on a set of CSFs from Iranian government organizations and a greater understanding of contractual, regulatory, technical, procedural, and political characteristics for the public sector.

Research in building information modeling and sustainability studies has been increasing recently. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the integration of building information modeling technologies to strengthen the implementation of sustainability methods in the construction industry. Building information modeling technology is one of these methods because it creates vital databases for the building and its components instead of generating and displaying rich information IDs. As a result, executive management's time and costs are significantly reduced because of the ability to make optimal decisions regarding the implementation of projects at each stage. It has provided the construction. Building information modeling technology as a powerful manager tool improves project success criteria. This study aims to identify the dimensions and components affecting the sustainable development of the construction industry based on building information modeling. The method used in this research is Grounded Theory based on the study's exploratory nature. The primary basis of data collection is in-depth interviews with experts, professors, and construction project specialists of Tehran Municipality, District 3. A total of 15 interviews were conducted. After collecting the information, the codes related to the written interviews were analyzed. After performing three steps of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, the final research model was presented. The codes obtained from the interviews were categorized into 55 concepts and 14 main categories. According to the results of this study, building information modeling and optimal building design are influenced by a range of environmental and causal factors. An integral part of the sustainable development of the construction industry is the integration of contractual models and sustainability development. The use of natural resources, the product, and the training of organizational and macro management and technology are included.

In previous earthquakes, many steel frames suffered damage to their ordinary rigid moment beam-to-column connections. As a result, the use of multi-level control systems in structures has gained attention from engineers in recent years. The main idea in this system is to combine two separate control systems with different stiffness and strength, thus creating dual seismic behaviors. In this study, a two-level friction-yielding damper passive control system is presented for beam-to-column connections, and its cyclic behavior is evaluated using nonlinear static analysis with the finite element method using ABAQUS software. The evaluation results demonstrate that the performance of the samples improves with an optimal ratio of length to thickness. This improvement is reflected in increased stability and area of the hysteresis curves, ultimately leading to higher energy absorption. Additionally, the hysteresis curves indicate a ductile behavior for the proposed damper in the moment connection. Moreover, the obtained hysteresis curves show that the system reliably dissipates energy at different earthquake levels, satisfying the seismic criteria for special moment resistant connections based on the AISC code. The proposed damper serves as an energy dissipating device, effectively dissipating energy at different levels of earthquakes by facilitating slip and yielding, thereby controlling the seismic response of the structure.

Many Quran scholars have long been fascinated by the An-Nur verse. Despite the absolute denial of any similarity between his holy nature and the rest of the cosmos, this monotheistic verse contains metaphorical language. Most Qur'anic interpretations have focused on the idea that there are outside and inner meanings and each interpretation has sought to decipher the meaning of this verse using one of these two ideas. This descriptive-analytical study explores and compares the interpretation of the An-Nur verse by Sharif al-Murtaza, Mulla Sadra, and Sultan Muhammad Sultan Ali Shah Gunabadi with their interpretations. The verse's meaning has been interpreted differently by these interpreters, who have divergent and, at times, contradictory intellectual orientations. Even though all three of them deviate from the apparent meaning, Sharif al-Murtaza interprets the verse by placing the concept of reasonable arguments within the field of the Arabic language and its capacities because the holy word is a type of speech. Mulla Sadra and Gunabadi, on the other hand, are proponents of the inner meaning of the verses and view the Qur'an as a mystical word with a high meaning potential that requires revelation and spiritual internalization to comprehend. The conventional definition of Sharif al-Murtaza's work is a commentary built on logic and language that benefits from his knowledge of both languages and words. Nevertheless, according to Mulla Sadra and Gunabadi, this attempt to comprehend the meaning is more interpretation in applying the verse to multiple and even endless cases.

Using tourism opportunities to improve rural development to preserve social and natural values and control the quality of eco-lodge’s architecture, necessitates the creation of a framework that addresses the relationship between the quality of architecture and tourist satisfaction. The purpose of this article is to find a framework for standardizing the architecture of residences and assessing the level of tourist satisfaction as well as the relationship between motivation, tourist satisfaction and their willingness to stay in again. The research method is descriptive-analytical in which after after compiling a conceptual model based on content analysis of theoretical content of vernacular architecture and identifying measurable models of tourist satisfaction, field information was collected through a questionnaire. According to the developed conceptual model, the physical-spatial, naturalistic and socio-cultural dimensions of architecture are assumed to meet the basic, functional and emotional requirements of tourist satisfaction, respectively. The statistical population includes ecotourists who refer to four active ecotourist residences in Tonkabon. The results show that the architecture of eco-lodges in terms of meeting the naturalistic /functional needs of tourists with an average of 3.08 is the most satisfied and in this regard, they prefer these resorts. In the next stage, the index of physical space needs with an average of 2.03 gained audience satisfaction. Socio-cultural indicators of residences had the lowest level of satisfaction. The analysis of the results indicates that in the research samples, location and naturalistic features of the architecture of the eco-lodges have been consistent with nature tourism as the dominant motivation of the eco-tourist. At the same time, these residences have not been able to motivate the clients to experience the rural life and to enable them to experience and interact with the indigenous culture and community. Finally, suggestions for improving the architectural quality of eco-lodges are presented.

This paper investigated the effect of the stiffness of a light panel type with polystyrene core and lightweight concrete coating on the behavior of plain steel frames. An experimental study was performed on two large-scale specimens of one-story single-span. The behavior of panels and determine the effect of their stiffness, an in-plane infill-frame interaction frame, including a steel frame with isolated and non-isolated panels, were investigated. The specimens were tested under controlled displacement to investigate the in-plane infill-frame interaction of steel frames. Both isolated and non-isolated panels were tested under quasi-static cyclic loading. The results show that the proper behavior of this type of panel in isolated and non-isolated frames, the global stiffness of the frames and panels are reduced with a gentle slope, and brittle failure does not occur in the frames and panels. In the isolated specimens, the relative displacement (drift) of 1%, and the stiffness was 1.22 kN/mm. When the drift increased to 2.5%, the stiffness decreased to 0.88 kN/mm. In the non-isolated specimens, the drift of 1%, and the stiffness was 2.49 kN/mm. When the drift increased to 2.5%, the stiffness decreased to 0.89 kN/mm. The behavior of the non-isolated frame after loading is similar to the isolated frame because only the corners of the panel failed. A similar result was obtained in the failure pattern. In other words, the corners of the non-isolated panels attached to the frame failed by increasing the displacement due to in-plane infill-frame interaction. In the subsequent cycles, another part of the corners of the panels failed again. Complete failure was not observed in the panels. Similarly, in the non-isolated specimens, the panels remain without global failure after applying the cyclic load. The behavior of the non-isolated frame is similar to the isolated frame, with a decreased stiffness.

Interrogation is one of the styles of composition which, in addition to its true meaning, has secondary meanings, whose use in words conveys broad and influential meanings to the audience. One of the ways to understand the verses accurately is to discover the secondary meanings of questions. Interrogation is a very useful, beautiful and effective style in the science of rhetoric, which the eloquent theologian conveys the desired meaning to the audience by using it in a timely and appropriate manner. In Surah Malik, 16 different styles of questioning are used in the meanings of rebuke and threat, denial, etc., and the Qur'an uses questioning as an eloquent word to express the state of deniers and those who mock God's punishment in secondary meanings. Is. In this article, with a library and descriptive method, a comparative study of the secondary meanings of interrogating is done from the point of view of Allameh Tabataba'i in Tafsir al-Mizan as a Shiite commentator and Ibn Ashur in Tafsir al-Tahreer and Al-Tanwar as a Sunni commentator. The points of commonality and difference of these two commentators have been stated. In a comparative study between Allameh Tabatabai and Ibn Ashour, it seems that Allameh Tabatabai explained and examined the secondary meanings of interrogatives along with other evidences in the verses to explain the verses, but Ibn Ashour only focused on the aspects of morphological, syntactic, rhetorical and literary analysis of the verses. It is detailed and detailed.

Burst of the water pipe causes soil settlement, which can cause deformation in structures and trees, depending on the type of soil and weight of structures. Damages caused by this phenomenon in Iran are covered by fire building insurance. Fire station is under the supervision of the municipality of Tehran. The analysis of four-year data of urban water pipe burst in District 5 of Tehran has been done. This analysis helps to find places with burst to find a way to preserve trees after water pipes burst. In this research, the bursting of the water pipe, which has caused damage to the building, asphalt, etc., has been selected in the places where the data was available, and then the effect of the bursting of the water pipe on the trees has been investigated and analyzed. In these accidents, trees and utilities around the place where the water pipe burst were examined to eliminate the effects of wind or pests and sunlight, etc., that affect the trees, so that by comparing the pipe burst on them, the area of ​​the urban water pipe burst could have been managed to cause less damage to the trees and utilities.

One way to reduce seismic force is to use knee bracing systems. In this method, the diagonal limbs of the brace are connected to the knee joint. The duty of the brace is to create stiffness and the duty of knee member is to create ductility like a yielding damper. In this method, some novel results are achieved by combining Y type bracing with the knee members. In this regard, three samples of the proposed frame were tested in the laboratory of structure based on the ATC24 loading protocol. The results show that this seismic system has a good performance in energy absorption and stability. At lower frame displacements, the knee element begins the absorb energy process faster. The use of a knee bracing system can be a good alternative to the brace system due to its ease of replacement. The behavior of the hysteresis (force-displacement) curves obtained from the experimental tests show good results in force balancing. Moreover, due to relatively lower initial stiffness and strength, the proposed frame will perform well in low-intensity earthquakes. It was observed that the failure mechanism of the structure has an acceptable ductility in the plastic part of the system. In addition, it was shown that by moving the middle node towards the corner of the frame and increasing the eccentricity of this point, the stiffness of the frame decreases and as a result, the natural vibration period and system displacement increases under constant load.

Reinforced Concrete (RC) Frames cover a large part of our country's structures. Neglect progressive collapse in this type of structures can lead to significant human and financial costs. Most of the regulations related to RC frames have comprehensive measures for resistance to seismic forces but there are only a few general solutions to increase the robustness to progressive collapse have been provided. In this study the effects of using High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite materials (HPFRCC) in the beam-column joints and the effects of its use on the robustness of RC frames against progressive collapse have been evaluated. For this purpose, after verifying the simulations with experimental tests using Opensees software the robustness of two 10-story RC frames under progressive collapse has been evaluated. The performance of the samples was measured using the robustness index proposed by Fascetti et al. The Fascetti robustness index is a combination of nonlinear dynamic and nonlinear static analyzes that evaluate the structural robustness to progressive collapse under multi columns removing scenario. The results of the sample analysis show the use of HPFRCCs materials in the joints beam-column can dramatically improve the robustness of concrete frames against progressive collapse by increasing the stiffness and ductility of the beam-column joints.

Two points need to be taken into consideration regarding buildings built around gas transmission pipelines in Iran, first, the density of the buildings and second, the distance from the axis of the pipeline. These values ​​are determined by standard tables IGS-C-SF-015. Nevertheless, determining the two mentioned factors is not enough to determine the risk level of threats caused by gas pipelines explosion. The best way to calculate the risk level that threatens buildings around pipelines is by using computer calculations such as PHAST software to estimate the consequences of accidents and analyze the results based on natural accidents. However, it is worth mentioning that the PHAST software also cannot calculate the effects of soil in the explosion of burial pipes. Hence, the simulation by PHAST for an explosion-exposed gas pipeline can be a basis for other evaluations. After determining the appropriate consequence modelling, the effectiveness of using equipment that can reduce the explosion‘s consequences is also investigated. In this paper, after logical modelling for the real explosion, the effectiveness of a standard protective device in gas pipelines called Line Break Valve (LBV) for reducing the explosion’s consequences is measured. At first, the probability of the LBV functioning at the time of the explosion is checked. Subsequently, by the diagram, the consequences of the accident for two modes of operation and non-operation of the LBV system are displayed and compared with each other. Ultimately, for the simulated mode, it is observed that the correct operation of the LBV system could reduce the accident consequences by more than 60%.

Nowadays, machine learning models are able to make good predictions based on pattern extraction between data. In this study, a neural-fuzzy network (ANFIS) was used to predict the inflow to the reservoirs of a dam namely, the Mahabad dam located in the northwestern part of Iran. A new Harris Hawk (HHO) optimization algorithm was also used to improve the ANFIS (HHO-ANFIS) structure. Monthly precipitation and temperature and inlet flow data to the reservoir one to three months ago were used as input parameters as 6 different input patterns. About 70% of the data was used for training and 30% to test the models. The results showed that the ANFIS model has good accuracy in training data although, for test data, its accuracy was greatly reduced. The development of the HHO-ANFIS model improved the accuracy of the prediction. The patterns with all input parameters had the highest prediction accuracy. In this pattern, values ​​of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient (NSE) for test data were 3.9 MCM, 2.41 MCM, and 0.86, respectively. Due to the good performance of the model used, it can be recommended for time series predictions.

Defamiliarization, which is making unfamiliar and alienating what is familiar, is one of the pillars of the Russian formalism school. This term is one of the pillars of aesthetics and prominence of any literary work. The relationship of defamiliarization with the topic (the problem of words contrary to the requirement of appearance) to express the benefit of the Holy Quran from linguistic possibilities and aesthetic methods of creation is the goal that this research tries to use descriptive-analytical method and by mentioning examples of ten components. the middle of the Holy Qur'an to achieve it. The importance of examining this issue in the Holy Quran is that it makes the prominence and beauty of this divine book, which is approved by everyone, even clearer. Defamiliarization arising from norm-avoidance can be seen in the Holy Qur'an. Most of the existing norm avoidance is related to the problem of words contrary to the requirements of the appearance, especially alfatah and heart, syntactic norm avoidance. This issue has been done in the Holy Quran with the aim of further implying the divine purpose and delighting the audience.

In this research, it has been tried to reduce the disadvantages of GO to a minimum by modifying through the production of a polymer in a new way, while having more advantages of its presence in concrete compounds. Tensile, compressive strength and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) tests on 54 specimens with the same mix design and 0.4 water-cement ratio, including the control sample, the sample containing 0.03% by weight of graphene oxide, and the sample containing 0.03% of modified graphene oxide (copolymer) was done, the results show that adding this copolymer to concrete increases the 90-day tensile strength from 3.12 to 4.33 MPa (equivalent to 38.8%) and increases the 90-day compressive strength from 34.5 to 44.6 MPa (equivalent to 29.3%). Furthermore, the workability of concrete containing copolymer is 25% higher than concrete containing graphene oxide, which indicates its positive effect in increasing workability compared to concrete containing graphene oxide.

Text Linguistics as a new branch of linguistics was taken into consideration to focus on the unit development of the language study from sentence to text level. Along with Coherence, Cohesion is one of the features of texture that belongs to the text itself. In traditional criticism, cohesion was usually exquisite and it did not follow a specific framework. But nowadays, due to the importance of textual approaches, several theories have been proposed to examine the cohesion of literary and non-literary works. The cohesion approach in its primary form at three grammatical, lexical, and junction cohesive levels, explains the cohesive components of the text and the quality of the relationship between the text components at the semantic level and consequently at the superficial level. But the issue is that by exploring the critical heritage of Arabic literature, one can find traces of such approaches in some works, including ibn Ashur’s Tafsir al-tahrirwal’l-Tanwir. In his commentary, Ibn Ash'ur, not accidentally but consciously, has referred to the textual cohesive tools and has considered a level beyond the sentence. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study tries to analyze IbnAshur approach in his interpretation, based on a text-based perspective and alludes to the role of cohesive elements, which is closely related to the activities of text linguists. The results show that IbnAsh'ur was aware of the importance of cohesion and its application in his interpretation, a

Risk assessment and prioritization is one of the most important components of risk management in any organization. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is one of the most commonly used methods for assessment and prioritization of the multiple risks. Despite the widespread applications of this method in various industries, FMEA is associated with some shortcomings that can lead to unrealistic results. In this study, a new hybrid decision- making approach is presented in three phases to cover some of the shortcomings of the FMEA technique. In the first phase, based on the subject literature and getting help from a group of experts, 23 risks related to the construction project were identified and classified into six groups including technical, dynamics of the project environment, multiplicity of project stakeholders, employer, project management, and contractor. In the second phase, the fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) is used to measure the weights of decision criteria. In the third phase, the outputs of the previous phases are used as a basis to prioritize the risks using the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) methods under fuzzy environment. To illustrate the potential benefits and applications of the proposed hybrid approach in a case study was implemented. The results obtained from the new hybrid approach to show that the low performance of the human resources, communication and cooperation of a poor contractor with another group, lack of proper management by the contractor regarding financial matters, supplier support, and subcontractors, and low performance of the human resources as the most important risks were recognized in the construction project of the Central Library of Markazi Province. Also, after performing the validation test and sensitivity analysis, it was found that the proposed method can provide valuable and effective information in helping to manage the risk of construction projects.

In order to choose the method of project implementation in the form of partnership or conventional method, various factors in the formation of the concept of value for money creation in each project are evaluated to be the basis for decision making. Many countries use Public Sector Comparators (PSC) to reach this decision. In this research, the correct calculation of PSC and simulation of risks to achieve a negotiable price range in water and wastewater projects in Iran has been done. The data collection tool in this study was to review various articles to identify the types of risks and distribute questionnaires and interviews with experts in the water and wastewater industry in order to determine the main and effective risks and then, the occurrence and severity of the effects of each risk. The price range was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation. After determining the main risks on PSC, using Monte Carlo method and risk distribution functions, the minimum and maximum amount of each risk and the total risk were determined for 70%, 80% and 90% confidence coefficients. According to the obtained model, to determine the price range, the price presented in the case study should be 500% to 550% in the minimum case and 750% to 850% increase in the maximum case for different reliability coefficients. As a result of this study, inflation risks, exchange rate fluctuations, regional political instability, public and private sector corruption have had the greatest impact on the PSC and price range determination.

Concrete has high compressive strength but has very low tensile strength, and relatively high fragility has made the tensile strength of concrete impossible in design regulations. The use of steel fibers in concrete matrices reduces the brittleness and fragility of concrete. Improving the mechanical properties makes the reinforced concrete matrix with metal fiber a suitable material for structural applications. In the present study, the mechanical properties of cement-based reinforced composites with different fiber volume percentages (1% and 2%) have been investigated. The cement-based matrix has a compressive strength of 64 MPa and fibers used by the Dramix family (3D, 4D, and 5D). In this study, to evaluate the flexural strength, a 4-point flexural test was performed on flexural elements reinforced with different percentages of steel fibers. Bending parameters such as displacement force diagram, crack state, energy absorption, and flexural stress are evaluated and compared. The results show that in some samples, the stiffening behavior occurs before the crack and rupture concentration, and then the strain-softening behavior. The occurrence of hardening behavior improves the mechanical properties of the material. In this case, the rupture of the specimens occurs through the creation of multiple cracks.

This study was conducted to probable improvement of the performance of alkali activated slag mortar exposed to sodium sulfate solution. In this regard, the joint effect of silica fume replacing at levels of 0, 5 and 10% and curing at 23 ± 2, 40, 60 and 80 °C on the durability of alkali activated slag mortar against high concentration sulfate medium was tested. In order to investigate the behavior of the samples, length change and mass change tests were used and to identify the microstructure and products formed in their hardened paste, scanning electron microscopy imaging and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed. The results showed the positive effect of heat treatment and silica fume replacement on the durability of alkali activated slag mortar. Simultaneous application of 5% silica fume replacement and heat treatment with a temperature of 80℃ had the best effect on the performance of activated alkaline slag mortar in terms of sulfate resistance. Alkali activated mortar was completely superior to ordinary Portland cement in terms of resistance to sulfate medium. The results of length and mass change experiments were not enough to compare alkali activated slag mortar samples. This was made possible by adding the results of scanning electron microscopy imaging test and X-ray diffraction analysis.