سید محمود هاشمی

Nowadays traditional marketing approaches have lost their effectiveness and efficiency, and organizations must adapt their products and services to the needs and desires of customers to maintain their market position. In this regard, paying attention to the predictors of consumer buying behavior and their categorization is important. Therefore, the aim of this article was to categorize the predictors of consumer behavior based on buying behavior. Due to the mixed of the research the statistical sample of the qualitative part was 15 experts and the quantitative part was made up of 10 managers and activists in the beverage industry. The results of the interpretive structural modeling method indicate that the predictors of consumer buying behavior can be categorized into two levels that in the first level there are factors of biological, customer-oriented commercial, individual social unstable and internal micro and the second level, factors of external macro, financial, and brand-oriented commercial.

The current research was carried out with the aim of presenting indicators of culture, religious spirituality and professional ethics of human capital with the approach of transformation and development of human resources in the organization (the case study of Tehran Municipality Organization). The qualitative research method is based on the foundation's data theory. In the content analysis section of the articles, 160 articles were collected, 80 of which were classified as domestic (from 2018 to 2018) and foreign (2018 to 2022). The qualitative part was using open coding, central coding and selective coding, the basic indicators were extracted. The interview questions were designed under the supervision of the scientific committee and designed as a semi-structured interview. Using the purposeful snowball sampling method, 30 of them were selected as a sample until theoretical saturation. The results of the current research led to the identification of 6 codes and 18 codes out of 275 were open codes. The main index includes the identity of individual religious spirituality, including sub-components, establishment of organizational spirituality, individual professional ethics, establishment of organizational professional ethics, organization's human resources management and leadership style. It was an organization. In the second round, a Likert questionnaire was sent to 30 experts in order to determine the agreement coefficient of each component, which in this research was using Kendall coefficient w and comparing the average and the agreement of two groups of experts above 0.80%. Was .

The aim of this study was to design and explain the effectiveness model of social network-based advertising in the marketing of educational services businesses. This research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of applied purpose, in terms of approach, exploratory, and in terms of data analysis. In the qualitative phase of the research and in order to design a model based on the data theory methodology of the foundation, a group of experts including senior managers of private sector educational institutions, professors and marketing consultants familiar with the private sector educational services industry were selected and interviewed in depth. In this phase, the snowball sampling method was used and this process continued until the researcher reached theoretical saturation and a total of 9 interviews were conducted. In the qualitative phase of the research, because the data theory method of the foundation was used, the main tool of data collection was in-depth and unstructured interviews with experts. In the quantitative phase of the research, the main data collection tool was a closed and researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 42 items that was designed based on the initial conceptual model. In the quantitative phase of the research, SPSS, Lisrel and smartPLS software were used for descriptive and inferential analysis. Finally, the research results led to the design of a model for the effectiveness of social media-based advertising in the marketing of educational services businesses and the hypothetical relationships of the model in a large community were tested and confirmed.

The average size of the global online market for supermarket goods is about 9 times larger than Iran. Therefore, with the aim of finding effective factors and providing implementation solutions to the country's online supermarkets, this research has investigated the impact of decision-making structure & characteristics of supermarket goods on the change of consumer purchasing behavior from offline to online with the mediating roles of technology & e-commerce acceptance & consumer innovativeness. The objective of this research is practical, and the method used is descriptive-survey and to test the hypotheses, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The statistical population consists of all online buyers of supermarket goods, 384 people were randomly selected for the sample by the simple random method using Morgan's table. Construct validity and questionnaire structure were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and composite reliability in SmartPLS and SPSS software. In data analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality of variables, the Friedman test for prioritizing variables and indicators, and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were utilized to test research hypotheses. The findings indicated that the decision-making structure & characteristics of supermarket goods have a positive and significant impact on the mediating variables of technology & e-commerce acceptance & consumer innovativeness, and ultimately lead to a change in consumer buying behavior from offline to online. As a result, to expand the online market for supermarket products in Iran, major players in this industry such as Digikala, Snapp, and Okala, In addition to understanding consumer decision-making models, particularly when purchasing supermarket goods, they should consider the effective role of technology & e-commerce acceptance & consumer innovativeness in their marketing and advertising strategies to encourage customers to make online shopping.

This research was done with the aim of evaluating the model of resistance businesses in order to develop service industries. The research is mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of practical purpose, in terms of exploratory approach, and in terms of data analysis method.In the qualitative phase of the research, a group of service industry experts were selected and in-depth interviews were conducted with them.In this phase, the purposeful sampling method was used and continued until theoretical saturation was reached and a total of 15 interviews were conducted.In the quantitative phase, managers of service industries were considered as the population and among them, 240 people were selected as a statistical sample based on stratified random sampling and proportional distribution.In the qualitative phase of the research, the data collection tool was unstructured interviews with experts. The main tool for data collection, in the quantitative phase of the research, was a questionnaire made up of 94 items, which was designed based on the initial conceptual model. The results of the present research led to the design of a process model for evaluating the model of resistance businesses in order to develop service industries.

The traditional approaches of learning and teaching have undergone a fundamental change and transformation with the emergence of new technologies such as multimedia, trans-media and distance communication.

The purpose of this article was to present a cooperative learning management model in the context of virtual education in primary schools in Tehran.

Therefore, in terms of the purpose, it is an applied research, because in addition to the awareness-raising and scientific aspect, it will also have a practical aspect for the relevant organizations, and in terms of the method, it was a qualitative research that was conducted by interviewing research experts. The approach of the qualitative part has been grounded theory. The statistical population includes experts familiar with the subject of the research (professors and experts in the field of teaching-learning (preferably cooperative learning) who had conducted at least two researches in the field of cooperative learning and virtual education experts with at least 5 years of experience in this field, as well as virtual education professors in Tehran. with experience of at least 5 years in virtual education) and sampling was done purposefully (18 people).

Finally, the categories were determined in the form of 16 categories and 85 conceptual codes and were placed in the heart of the 6 dimensions of the paradigm model. Factors such as teachers' characteristics, media culture, and macro factors have an effect on cooperative learning management in the context of virtual education in elementary schools of Tehran.

Therefore, for a better conclusion, the model of cooperative learning in the context of virtual education should be used from equipment, expert people, and also the experience of successful countries in this field.

The purpose of this research is to identify the factors influencing the creation of brand identity in the banking industry of Iran. According to its purpose, the research method is applicable, and in terms of implementation, it is qualitative and based on the case study approach. The statistical population of this research includes Iranian banking industry experts who were senior managers of Bank Mellat in Tehran. The number of 23 experts who had sufficient knowledge and expertise in the field of brand was selected by judgmental sampling and snowball method, and data collection was done using semi-structured interview tool. The interviews were continued until theoretical saturation was reached, and the text of the interviews were analyzed and coded using the MAXQDA 2018 software. Data analysis led to the identification and extraction of research findings including 130 primary codes, 33 concepts, and 10 categories. Based on the results of this research, the categories of goals and strategies, structure and processes, human resource management, organizational culture, internal branding, communication, banking services, financial power, visual identity, and verbal identity are identified as the important factors affecting the creation of identity in the banking industry of Iran.

success rate of urban spaces, especially modern commercial complexes, is proportional to the amount of use of that space and the presence of people in it. In fact, the improvement of the urban space should seek to increase social interactions instead of separation. But what we are facing today in most of the urban spaces is the reduction of relations and social participation of the residents in these spaces. In this research, the evaluation of social effects is proposed based on the fuzzy matrix. In building the evaluation matrix, the main activities of the project in the exploitation phase, as well as the important social and cultural indicators, are determined using the fuzzy Delphi method, and the importance of each effect is estimated in the form of triangular fuzzy numbers. The results of the evaluation based on the proposed model show that the sub-index of "setting the environment for family presence in the urban space" with a score of 0.754 has the highest effectiveness from the activities of the modern business and entertainment complex. Among the effective activities, "the place of construction of the commercial complex" with a score of 0.784 had the greatest effect on the sub-indices of social interactions. As a result, based on this social impact assessment model, in order to promote social interactions, it is necessary to adopt the necessary strategies and policies in the field of family presence in modern commercial spaces, as well as the appropriate location of the construction of these complexes.

The current research has been carried out with the aim of analyzing the dimensions of the model of religious spirituality culture and professional ethics of human capital with the approach of developing a spiritual organizational culture in the organization (the case study of Tehran Municipality Organization). The qualitative research method is based on the data theory of the foundation. 160 articles were collected in the content analysis section of which 80 domestic (from 1398 to 1401) and foreign (2018 to 2022) articles were categorized, the data analysis method in the section Qualitative using open coding, axial coding and selective coding, basic indicators were extracted. The interview questions were designed under the supervision of the scientific committee and designed as a semi-structured interview. Targeted sampling method by snowball method, 30 of them were selected as a sample until theoretical saturation. The results of the current research led to the identification of 6 codes and 18 codes out of 275 were open codes. The main index includes the identity of individual religious spirituality, including sub-components, establishment of organizational spirituality, individual professional ethics, establishment of organizational professional ethics, organization's human resources management and leadership style. It was an organization. In the second round, a Likert questionnaire was sent to 30 experts to determine the intensity of the effect of each component. The components and sub-components in the proposed model were specified

The volume of online shopping compared to offline shopping and the speed of change in consumer behavior from online to offline in Iran is much lower than the world average. Therefore, this research aims to design and validation of the change in the end-user's behavior model from offline to online in the FMCGs group. A mix of qualitative (grounded Theory) and quantitative (structural equation modeling) methods are used to identify components, indicators, and the relationship between them. In the qualitative section, 10 experts were selected by snowball sampling and in the quantitative section by Cochran's formula, 384 people were determined by simple random sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data, whereas questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data. Content validity and face validity were confirmed by the Delphi technique, construct validity and questionnaire structure by confirmatory factor analysis, reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and composite reliability in SmartPLS and SPSS software. MAXQDA software was used to analyze qualitative data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality, the Friedman test for prioritizing components and indicators, and the structural equation modeling test for path analysis and model validation were used to analyze quantitative data. In the qualitative results, 8 components and 60 indicators were confirmed. Ranking of components based on quantitative results includes consumer decision-making structure, the consequences of consumer behavior in online platforms, FMCGs competitive advantage, consumer behavior models, marketing and advertising communication channels, consumer innovation technology, and e-commerce acceptance and marketing strategies.

One of the fundamental concepts in the domain of brand is brand identity. The purpose of this research is to discover the effective categories on brand identity building in Iranian banks and examine the relationships between them, in order to present a model. The method of this research is mixed and the systematic approach of Grounded theory has been used to design the model.In the qualitative phase we collected data from interviews with 23 banking experts (Mellat Bank) and research concepts were extracted from the text analysis of the interviews. Then, in order to confirm the qualitative phase of research and test the model, we used a questionnaire that was distributed among 112 banking experts (Sepeh, Maskan, Tejarat, Parsian and Saman banks). The sampling in the qualitative phase, was judgmental and snowballing, and in the quantitative part, was cluster sampling. In the process of qualitative data analysis, we found 350 primary codes, 79 concepts and 23 categories. The central phenomenon of this research was Building brand identity, and the findings included the following categories: lack of community awareness, lack of sufficient trust among society and customers, decrease in customer satisfaction, decrease in customer loyalty, domestic competitors, decrease in employee’s commitment and degradation of brand image as causal conditions. The categories of goals and strategies, human resources management, internal branding, communication, services and tools, financial strength and choosing the type of customers as strategies.  The categories of organizational culture, structure and processes as background conditions. The categories of political, social and economic limitations as intervening conditions. The results of the research show that the use of strategies presented for brand identity building in banks has a high impact on achieving the consequences of creating brand citizenship behavior in employees and creating a favorable brand image in the society.

The purpose of this research is to identify the factors influencing the development of international markets of petrochemical products. In order to achieve this goal, using a mix method research approach, the factors influencing the international markets of petrochemical products were identified. First, the research method was qualitative and grounded theory. For this purpose, 20 experts of the petrochemical industry were interviewed and 106 concepts were identified, which were placed in 21 categories and 6 dimensions. The 9 factors identified as causal conditions are: price factors, influential groups, ability of the export manager, geographical factors, host company conditions, competitive conditions, production factors, product conditions and strategy and company status. In addition, 5 macroeconomic factors, government policies, export laws, industry-related factors and export macro challenges were extracted as background conditions. In the quantitative part, the obtained model was validated using Lisrel software with a sample of 212. The results showed that all nine factors have a positive effect on the result of the financial performance obtained in the research model. Also, 8 causal factors showed a positive effect on the outcome of the brand image. But the role of the host country was not confirmed.

Considering that service industries have the largest share in the economy of countries and today we are facing unpredictable crises, therefore the resilience and stability of these businesses is of particular importance.

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of resistance businesses in service industries.

The method used in the research is qualitative and based on the strategy of database theory. In-depth interview tool was used to collect data. The target community was academic experts, managers and senior experts of service industries who participated in the process and executive decisions of service industries. Also, theoretical saturation was achieved by using targeted sampling after 15 in-depth interviews.

In the foundational data approach in this research, three stages of open, central and selective coding It has expressed 27 general categories in a paradigmatic format including causal, background, intervening conditions, core categories, strategies and consequences based on the development of resistance business.

The results of the research include the presentation of causal, contextual, interventional, central category, consequences, and formulation of strategies for the development of resilient businesses in service industries, which is realized in the form of a paradigm model in accordance with the data theory of the foundation.

The aim of this study was to design a qualitative model of the role of imam Khamenei for development of sciences & benefit knowledge production. The statistical sample in the qualitative section included all essays of imam Khamenei in the field of development of sciences & benefit knowledge production. The research instrument consisted of researcher-made coding sheets whose validity was confirmed by Delphi group members and its reliability was calculated by P-Scott criterion of 0.95. Findings showed that the factors related to the model of the role of imam Khamenei for development of sciences & benefit Knowledge production were identified in the form of 5 categories and 40 concept codes. Provital conditions, Strategies (3 categories), contextual conditions (2 categories), intervening or mediating conditions (3 categories) and consequences (2 categories). In general, it can be concluded that using the findings of the study, it is possible to formulate comprehensive and diverse programs of development of sciences & benefit knowledge production in Iran in "macro", "medium" and "operational" strategies to develop of sciences & benefit Knowledge production.

Today, the important role of resilient businesses in increasing the amount of resilient behaviors in sectors and countries has caused widespread interest in research in this field. The purpose of this research was to show the importance of evaluating resilient businesses in order to increase the amount of resilient behaviors in service industries. The statistical population of this research consists of all managers of service industries. Necessary data were collected by questionnaire from 253 managers of service industries who were selected by simple and easy non-probability sampling method. To test the model, partial least squares method and SAMARTPLS software were used. By analyzing the existing relationship between the variables of the research model in a wide and deep way, the results of the evaluations show that in order to evaluate resistance businesses in increasing the level of resilience in behaviors, it is necessary for the next measures and to compare the level of progress of such behaviors in service industries, for each of these dimensions that It is presented, the necessary planning should be done, it is very important to be careful in developing and considering the involved processes.

The purpose of this study is to design a jihadi management model to attract customers to the banking industry. The research method was exploratorily mixed and in data collection, techniques such as interview, observation, and collection of documents and texts were used within the framework of the grounded theory method and purposeful sampling method. Also, using the snowball method, 50 marketing management experts, university professors, bank employees and were interviewed. The design of the jihadi management model to attract customers in the banking industry was selected as a central category and then using the paradigm model, the data theory of the proposed 24 main themes of the findings showed that the effective implementation of the network communication development model by jihadi management method. These themes include courage and determination in decision-making, justice and realistic and program-oriented idealism, belief in collective wisdom, organizational work and elite turnover, good record and having perseverance and serious determination as ground conditions, and three Customer loyalty and commitment along with the interests of the bank and customers, providing satisfaction and value creation for the customer, management based on Islamic values as causal conditions and customer needs and expectations, determining consumer (customer) expectations of services, improving efficiency and effectiveness Customer service, consumer and organizational markets were selected as the main strategies and employee satisfaction, citizen satisfaction, avoidance of disputes and efficiency as the intervening conditions. work of a paradigm

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for empowering new elementary school teachers in Tehran. Current study In terms of purpose Applied, In terms of data collection method it was a descriptive-survey. The present study was descriptive-survey in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection method. In the first part (qualitative) for conducting field interviews, the statistical population of the research, prominent professors in the field of educational management and prominent and successful teachers with a long history in primary education were purposefully selected for qualitative interviews on research (18 The interview with 18 people continued to the point of theoretical saturation). In the second part (quantitative) after collecting information from qualitative research, a questionnaire was made and this questionnaire (53 items in the form of 8 components) among all new elementary teachers (elementary teachers in Tehran who have less than 3 years of work experience) were distributed (270 teachers). Max QDA Pro version software was used to analyze the interviews and extract the research codes. Stretch and skewers indicators to check the distribution of data (normal or abnormal) and to review and answer research questions and draw and develop a measurement model and structural model of SPSS software version 24, Smart PLS Version 0.2 was used. The results showed that all eight variables obtained from the present study, which include teaching and learning, teacher knowledge promotion, attitude, individual, communication, barriers to teacher empowerment, organizational and managerial, are components.

This study, Conducted in order to investigate the role of religious culture and spirituality to the Entrepreneurship behaviors and business development space in Iran. The method conducted in this study is library literature one. In terms of the way of conducting, At First Phase, the researcher has analyzed and interpreted the data gathered. Descriptive method has been used to analyze the data of this study. In Next, the research problem were presented, and concept and components of religious culture and spirituality and then Entrepreneurship behaviors and business development space were identified, and finally the pattern of the Entrepreneurship behaviors and business development space on base of religious culture and spirituality, were presented. In general, it can be concluded that using the findings of the study, it is possible to formulate comprehensive and diverse programs of Entrepreneurship behaviors and business development space in Iran that is established on base of religious culture and spirituality represented formulas and rules in "macro", "medium" and "operational" strategies to develop Entrepreneurship behaviors and business development space in Iran.

This research is conducted with the aim of identifying the factors that strengthen inter-organizational social capital in universities based on the opinion of academic experts using the qualitative method and "foundation data" strategy.

In this research, which is a basic descriptive-exploratory research, the main tool of the research was semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable and expert people in the field of the research, which was a snowball sampling among university presidents and managers and university faculty members who have the characteristics They had what they wanted and it was done. After conducting 17 interviews and collecting information, the obtained codes were analyzed in different sections and in the three stages of open, central and selective coding of some concepts, the categories developed from the data were identified until saturation was reached.

Finally, the factors that strengthen inter-organizational social capital were counted in 5 subclasses, including organizational factors, educational factors, ideological factors, and cultural factors.

By taking advantage of factors, it is possible to create and strengthen social capital among universities and educational institutions

In today's world, companies must focus most of their activities and capabilities on customer satisfaction; Because customers are the only source of return on investment. If a company wants to have customer satisfaction, it must be able to measure it. Customer satisfaction provides a fundamental perspective on customer issues and improves organizational performance. In this study, the level of satisfaction of the stakeholders of the South Khorasan Gas Company has been examined.

The research method is descriptive in which the tool used is a questionnaire. Questionnaires were sent to various groups of stakeholders, including gas community representatives, clients, managers, facility neighbors, contractors and suppliers of the South Khorasan Gas Company. After collecting the responses of the stakeholders, the current state of satisfaction of the stakeholders of South Khorasan Gas Company has been investigated with statistical analysis of the results according to the customer satisfaction models. In the end, relevant suggestions are presented to increase the satisfaction of the beneficiaries.

The results showed that satisfaction in the field of clients 94%, neighbors of facilities 89%, managers of National Gas Company 70%, suppliers 89%, executive contractors 80%, service contractors 85% and community representatives 84%.

Originality/Value:

 Measuring customer satisfaction provides an effective tool for controlling the overall performance of organizations and helps the organization to identify its weaknesses and try to eliminate them, and the ability to identify economic advantages according to specific time conditions.

Deployment of knowledge management in organizations with research and development approach, is faced many barriers. Gamification system is one of the solutions can be used to extract knowledge of employees. Disruptor approach is one of gamification system approaches. This approach is studied for enriching knowledge management in R&D fields. In this study, with the help of a questionnaire and its distribution among R&D experts of Iran Khodro Company (Iran-Khodro Diesel, Iran-Khodro Passenger, IPCO, TAM and SAPCo). The result of this study shows the relationship between the disruptor approach of the gamification, the knowledge management process and development in organizational, environmental and organizational dimensions, and then were evaluated it. Based on the results of the first stage, it was determined using Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Then in SPSS software the correlation test was investigated which the results showed that in the diesel section the disruptor approach of the gamification system only affects the environmental dimension. In Iran-, the disruptor approach of gamification affects all three dimensions of organization, environment and family, especially organizational. In IPCo, the disruptor approach of the gamification only affects the environmental dimension. In SAPCo, most of the disruptor approach of the gamification affects the organizational and environmental dimensions. According to the results obtained for Iran-khodro Industrial Group.

Deployment of knowledge management in organizations with research and development approach, is faced many barriers. Gamification system is one of the solutions can be used to extract knowledge of employees. This system is studied for enriching knowledge management in R&D fields. In this study, with the help of a questionnaire and its distribution among R&D experts of Iran Khodro Company (Iran-Khodro Diesel, Iran-Khodro Passenger, IPCO, TAM and SAPCo). The result of this study shows the relationship between gamification system, the knowledge management process and development in organizational, environmental and organizational dimensions, and then were evaluated it. Based on the results of the first stage, it was determined using Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Then in SPSS software the correlation test was investigated which the results showed that in IKCO approach of the gamification system only affects the organizational, environmental and organizational dimensions. According to the results obtained for Iran Khodro Industrial Group in this research, it is suggested that all tools (especially reward schedule) are included in knowledge management deployment (technologies and knowledge management software, etc). In addition the employee that worked in research and development is encouraged to knowledge management sharing.

This study aims to identify the components of judge's productivity which play a crucial role in society and the structure of government, and were used grounded theory for this approach. The method is based on qualitative research and interview. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect and gathering data. Data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. Sampling was based on theoretical sampling method and was performed by Expected sample (judgmental techniques). In accordance with the systematic model of grounded theory, all judges of the judiciary were selected for Statistical Society. The results of analyzing obtained from the interviews during the open, central and selective coding process led to the creation of a judge's productivity model based on the grounded theory. Finally, a model for judicial productivity (judges) was identified. This study indicate that to increase productivity, managers should pay close attention to all categories and subcategories identified in this study and have the important and sufficient information about each of them. In addition, this study shows the need of paying attention to the judicial human resources productivity.

The purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions and components of inclusive education for students with special needs in education. The research method was qualitative, which was done descriptively and content analysis with heuristic inductive approach. In this study, until data saturation, 10 experts and professors of exceptional child psychology and educational management who had previously done research in the field of inclusive education and educational and cultural policy for exceptional children were selected and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Also, data analysis was performed with open, axial and selective coding using MAXQDA 2018 software. The obtained results were identified as a total of 7 dimensions, 16 components and 40 indicators for inclusive education in education. in between the dimensions of training and empowerment of the forces through holding training courses. Therefore, it is worthwhile to identify the existing conflicts by using the results of this research and their application in provincial and staff planning and in order to create equal educational opportunities for all children and students with special needs, measures should be taken to include all people from different cultures and social levels with a wide range of abilities and disabilities.

Neighborhood development in the form of a participatory, democratic and neighborhood-based process has been emphasized for decades in developed countries as the focus of sustainable urban development programs and metropolitan areas. On the other hand, in order to improve the business environment and increase economic growth and development, the necessary conditions for this issue must be met. Therefore, concepts such as collective participation, attachment to the neighborhood environment, creating equal opportunities with greater efficiency, are only materialized in the shadow of the concept of neighborhood development and urban neighborhood planning. The main purpose of this article is to provide a qualitative model of new business development with a neighborhood-based approach in the metropolis of Tehran. The main question of the article is what are the dimensions, components and important characteristics in business development and neighborhood performance in Tehran? The research method of this research is content analysis with a deductive categorical system, and its type is applied. By identifying 615 concept codes, coding and categorizing them in three steps, finally 189 main indicators; in five dimensions and 22 components, these indicators were explained and adjusted using a three-stage Delphi technique among 32 scientific and executive experts. Finally, a new business development model based on the neighborhood-based approach in the metropolitan area of Tehran was presented in five dimensions: information technology development, improving the business environment, customer relationship management, neighborhood-centered approach and entrepreneurial leadership.