سید مهدی موسوی

Sample preparation is a crucial step in the separation and determination of desired components from complex matrices. It significantly influences the reliability and accuracy of the analysis as well as the quality of the data. This process is often the most labor-intensive and error-prone aspect of analytical methodology, which can impact the quantification of target analytes. Recent trends in sample preparation include miniaturization, automation, high-throughput performance, online coupling with analytical instruments, and low-cost operation using little or no solvent consumption. Over the past decade, microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) has emerged as a simple, rapid, and online sample preparation technique. The automation offered by MEPS is a notable advantage, along with the significantly smaller volumes of samples, solvents, and dead volumes within the system. Additional benefits include the speed and simplicity of the sample preparation process. This review provides an overview of the MEPS technique, covering its fields of application in toxicology, common formats, and sorbents, as well as its major advantages, limitations, and future trends.

Despite the emphasis of traditional medical narratives on the importance of eating dinner and the prohibitions against skipping it, some physicians have believed that consuming dinner leads to adverse outcomes, such as eye diseases, earaches, body itching, colic, and neurological problems. This study aims to validate the narration attributed to Imam Sadiq (AS) stating, "The root of bodily ruin is avoiding dinner" (Asl Kharab Al-Badan Tark Al-Ashaa) in terms of its chain of transmission (isnad), content, and its correlation with contemporary scientific and medical findings. The goal is to highlight the importance of eating dinner, correct misconceptions on this matter, and provide solutions rooted in religious teachings and medical science for healthy nutrition.This research employs a comparative-analytical approach, utilizing library-based resources. Initially, the chain of transmission for the narration was critically examined, and the credibility of its narrators was assessed. The content of the narration was then compared against Quranic criteria, authentic hadiths, and medical findings related to nutrition, evaluating its compatibility or contradiction with these sources. The results of this study indicate that the chain of transmission of the mentioned narration is credible, and all narrators are trustworthy. Furthermore, the content aligns with Quranic teachings and other authentic narrations that underscore the importance of proper nutrition and avoiding hunger, particularly during the dinner meal. Additionally, medical findings demonstrate that skipping dinner may lead to metabolic disorders, weaken the immune system, and increase the risk of various diseases. This highlights the need to counter false beliefs about avoiding dinner and emphasizes that while overeating at dinner is harmful, avoiding it entirely can also have detrimental effects.The narration from Imam Sadiq (AS) is supported by a valid chain of transmission and contains content consistent with religious teachings and medical evidence. Consuming dinner as part of a healthy and balanced diet can contribute to maintaining bodily health. It is recommended to avoid overeating and late-night dinners while adhering to the principles of healthy nutrition.

Ayatollah Khamenei In his General Outline of  Islam seeks to formulate a special formulation of "social theology" in order to provide the possibility of the active and constructive presence of religion in human relations and social equations. One of the most important central concepts in his social theology scheme is "social transformation", based on which other various human issues and social phenomena are explained. Therefore, the question of this research is what is the nature of "social transformation" in Ayatollah Khamenei's social theology. Using the method of library studies and the method of content analysis of his written works and statements, the research findings are as follows: Transformation in attitude Ayatollah Khamenei is the "permanent becoming" and "essential movement" of man and society. Social change is a definite tradition and there is no escape from it and it has fixed and variable dimensions. Since the essence and foundation of society is "culture", the foundation of social transformation is based on cultural changes. From this perspective, culture is doomed to change; if it has the necessary dynamism and the power to resist the cultural invasions of foreigners, it will excel and continue, otherwise it is doomed to reaction and decline.

Persian books for the first secondary school are one of the most important sources of this course; in such a way that these books can be considered as a pioneer and introduction to understanding some other lessons. Persian books include a section entitled Literary Knowledge, the main purpose of which is to help students understand literary points and aesthetic subtleties. The present study has examined this section of Persian books using the content analysis method based on library resources. The results of the study show that this section has failed to provide the basis for realizing the goals intended by the planners for the Persian lesson for the first secondary school due to some shortcomings and deficiencies. The main of these deficiencies include the lack of sufficient attention to the literary knowledge section at the end of the lessons and the lack of necessary explanations, as well as not following a continuous form in the order of these knowledges, as well as the relatively weak connection between the content of the lesson and the literary knowledge presented. Eliminating these shortcomings will be in line with moving away from the current situation and achieving the desired situation.

Due to the importance of the principle of oversight in the context of public law, the protection of collective trust in representatives, and the principle of equality of all citizens before the law, it can be stated that oversight of the behavior of members of parliament is a given necessity. Just as oversight of the behavior of other officials in the system is important, the methods of monitoring the conduct of representatives are crucial and play a key role in the effectiveness of the oversight institution. Therefore, lawmakers should pay special attention to this and fulfill this important responsibility by analyzing and introducing these methods. The paper presented here aims to answer the question of what the methods of oversight over the behavior of members of parliament are in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Iran. In this context, these countries employ techniques such as regular and random declarations of interests, restrictions on representatives regarding receiving benefits outside of parliament, and non-financial oversight methods, such as public complaints about violations of rules related to representatives' conduct and managing representatives' interactions with lobbyists, while also considering the dignity and status of the representatives. In our country, legislative bodies should utilize these methods, taking into account the available legal culture, and ultimately be able to present an appropriate model of oversight.

This paper intends to examine Woody Allen’s films from the perspective ofIris Murdoch’s moral philosophy. By exploring the possible relationshipbetween humor and unselfing, we try to highlight the moral dilemmas of thecharacters and the audience’s ironic response to the use of humor. Focusingon three films (Annie Hall, Manhattan, and Hanna and Her Sisters), it isargued that the films depict morally complex scenarios where humor has atherapeutic function as well as a morally ambivalent one. In Manhattan andAnnie Hall, Isaac and Alvy’s form of self-deprecating humor does come offas self-love but it falls short of unselfing. Their self-love is only in the serviceof ego, while on the other hand, Mickey in Hannah and Her Sisters, and Tracyin Manhattan show how considering the singularity of other people’sexperience will help one unself. Mickey is the only character in these threemovies that achieves unselfing through humor and the attendant detachment.If the audience is caught up in the ego trip of the characters, they will miss awhole other level of humor

The present study was designed and implemented to investigate the effect of an educational intervention based on the health belief model on the use of personal protective equipment among process industry employees.

The study involved an experimental intervention with 100 employees from various roles in a process industry. These employees were split into two groups of 50: intervention and control. Initially, data was gathered using a custom questionnaire based on the dimensions of the health belief model. The intervention group underwent a 12-session educational program over 3 months. The post-test phase took place 3 months after the educational intervention. The collected data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and independent t-test in SPSS software version 25.

The participants in the intervention and control groups had an average age of 46 with a standard deviation of 3 and 38 with a standard deviation of 2, respectively. The results indicated that following the educational intervention, the average scores for awareness, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and threats of employees were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.001), with respective scores of 15/45 (3/03), 22/21(2/30), 16/61(3/12).

Implementing the educational intervention based on the health belief model increased employees' awareness and favorable attitudes regarding using personal protective equipment.
Keywords: health belief model, personal protective equipment, human vibration, educational
Intervention

Heat exposure, as a work-related risk factor, can have a significant effect on human health. This study aimed to design and manufacture evaporative cooling pants and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing heat strain under controlled laboratory conditions.

The study consisted of three stages: developing evaporative cooling pants, assessing their cooling power in a laboratory and evaluating their effectiveness. 12 men wore regular pants and then switched to evaporative cooling pants while their heart rate, skin and ear temperature, and PSI were measured every 5 minutes. Data was analyzed using SPSS software.

The study revealed that the specially designed evaporative shorts lowered the temperature of the thigh skin by 3 °C (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between the two groups in terms of physiological parameters such as heart rate, ear temperature, and Physiological Strain Index (P > 0.05).

The use of designed evaporative cooling pants can have a positive impact on reducing skin temperature. However, it is recommended to test in actual work environments.

Displacement of large vessels is one of the cyanotic diseases of the heart. In this disease, systemic and pulmonary circulation are parallel. The absence of a shunt between these two routes causes premature death of the baby. Congenital heart diseases are more common in babies weighing less than 2500 grams than in the normal population. Low birth weight is an important risk factor for the mortality of newborns, and therefore, the association of abnormality of placement of large vessels with low birth weight makes their treatment management more difficult. In this case report, we describe a newborn with a birth weight of 1450 grams, who underwent surgery for complete transposition of great vessels at 27 days of age.

Translation is a skill aimed at rendering speech and conveying the meaning of a text from the source language to the target language, in a way that preserves all the objectives of the original text. To achieve a meaning close to that of the source language, especially in sacred texts like the Quran, reliance on available contextual clues and other auxiliary resources is indispensable.  The discrepancy among contemporary translators regarding the translation of verse 178 of Surah al-Baqarah (the verse on Qiṣāṣ – retribution) in the two phrases "Fa Ittibāʻun bil Maʻrūf" and "Fa man Iʻtadā baʻda Dhālik" is prominent, and the main reason for this difference stems from a lack of attention to the narrations of Ahl al-Bayt (AS). The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, aims to evaluate the degree of conformity between contemporary translations of the verse on Qiṣāṣ and the statements of Ahl al-Bayt (AS).  By examining interpretive narrations and relevant translations, it becomes clear that the phrase "Fa Ittibāʻun bil Maʻrūf," according to the narrations, refers to the Responsible (Walī) of the victim, and its meaning is the appropriate adherence of the Walī to his right of blood money, i.e., to be lenient and not harsh with the killer. Similarly, the second phrase also pertains to the Walī, and the meaning of "Baʻda Dhālik" (after that) is the transgression and greed of the Walī after forgiveness and reconciliation with the killer. Some translations, however, have interpreted this part with a general and broad meaning.

Nowadays, the application of kinetic models based on physiology in modelling and predicting the level of toxicity of chemical substances is developing rapidly. The data extracted from these models are being used in environmental risk assessment. They are also widely being used in various industries and research sectors such as drug development, product safety evaluation, and clinical or pharmaceutical procedures. These models are also considered a suitable alternative to animal models. With the progress of computer science, many software programs have been designed to model and better understand these models. Each of these software programs has a range of specific user features and provides various modelling capabilities based on the user's needs. In this study, several software programs that perform modelling based on physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are stated.

The CeO2-MnOx mixed oxides supported on ZSM-5 with different loading percent are prepared by sol–gel combustion method and their performances are evaluated in catalytic oxidation of ethyl acetate. The physico-chemical properties of prepared catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption by BET method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD and SEM results proved that the nanocrystalline CeO2-MnOx with highly dispersed were performed on the support during the preparation of mixed oxide. The effects of CeO2-MnOx loading, reaction temperature and time and presence of water vapor on ethyl acetate conversion were investigated. The results showed that the ethyl acetate conversion increased by the increase of CeO2-MnOx loading, but its variation was negligible in loading above 20%. By the way, as the reaction temperature increased, the conversion increased, so that the highest conversion was obtained at 350 ºC. The 20% CeO2-MnOx/ZSM-5 had the grated performance (98% ethyl acetate conversion) at 350 ºC.

Predicting monetary loss models due to production interrupt caused by an earthquake in industrial units is an important tool in making intelligent management decision. This study aims to extend a loss seismic risk model for the aforementioned subject. Production interruption in large industrial units after the earthquake is the cause of significant economic losses. The decline in revenues is the short-term consequence of this production interruption, and the market share loss is the long-term consequence of the earthquake. Earthquake “parametric insurance” offers a promising perspective to overcome this challenge ahead. Parametric insurance is a type of insurance in which the criteria for compensating payments exceed the event intensity parameters of the specified limit. The present method can be used for designing parametric insurance mechanisms to transfer the subsequent risk caused by an earthquake to the insurer. The Parsian gas refinery complex was investigated as a case study located in Zagros, a seismic-prone area in southern Iran. By means of a well-known seismic hazard model and using OQ software, a 50,000-year-old synthetic catalogue for the study area, Parsian Gas Refinery, was developed using the Monte Carlo simulation method. For this purpose, four ground motion models with different weights were applied in the EMME model to predict the resulting ground motions. Seismic source models and ground motion models were considered as inputs to the Open Quake (OQ) platform, and the event-based hazard analysis module was used. The whole gas refinery system was divided into 10 separate production paths and key components were specified in each path. The compatible fragility functions, as well as the restoration functions, based on HAZUS were assigned to different components in each production path and combined with the expected monetary loss related to daily interruption in that path. As a result, a prediction risk model for monetary loss was obtained for the entire refinery as a function of each arbitrary earthquake scenario.

Despite the fact that the jurists consider themselves bound to follow the traditions of the Imams (A.S.), sometimes they do not follow the content of some sound and complete traditions, which is interpreted as “avoidance of the renowned from tradition”. Sometimes avoidance happens in field of sanad (chain of transmission) and sometimes in field of indication (dilālat). Most of the uṣūlīs believe that the avoidance of the renowned causes weakness of narration, but in contrast, some believe that avoidance of the renowned does not have any effect on weakness of narration. In this research, the status of avoidance of the renowned is studied in field of sanad as well as in field of indication, and also the evidences of both views for and against avoidance of the renowned have been examined and analyzed.The findings of the research indicate that it is not correct to attribute the issue of avoidance to practical reputation; rather, it is more correct to say that this discussion is related to the reputation of a fatwa, and since a form of fatwa reputation can also be opposed to a tradition, the subject of avoidance is dedicated to this type of reputation. Also, prioritizing the narrator’s invalidation to his validation, exposition of not acting on a narration as avoidance, as well as departing from the title of being a reliable source, are considered the main arguments of those who support the weakness of tradition due to avoidance of the renowned.

In Ibn Arabi's thought, sleep and dream is important. He has distinguished between connected and disconnected imagination and brought the place of dream in the connected imaginary world and revelation in the disconnected imaginary world. He considers the dream’s interpretation to be related to the connected imaginary world. Therefore, Qur'an cannot be just a dream, because it lacks Shari'at and its rules do not have a grammatical aspect. The dream is one of the divine annunciators and the sincere dream is a part of revelation. Ibn Arabi considers the imagination as a force of the heart, and love is the excess of affection whose manifestation is within the heart. The heart has seven stages as seven layers of the sky, which is in one stage, the mine of affection, love, and compassion for the people, and in the higher stage, the mine of love of the divinity, and finally, the mine of the manifestations of the divinity’s attributes. Therefore, by expressing the position of dream and its relation with revelation, we discuss about calling Qur'an a dream letter and the relationship between sleep, dream, and love in order to determine the secret of man's superiority over other creatures.

To study of the effect of biological pre-treatments on germination and growth of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seedling under natural salinity stress, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was conducted in three replications. Experimental treatments were biological pre-treated at four levels (control, inoculation with Azoto bio-fertilizer, inoculation with Phosphate bio-fertilizer, inoculation with both bio-fertilizers) and natural salinity (salt of Qom Lake) at five levels (zero, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dS/m).The results showed that increasing of salinity levels led to increasing of mean germination time and using of bio-fertilizer treatments and combination treatment caused this index show 22 percentages reduction at highest level of salinity compared to control treatment at same level of salinity. Salinity reduced the germination coefficient and the highest amount of this index (74.3) obtained at 3 dS/m level of salinity that compared to control treatment and at the same level of salinity showed 89 percentages increasing. Salinity reduced total chlorophyll and using of biological treatments caused amount of total chlorophyll at zero level of salinity show 155 percentages increasing compared to control treatment and at the same level of salinity. With increasing of salinity level increased soluble protein and combination treatment increased this index 12 percentages at the highest level of salinity compared to control. Under stress, plants face with oxidative stress and to confront of that use antioxidant enzymes. In this experiment, the using of biological treatments by raising of the production of antioxidant enzymes caused the reduction of salinity effects.

The environment is a place for human survival and development, and without a healthy environment, the human soul will not achieve growth and excellence. Unfortunately, in the process of development and industrialization, countries have not paid much attention to environmental protection and in the process of profitable economic and industrial activities, environmental protection has not had an acceptable position. In this context, the issue of waste and waste disposal management has become one of the serious environmental issues. Disposal of waste in the marine and non-marine environment has caused problems such as various diseases and the destruction of some ecosystems such as seas, wetlands and forests. These problems have prompted the international community to use all available means to address them. In this regard, the process of paying attention to environmental pollution caused by waste began in earnest in the 1970s, which led to the ratification of numerous international instruments and the cooperation of international governmental and non-governmental organizations to deal with waste. Governments also sought to work diligently with the international system to develop their domestic laws in this area, given the adverse effects of waste on their economic, social, political and cultural conditions. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical.

Permit-to-work system (PTW) system is a documented system to control the activities with inherent risks and probability of accident occurrence. To inform the performance and efficiency of a system, it must be periodically monitored and evaluated, and the permit to work system is no exception of this principle. The aim of the present study was to design and develop software for evaluating the performance of the PTW system.

This study included two main stages. At the first stage, based on the literature review and interview to the academic and industrial experts, the PTW questionnaire for evaluating the performance was created. The second stage involved the design and implementation of an initial version of a software and the investigation of its usability. Designing the software was performed using system development life cycle (SDLC). The usability of this software was evaluated by Think -Aloud method. Finally, the users’ satisfaction was measured using the Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction (QUIS) questionnaire.

Based on the results of the QUIS questionnaire, the overall satisfaction of the designed software was 7.71 in a nine-point scale. The scores of the software performance, display and user interface features, software terminology and information, learning, and overall system capabilities were obtained as 7.58, 7.37, 7.75, 8.11, and 7.74, respectively. Also, the outputs of the excel and SPSS software were in accordance with those of designed software, which show the reliability of the outputs of the designed software.

The designed software facilitate the proper and systematic analysis and it is flexible to evaluate the PTW system and represent types of reports in predefined structures that can be a useful tool in the process industries such as oil and petrochemical refineries and other similar industries.

Prevention of heat-related diseases requires the participation of the workers. For this reason, the aim of this study was the development and validation of the tools for evaluating awareness and practice related to heat stress among the workers of warm workplaces.

The various items and factors related to the awareness and practice of the workers were identified by the literature review. Then, several questions for evaluating these items were designed. In the next step, the reliability and validity of the questionnaires were appraised using calculating the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI), and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, respectively. After that, these questionnaires were completed by 2338 employees of six industries in various regions of Iran. Finally, collected data were analyzed using SPSS software.

In total, 77 questions, including 53 questions on awareness and 24 questions on practice in six groups of water and beverages, food, snacks and additives, heat exchange, thermal strain risk factors, clothing and heat protection equipment, and heat-related disorders and body reactions, were designed. The values of content validity index (CVI) of remained questions in the questionnaires of awareness and practice were equal to 0.954 and 0.824, respectively. The values of Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of these questionnaires were calculated by 0.755 and 0.716, respectively. The values of the chi-square divided by degrees of freedom (CMIN/DF) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) in the construction of the awareness questionnaire were computed as 4.58 and 0.079, respectively. These values in the construction of the practice questionnaire were calculated by 2.33 and 0.084, respectively.

The results showed that the designed questionnaires had appropriate reliability and validity and could be used to evaluate the awareness and practice in warm workplaces.

Cultural semiotics is one of the types of the semiotics of new criticism with which the hidden layers of Shams Ghazals can be explored. Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, also known as Molavi, has expressed his mystical thoughts in Ghazals elegantly and with great capacity. Explaining astronomical myths is one of the most important codes in cultural semiotics. In this article, the descriptive-analytical method and content analysis method were used to study and analyze astronomical myths in the first seventy Ghazals of Shams. The results showed that Shams Ghazals are the manifestation of astronomical myths‎that‎ have‎influenced‎Moulavi’s‎ subconscious.‎Also,‎it‎was‎ found‎that‎ this mystic poet has used these astronomical myths and beliefs to explain his intellectual and mystical patterns. The ancient beliefs and myths have long considered the astronomy and astronomical phenomena to be influential in their destiny. Accordingly, in the present study, astronomical myths in Shams Ghazals were investigated.

Increasing the level of resilience is one of the approaches to reduce the consequences of fire. Resilience is one of the most important and practical concepts in crisis management that has been considered in recent years.The current study was aim to identify and prioritize of indicators affecting resilience in the event of fire-induced emergencies in combined cycle power plant using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP).

By reviewing the texts and semi-structured interviews with 15 experts, 20 effective indicators in fire resilience in the combined cycle power plant were identified and classified into three main groups based on the McManus’ model. In the next step, the weights of the indices of each group were determined using the FAHP method. Finally, the first three indicators of each group were selected for final prioritization and pairwise comparisons were performed between them again.

The results showed that three indicators of structural stability (w=0.168), senior management awareness of roles and responsibilities (W = 0.145), risk perception and acceptance (W = 0.138) play the most important role. And logistics support index (0.069) is the least important in determining the level of resilience.

By recognizing the effective indicators in determining the level of resilience against fire in emergency situations, decision makers could define and implement corrective and preventive measures to improve safety and increase resilience based on priority.

Nurses face many professional dangers such as needle stick injuries. This study investigated the effects of nurses' personal and professional characteristics on needle stick injuries.

The present cross-sectional study was performed on 200 nursing staff in a hospital. The sampling method was the classified method. Participants were asked to complete a researcher-made questionnaire on personal characteristics (age, work experience, gender, marital status, and educational level) and job (work department, number of shifts per month, and type of work shift). Also, the number of their needle stick events was extracted from their medical records.

The prevalence of needle sticks was 45.5%. Based on individual characteristics, the mean age and work experience of people with a history of needle stick are significantly lower than people without a history of needle stick (P <0.03). There was a significant relationship between needle stick history and educational level (P <0.00). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups without and with a history of needle stick in terms of marital status (P = 0.11) and gender (P = 0.13). Based on job characteristics, there were significant relationships between the history of needle stick with the variables of type of work shift (P = 0.00) and the number of shifts per month (P <0.00).

Some personal and professional characteristics effective in needle sticking were identified. These findings can be used as a guide to prioritize individuals to take precautionary measures against needle sticking.