فهرست مطالب سید محمدحسین نوری موگهی

According to highlighted role of men in family planning, the use of reversible methods of contraception with no adverse effects on androgen-dependent metabolic reactions is very important. In order to achieve a conductor combination in the designing contraceptive drugs, in the study, the effect of two drugs: Propylene glycol and Benzyl Ester on histological parameters of seminiferous tubules was investigated. This study was conducted on the 33 rats Sprague-Dawley with weighing 250-300 gr and least 100 days. Then they were divided into a group containing 13 rats and two groups containing 10 rats and were Received respectively 15 mg/kg of Propylene glycol and Benzyl Ester and Normal Saline as subcutaneous injection daily for 60 days. Next, samples of testicular fixative were stained by the usual method (H&E) and Histological parameters of seminiferous tubules were measured through stereometry and morphometry methods. Reduce the Diameter and Perimeter of seminiferous tubules in the group of Benzyl Ester had significant difference with the two other groups while there was not noticeable difference among the three studied groups in terms of seminiferous tubules number. Benzyl ester was more effective on Histological parameters of seminiferous tubules. Thus, with eliminating the cardiovascular effects and Conservation the contraceptives properties, it can be used as a guide combination.

Nitric oxide is a short-lived mediator which produced in different mammalian cell types. Nitric oxide synthesizes (NOSs) are a family of complex enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of L-Arginine to form Nitric Oxide. Overproduction of nitric oxide may imply in the pathogenesis of several immune diseases. The present study demonstrates the potential role of nitric oxide in zona pellucida thickness. This study was performed on 8 weeks pregnant Wistar rats (n=32). To study the impact of Nitric Oxide on zona pellucida thickness four experimental designs were investigated. Control group, 200 mg/kg L-Arginine, 20 mg/kg L-NAME and a combination of L-Arginine, and L-NAME. Ovary removal via laparotomy was performed 13 days after intraperitoneal injection. Zona pellucida thickness was investigated by Image tools III quantitative technique. Based on our findings, L-Arginine causes a significant decrease in zona pellucida thickness (p ≤ 0.05). No discrepancy was detected in zona pellucida thickness between the other experimental groups and the control group. The results support the hypothesis that destructive effects on ovary and zona pellucida formation can be mediated by the overproduction of nitric oxide.

According to increased consumption of supplements during pregnancy and the teratogenic impact of some drugs on evolution the vital systems of embryos, in this study to improve the health of the fetus and prevention of cardiovascular abnormalities as the most common cause of infant mortality, we examined the effects of L-Arginine and L-NAME administration on fetal rat heart.

Forty Wister rats, weighing 200-250gr with age of 8 weeks, were divided into 5 groups after observing the vaginal plug. Except the control group, the others were received 2ml/kg normal saline, 200mg/kg L-Arginine, 20mg/kg L-NAME and a mixture of the same doses of L-Arginine & L-NAME respectively on 8 to 11th gestational days via Intraperitoneal. The fetal Hearts were removed on 18th gestational days and were fixed in formalin 10 percent, after tissue preparation and staining method (H&E) histological changes were studied by Light microscopy Olympus Cx31 and software Image tools III.

Despite of the control group, the significant decrease (p <0.05) in the diameter of cells and their nuclei were observed in L-NAME group , L-NAME group also was associated with irregularities in heart muscle structure and intercalated and in the L-Arginine group severe Myogenesis and Angiogenesis was observed.

Results of this study showed that Nitric oxide (NO) in amounts higher or lower than normal is associated with congenital heart diseases. Therefore, drugs and supplements should be used with caution especially during pregnancy.

Considering the important role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in many biologic processes of cells and tissues including during pregnancy and its different stages, this study investigated the effects of L-Arginine as a NO precursor and L-NAME as a NO inhibitor on structural and stereological changes of the thymus in pregnant rats. In this experimental study, thirty-two female Wistar rats, aged 8 weeks and weighing 200-250g, were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, L-Arginine (200 mg / kg), L-NAME (20 mg / kg) and L-Arginine + L-NAME; 8 rats in each group. On the 18th day of pregnancy, the rats anesthetized with ether, then, their thymus was extracted and fixed in 10% formalin. After tissue passage, the sections were stained with H&E and the histological and morphometric studies were performed. L-Arginine with its stimulative effect on NO synthesis in thymus causes to increase T-lymphocyte population, therefore thickness of cortex is increased and thickness of medulla decreased. Analysis of variance showed that the thickness of cortex and medulla of thymus in the L-Arginine group was significantly different in comparison with the control group, with p=0.000 and p=0.002, respectively. The thickness of cortex and medulla in the L-NAME group showed a significant decrease, with p=0.000, compared to the control group.

Nowadays Nitric oxide (NO) has known as a regulator of many biological processes in many cells including epithelial cell of gastrointestinal tract. In this study we investigated the effects of L-Arginine and L-NAME on epithelial cell number and height of duodenum in rats.

40 female rats of 200-250 gr weight and 8 weeks old were divided into 5 groups, containing 8 rats in each group. Except the control group, the other groups received normal saline (2 ml/kg), L-Arginine (200mg/kg), L-NAME (20mg/kg) and L-Arginine+L-NAME with same doses Intraperitoneally for 3 days. Two weeks later, duodenum was expelled out and fixed in 10% formalin. After tissue processing, the sections were stained with H&E method. The histological changes were assessed via light microscopy. Cell number and height were evaluated using morphometric and histologic methods. Statistical analysis was made by One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test to evaluate the statistical significance between different groups. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was an increase in the cell number and height of duodenal epithelium in L-NAME group; also a decrease in the cell height of duodenal epithelium in L-Arginine group. No significant difference was observed between groups (p>0.05).

Despite the importance of NO in many cells function, the results demonstrated that L-Arginine and L-NAME has no effect on number and height of duodenal epithelium.

Nitric oxide is involved in many physiological functions of the body. And its important roles in biological process is still the matter of investigation. Nitric oxide is synthesized from the amino acid L-arginine by NO synthase in the presence of oxygen and NADHP (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate). It has been recognized that NO has many protective roles in the immune system as well as cytotoxic effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the stereological changes of white pulp of spleen in pregnant rats following L-NAME administration as a NO synthase inhibitor.

Twenty four female Sprague Dawley rats of 8 weeks old and 200-250 gr weight were selected. They were divided into three groups including 8 rats in each group after mating and observing vaginal plaque. All groups except the control group received 2 ml/Kg saline and 20 mg/Kg L-NAME intraperitoneally on days 3rd, 4th and 5th of pregnancy. On the 18th day of pregnancy, the rats were  sacrificed and their spleen were removed. The spleen were fixed in 10% formalin and sections were stained with H&E. Quantitative measurement such as the number and mean diameter of white pulps were performed through light microscopy and Image tools III software.

In the L-NAME group we found no statistical significant in the mean diameters of white pulp in comparison with control and saline groups. However, the number of white pulps were decreased in L-NAME group which statistically was significant (P<0.05).

We conclude that the L-NAME as NO synthase inhibitor could decrease the number of white pulps in spleen of pregnant rats.

Overweight and obesity are increasing in the last three decades indicates the strong influence of environmental factors. Fats are the most important sources of human food which is considered as one of the reason for obesity. Among the components of the diet, poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are resulting in obesity. This study was done to evaluate the effect of diets containing poly unsaturated fatty acid on body weight and colon macroscopic properties in rabbit. In this experimental study, 24 female rabbits were allocated into three experimental groups including short, medium and long term and control groups (three subgroups). Animals in experimental groups were received diet containing corn oil for one month (short term), two months (medium term) and three months (long term). Animals at the end of the first, second and third months, were weighed and dissected and taken biopsy from colon. The macroscopic properties of the samples including shape and arrangement of Haustration were evaluated. Over weight was not in the long – term consumption of corn oil in comparison with controls, but Haustra organization in different parts of the colon were disappeard in experimental animals. The diet containing poly unsaturated fatty acid causes macroscopic alteration in rabbit colon.

Nitric oxide (NO) as a lipophilic small molecule is produced from L- Arginine by a family of Nitric oxide Synthase (NOS) enzymes in living organisms. NO is now recognized as an important signaling molecule involved in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes including cell growth, apoptosis and immunological regulation. The aim of this study is investigation of Nitric oxide effects on Volume, Weight and Histology of Pregnant, s rat Heart. Forty female Wister rats, weighing 200- 250 gr with a mean age of 8 weeks, were divided into 5 groups (n=8) after making sure that the experimental rats were pregnant. The first group was received 2mg/kg normal saline and the others were received respectively 200mg/kg L-Arginine, 20mg/kg L-NAME and a mixture of the same doses of L-Arginine & L-NAME on 3, 4 and 5th gestational days via intraperitoneal. The control group was not received any injection. Hearts were removed on 18th gestational days, then after weight and volume measuring and tissue preparation via staining by routine H&E methods studied by Light microscopy. Despite the increasing in weight and volume of the L-NAME group, there were no significant differences between groups but most histological changes in L-NAME group were observed. We found that L-NAME in pregnancy can cause histopathological changes in heart tissue via decreasing levels of NO.

Varicocele is a pathological dilation of spermatic cord vein plexus، and celecoxib، an inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase-2، is widely used in the treatment of chronic inflammation. So، we examined the effects of celecoxib on inflammatory cytokines، testicular Sertoli and spermatogonial cells number، seminiferous tubule diameter، and sperm indices in immature male rats with induced varicocele. Twenty four immature Wistar male rats (100-120 gr) were randomly assigned into four groups (sham، varicocele، celecoxib sham and celecoxib varicocele). The sham group underwent sham operation، and the varicocele group underwent partial ligation of the renal vein to induce experimental varicocele. In the celecoxib group 30 mg/kg celecoxib was administrated for 5 weeks (8-13 weeks) by gavage. Serum، testis and sperm samples were collected at the end of 13 weeks for evaluation of celecoxib effects. Histological evaluation of the testis was made by periodic acid Schiff staining. Levels of cytokines IL-6 and INF- γ in serum and testis were assessed by ELISA kits. Sperm indices، seminiferous tubule diameter، and cell counts were evaluated. Celecoxib caused a significant decrease in concentration of serum and testis inflammatory cytokines، compared to the varicocele group (P<0. 05). Celecoxib also significantly increased testicular cell numbers (Sertoli cells and spermatogonia)، seminiferous tubule diameter and sperm motility compared to the varicocele group (P<0. 05). Varicocele has a detrimental effect on fertility by increasing cytokines levels and decreasing cell numbers، seminiferous tubule diameter and sperm indices، and celecoxib may be beneficial for treatment of varicocele by improving varicocele side effects.

Considering nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in many biologic processes of cells and tissues such as in the digestive system and in this system act as a second messenger in pathological and physiological events in gastrointestinal region، in this study we investigated the effects of L-NG-Nitro arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) as the NO formation inhibitor on parietal cells of stomach in pregnant rats. Twenty four female rats were prepared and with eight weeks old and 200-250 g weight were used in this study. After matting of the female rats with the male rats، time of observing vaginal plaque considered as the zero day of pregnancy. Then the animals were divided into three groups of studying. Each group was containing eight rats. In this study، except the control group، the saline group received 2 ml/kg normal saline and experimental group received 20 ml/kg L-NAME interaperitoneally (IP)، respectively on third، fourth، and fifth days of pregnancy for evaluation of its effects. On the 18th day of pregnancy، after anesthesia with ether، the animals were killed and dissected and the laparotomy was performed to separate the mother’s stomach. Then، the stomach was fixed in 10% formalin and after tissue passage، the sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E). Then the changes of count and diameter in parietal cells were observed via light microscopy and Image Tools III. Results of this study after analysis showed the significant changes in parietal cells count (mean 61. 3±4. 32) and its diameters (mean 16. 12±1. 18 µm) in L-NAME group in comparison to control and the sham groups in pregnant rats (P≤0. 05). Results of this study showed L-NAME with effects on NO synthesis can reduce the count of parietal cells and increase its diameter in pregnant rats and has destructive effects on structure of stomach parietal cells in pregnancy rats.

According to the important role of Nitric oxide (NO) in many biological processes in cells and tissues, in this study we examined the inhibitory effects of L-NAME on weight and histology of a pregnant rat kidney. 24 Wistar rats weighing 200- 250 gr with a mean age of 8 weeks upon observing vaginal plaque that has been considered as day zero of pregnancy were divided in 3 groups of 8. Except the control group the remaining groups received normal saline (1mg/kg/ip), L-NAME (1 mg/kg/ip) during 3, 4 and 5th days of pregnancy. On the 18th day of pregnancy the rats were anesthetized by ether and via laparotomy the kidneys were removed. Kidneys fixed in 10% formalin and after tissue sample preparation, general (H + E) staining was performed. Finally the Histomorphological changes were studied by light microscopy. Despite the increasing in weight of the L-NAME group, There was no significant differences between groups (P<0.01) but in L-NAME group were observed disorder of the cortex and capsule of a kidney, immune cell infiltration, and congestion blood vessels. Discussion & Results of this study showed that L-NAME in pregnancy can cause damage in kidney tissue via decreasing levels of NO.

In this study، the teratogenic effects of Gentamicin on newborn spermatic cords of rabbits whose mothers received this medication during pregnancy is investigated. The experimental study was done on forty rabbits 6-month old that were divided into 4 groups of 10 (8 females and 2 males) and polygamously impregnated. 1. 7/mg/kg dosage Gentamicin injections were done in gluteal muscles of pregnanted rabbits in the following groups: 1. control (did not receive any medication)، 2. predifferentiation (from 1th to 8th pregnancy days)، 3. embryogenic period (from 9th to 16th) and 4. fetal period (from 20th to 27th) for 8 days. After birth، three days old male newborns testes were dissected. Samples were stained using H&E method and light microscopy studies were done. Gentamicin injection to pregnant mother before embryonic differentiation was caused canalization of spermatic cords and their conversion to seminiferous tubules in newborn. Also embryonic stage injection increased seminiferous tubules diameter، but was not observed any changes in newborn whose mother had received medication in embryonic Predifferentiation. Results showed that using Gentamicin for pregnancy infection treatment especially before differentiation and embryonic stages were effective on rabbit newborn spermatic cords morphogenesis and caused early maturation.

Varicocele is a dilated vein of the pampiniform plexus that cause to det-rimental time-dependent effects so this study describes the effect of varicocele on the level of IL-6 and interferon gamma in serum and testis tissue، number of sertoli and spermatogonia cells، seminiferous tubules diameter and sperm activity in immature rats. Thirty six immature rats، 5-6 weeks aged were investigated in this study. The sham groups underwent sham operation and varicocele groups underwent partial liga-tion of the renal vein. Serum، testis and sperm samples were collected at 9، 11، and 13 weeks after induction of varicocele or sham operation to evaluate histological parame-ters (seminiferous tubules diameter، number of sertoli and spermatogonia cells)، per-centage of sperm motility and viability and levels of cytokines. Testicular morphology was evaluated. Varicocele significantly caused an increase in serum and testis IL-6 and inter-feron gamma، compared to related sham groups and previous varicocele groups (P<0. 05). Varicocele significantly caused decreases in sertoli cells and spermatogonia cells number with increasing varicocele time، compared to related sham groups and previous varicocele groups (P<0. 05). In the evaluation of seminiferous tubules diameter external، internal and epithelium diameter were decreased compared to sham related groups and previous varicocele groups. In all varicocele groups، all kind of sperm motility and viability decreased compared to the related sham-operated groups (P<0. 05). Varicocele had deteriorating effects on testis tissue because our observations in varicocele groups demonstrated that the external، internal and germinal epithelium height was reduced by the time and in the evaluation of testicular cells، sertoli and spermatogonia cells number were decreased by the time compared to sham related groups and previous varicocele groups. This study suggests varicocele had a detrimental time-dependent effect on cytokines levels and decrease in sertoli and spermatogonia cells number، seminiferous tubules diameter and sperm indices.

Alcea sulphurea (A. S) with various drug effects، especially on mucociliary system as dilutor drug and sputum collection is known. This study examined the comparative effects of A. S and Bromhexine HCL (B. H) on mucociliary system chicken trachea. In this experimental study 30 Leghorn chickens were randomly divided into five groups of six. One group was considered as Control and the other four groups during 12 days received oral B. H، oral A. S extract، nebulas normal saline and Nebulized A. S extract respectively. After 12 days the chicks were killed and the biopsy samples from the middle tracheal were taken for histopathology study using PAS methods under Light microscopy. Finally Image tools III Software were used for counting of size and number of mucous glands and cilia. Results of the analysis of data showed a significant increase of number and the size of mucous glands، also the size of cilia in Nebulized A. S group in comparison to Control group، oral B. H، normal saline. The oral A. S extract group showed the increase in numbers and sizes of cilia and mucous glands but they weren’t significant. According to more mucolytic effects of A. S extract than Bromhexine HCL and side effects for drugs mucolytic is recommended to be used that respiratory and inflammatory diseases of the A. S extract.

Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of death in women. One of the various gene expression involved in breast cancer is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) gene expression increases. Factors of dietary affect on regulation of hormone secretion and the rate of breast cancer. One of these factors is amount and type of fats in diet. Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and Docosah-exaenoic acid (DHA) are members of poly unsaturated fatty acids. In this study، effects of dietary GLA and DHA alone or together with paclitaxel on treatment of mice mammary carcinoma has been evaluated. Thirty female balb/c mice were divided in six groups randomly. Carcinoma-tous mass induced by tumor implantation method. Spontaneous breast adenocarcinoma of mice were used as tumor stock. The tumors of these mice were removed aseptically، dissected into 0. 5 cm3 pieces. These pieces were transplanted subcutaneously into their right flank. GLA and DHA added to the mice diet two week prior to tumor implanta-tion. At the end of intervention، tumors were removed and HER2 gene expression was measured. The weight of animal and tumor volume measured weekly. It was not significant change in the weight of animals that consumed DHA and DHA with taxol. Tumor volume in those groups that received corn oil with taxol (P<0. 01)، DHA (P<0. 05) and DHA with taxol (P<0. 001) showed significant decrease in comparison with control group. HER2 gene expression in DHA with taxol decreased significantly in comparison with control group (P<0. 05). Consumption of DHA oil with taxol causes decrease the volume of carcin-oma mass. The future studies with large number of sample is needed to support this finding.

Malva sylvestris (M. S) with various drug effects، especially on mucociliary system as dilutor drug and sputum collection is known. This study examined the effects of M. S and Bromhexine HCL (B. H) in mucociliary system of trachea chicken. In this experimental study five groups of Leghorn chickens were studied under identical conditions. Four groups received oral B. H & oral M. S extract & nebulas normal saline & nebulas M. S extract during 12 days، respectively andone group was considered as control. After 12 days the chicks were killed and the biopsy samples from the middletracheal were taken for histopathology study using PAS and H & E methods under light microscopy. Finally Image tools II Software were used for counting of size and number of mucous glands and cilia. Results of the analysis of data showed that nebulizing of M. S increases the number and the size of mucous glands، also the size of cilia compare to 3 groups: control، oral B. H، normal saline significantly. The oral M. S extract group showed significant differences in number of the mucous glands compared with other 3 groups. According to more mucolitic effects of M. S extract than Bromhexine HCL and side effects for drugs mucolitic is recommended to be used that respiratory and inflammatory diseases of the M. S extract.

Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in different body organs in mammals and numerous physiological and pathological properties are attributed to this small molecule. The precursor of this substance in the body، L-arginine، is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS)، and it is catalyzed، and is inhibited by a substance called L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). In this study we investigated the qualitative and quantitative effects of nitric oxide on cerebellar histopathology in vivo environment via increasing and decreasing its production. Forty Wister rats، weighing 200- 250 gr with a mean age of 8 weeks، were divided into 5 groups after making sure the rats were pregnant. Except the control group، the other pregnant groups، respectively received: 2 ml/kg normal saline، 200 mg/kg L-arginine، 20 mg/kg L-NAME and a mixture of the same doses of L-arginine and L-NAME on the third، fourth and fifth days of pregnancy. On day 18 of pregnancy، we anesthetized the rats، excised the cerebellum after craniotomy and fixed the organs in 10% formalin. We later prepared 5 to 6-micron in thickness tissue sections and dyed them by the routine Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson''s Trichrom staining methods before studying them by light microscopy. There was a significant difference between the rats receiving L-arginine and the rats in other groups (P<0. 01). This study showed that L-NAME is capable of significantly decreasing the injury caused by nitric oxides in rat cerebellum.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two vitrification protocols on mouse metaphase stage II (MII) oocytes and evaluate their effects on the expression of heat shock protein A1A (HSP A1A) and MnSOD genes.

Groups of approximately 15 oocytes without cumulus complexes were collected and vitrified with 10% (v/v) ethylene glycol (EG) + 10% (v/v) dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) + 0.5M sucrose in group A (VSI) and 14.5% (v/v) EG + 14.5% PROH + 0.5M sucrose in group B (VSII), respectively. Thawing after vitrification was performd by placing the oocytes into 1M sucrose for 1 minute and two diluted solutions, each for 3 minutes. After thawing, the oocytes were fertilized and cultured in vitro to develop into the pronuclear stage. The survival rate of vitrified-warmed oocytes and rate of fertilization were evaluated. In addition, gene expressions (HSP A1A, MnSOD and β actin) of vitrified-warmed oocytes were also examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Survival rates of each group were separately compared to the control. The result showed significant differences between each experimental group compared to the control (p≤ 0.001). The survival rate of oocytes after warming was higher in VSI (91.2% ± 1.7) compared to VSII (89.2% ± 1.5) but there were no significant differences between the two groups. The rate of fertilization was significantly (p≤0.05) reduced in vitrified-warmed (VSI: 39% ± 5.8; VSII: 34% ± 5.7) oocytes compared to the control (88.36% ± 2.3). The expression of MnSOD increased in the vitrified-warmed oocytes when compared to control oocytes. We also detected HSP A1A only in the control and VSI group.

Vitrification of oocytes by cryotop resulted in high survival rate; low developmental competence and fertilization rate of vitrified-warmed oocytes which may be a result of changing expression of important genes after thawing.

Considering the important role of nitric acid in many biologic processes of cells and tissues including reproduction, in this study we investigated the effects of L-Arginine as a NO formation progenitor and L-Name as a NO formation inhibitor on ovarian corpus luteum and growing follicle changes in pregnant rats. Forty female rats of 8 weeks old and 200-250 gr. weight were divided into 5 groups, containing 8 rats in each group upon observing vaginal plaque (It has been considered as zero days at pregnancy).These 5 groups were as follows: Control, Normal Saline, L-Arginine, L-Name and L-Arginine & L-Name. Except the control group, the other groups received normal saline (2 ml/kg/ip), L-Arginine (200mg/kg/lip), L-Name (20mg/kg/lip) and a mixture of two substances for L-Arginine & L-Name group respectively on 3th, 4th, and 5th days of pregnancy. On the 18th day of pregnancy, after anesthesia with ether, laparatomy was performed to separate the mother’s ovaries. Then, the ovaries were fixed in 10% formalin, after tissue passage, the sections were stained with H&E and PAS methods. The changes were observed via light microscopy and graticule. In the eye of qualitative study, tissue degenerative changes and eruption in most parts of ovaries in L-Arginine group were observed, in quantitative study, the reduction of corpus luteum dimension in mentioned group were seen.(p<0.05)Discussion & Results of this study showed that NO can inhibit the cell growth in pregnancy and induce malfunction in ovary.