سید هادی موسوی

One of the very key concepts in the definition of modern Islamic civilization is the concept of "spirituality". In this article, our main problem is to investigate the intrinsic and essential components of spirituality in the modern Islamic civilization and the abundance of spirituality in the modern civilization and the guiding place of spirituality in this civilization from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei's thoughts. Our purpose in this research is to provide a deep understanding of the concept of Islamic spirituality and to assess the aspects of the influence of spirituality in the foundation, evolution and progress and realization of the new Islamic civilization in the thought of Ayatollah Khamenei.  

In this article, the analytical descriptive method is used, relying on library sources. In the analytical descriptive method, first of all, the issues and topics of the article are tried from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei by following and studying throughout his works and statements, focusing on the two concepts of "spirituality" and "new Islamic civilization" with three characteristics of conceptual system, deep description and systematic view. , be explained, and in the next step, based on deep and clear explanations and descriptions of the research subjects, we will analyze their different aspects, layers and levels in a logical, chain-wise, systematic and ijtihad way.

1. From the point of view of Ayatollah Khamenei, Islamic spirituality in such a way that the type of spirituality includes faith and knowledge of the unseen, obedience and actions based on the Sharia, and finally being adorned with moral virtues. In other words, the subject of Islamic spirituality, "spiritual intellect", " "spiritual soul" and "spiritual verb".A brief summary of the concept of new Islamic civilization being full of spirituality from Ayatollah Khamenei's point of view is that according to what forms the interior of Islamic spirituality, new civilization is a spiritual and divine civilization that is full of collective spiritual rationality, which is a sign of its expansion. Belief in the unseen and worldview is clear, full of meaning and divine, and the prominent feature of this faith is awareness, commitment, responsibility, and continuous reproduction. In the context of this spiritual rationality and the commitment and fertility of everyone's faith, humans become possessed of a spiritual soul and soul, the obvious effect of which is the existence and abundance and predominance of moral virtues in the modern Islamic civilization, and the scarcity, weakness, and lack of governance of vices, impurities, and rebellions.The first aspect of the role of Islamic spirituality in shaping the new Islamic civilization is the foundational and infrastructure-building aspect, in the sense that Muslims can once again realize great ideals such as the new Islamic civilization. And make their actions real in their intellect, soul and action.Another effective aspect of spirituality for Islamic civilization is that spirituality, just as it is a source of soul, purpose and identity for humans, it also gives meaning, identity and purpose to society and modern civilization.Another aspect of spirituality guidance for the modern Islamic civilization is mainly due to the spiritual view and knowledge of the world and man, and it provides the theoretical and worldview infrastructure of the modern Islamic civilization.The other aspect of guiding spirituality for the new Islamic civilization is to ensure the inner endurance of man and to fight against the internal factors that weaken this endurance inside and outside of man in order to realize the new Islamic civilization as well as its effective survival and continuity.Another effect of Islamic spirituality in modern Islamic civilization is that it prevents believers from being influenced by enemies' obsessions and following sensual desires as the causes of weakening perseverance in the direct path of Islamic civilization and deviation from it.

According to Ayatollah Khamenei, Islamic spirituality is faith in the unseen, the inner purity of man in the light of the unseen, and submission and servitude to the unseen. The concept of modern Islamic civilization being full of spirituality also refers to the existence of conscious faith and the rule of virtues and the centrality of divine worship throughout modern Islamic civilization. The effective and guiding aspects of Islamic spirituality for the new Islamic civilization are the six aspects of grounding, identity-building, knowledge-giving, strength and endurance-giving, immunity-building and speeding-up of the new Islamic civilization. Islamic spirituality covers the modern Islamic civilization from the beginning to the end: it provides the ground for the formation of the modern civilization, gives it identity and identity, provides its basic knowledge, strengthens its foundations and existence, protects it against degeneration and It prevents stagnation and stagnation and gives speed and ease to its movement to reach its goals.

β-Thalassemia is one of the most common groups of hereditary hemoglobinopathies. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of hepcidin, ferritin, some interleukins (IL-6 and IL-10), and some hormones (Testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) in β-thalassemia patients compared to healthy people.

This study was conducted on 150 male subjects. Individuals were randomly assigned to either case group (β-thalassemia patients, n=100) or control group (healthy, n=50) based on simple randomization from Azadi Teaching Hospital and Al-Jumhuri Hospital in Iraq, from April 2022 to July 2022. Experimental work was carried out at laboratories in Kirkuk, Iraq.

Our findings showed that the hepcidin and ferritin concentrations had a significant increase in the case group (P<0.05) compared to the control group. IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations demonstrated a significant rise in patients (P<0.05) compared to the control group. The concentration of sexual hormones (Testosterone and FSH) demonstrated a significant reduction in the case group (P<0.05) compared to the control group.

β-thalassemia, in addition to hematological abnormalities, is caused by mutations in the beta gene. It is involved with other problems, such as immune, inflammatory, and endocrine imbalances. Evaluating and monitoring the biochemical, hormonal, and inflammatory factors mentioned in the present study can help prevent the iron-overload-induced consequences of major β-thalassemia.

Today, waste management is one of the most essential axes of sustainable development. The growing trend of waste production has doubled the need to pay attention to this issue.
The present study is based on descriptive-analytical method and relying on library resources, including books and related research.
In our country, Article 50 of the Constitution and the Law on Waste Management, as well as other scattered laws, including the Islamic Penal Code, have established appropriate legal capacities in waste management. Among the envisaged mechanisms is the guarantee of criminal executions for perpetrators of actions outside the framework and legal rules in the field of waste.
Unlike some countries that have used both the tools of imprisonment and fines to control this issue, the punitive policy of the Iranian legal system is based on the fine of the offender and does not mention imprisonment as a deterrent mechanism.

The purpose of the study, with a descriptive-analytical method based on library documents, lies in explaining and proving the concept of two components of Ayatollah Khamenei`s theology including: "establishment of religion" and "rule of religion" as two parts of Islamic religion. The findings of the research show that "establishing religion", that is, practicing it in all aspects of life, is one of the components of Islam. The sum of "sciences and rules" and their "external realization" form the religion of Islam, and Islam insists on establishing all the components of the religion and is not satisfied with the realization of some parts of them. "Sovereignty of religion" is also one of the components of Islam. Islam has both "jurisdictional general sovereignty" which means the inclusion of its systematic rulings on all aspects of human life, and it also has "objective general sovereignty" over society, which is manifested in the social political sovereignty of Islam

One of the important issues in Ayatollah Khamenei's thought is the issue of Islamic government and its principles. In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method, a precise and reasoned explanation of the principles of "origin" and "legitimacy" of the Islamic government from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei is presented and research questions are answered. The findings of the present article show that according to Ayatollah Khamenei, according to the three principles of the origin of Islamic government, namely the exclusive and absolute sovereignty of God over human beings, lack of independent sovereignty of human beings over each other and the need for human government as the channel of divine sovereignty, the only source of government. Islam is God Almighty and His permission. Accordingly, according to Ayatollah Khamenei, God Almighty, as the sole source of Islamic sovereignty, is the exclusive agent of the legitimacy of the Islamic government, and the Islamic ruler, whether infallible or the comprehensive jurist of the conditions derives the legitimacy of his sovereignty only from the divine source. The will and acceptance of the people is also a necessary condition for the realization of the Islamic government from the point of view of the Shari'a, and if this condition disappears, the possibility of the sharia realization of the Islamic government is eliminated.

Education is the vital and economic engine of any society that changed from traditional to electronic mode following the Covid-19 epidemic and provided the necessary context for self-teaching thinking. In the field of education, there is a concept called self-directed learning, which consists of three separate parts: self means personal, directed means guidance and learning means learning. In fact, self- directed learning includes all cognitive and motivational processes which the learner determines goals accordingly and plans in that direction.

 This research is a narrative review study of some articles and books published in the field of self- directed learning from 1975 to 2020.

 To achieve self- direction in learning, it is necessary to strengthen skills and characteristics. In fact, both learner and teacher have roles that the learner can contribute to the effectiveness of their learning.

One of the effective ways to be self- directed in learning, motivation and commitment. In fact, self- directed learning will be effective when the person first feels the need to learn, then determines goals for successful learning, and finally, to achieve the goals from communication tools, participation and teacher monitoring get help.

When Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was pressured by the international and domestic community to reduce the atmosphere of repression in the second half of 1976, he was forced to take measures and reforms, Carter declared a political open space in the United States and Jamshid Amoozgar was appointed The Prime Minister in August 1977 was the product of these conditions. To clarify the dimensions of this new discourse, even after years of closed political space, requires reflection on the contexts and components created in the time frame of the research. One of the most important sources for identifying and identifying the characteristics of open political discourse is the Information Newspaper and its approach to the developments and contexts of the new discourse. The main question of this research is what was the reflection of the open political discourse of the United States of America during the term of Prime Minister Jamshid Amoozgar? The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, which will be analyzed after the description of the content. Did. The Shah and the People Revolution, the Resurrection Party, People's Participation, Freedom of Speech and Writing, Human Rights, and the Freedom of Political Party Activities were among the hallmarks of the open political discourse in the Information newspaper and served as a hub for open political discourse. Articulated. .

Objective :

Nowadays, plant components with anti-cancer effects and multi-mechanisms are desired by scientists. Studies have shown which to control of multi-factors diseases like cancer, should emphasize on anti-cancer multi-mechanisms components. One of the most common cancers in today's societies is glioblastoma. Therefore, in this research, the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of saffron corm as an anti-tumor drug on the survival of glioblastoma cells was investigated. 

 In this study, extract of corm saffron (Crocus sativus L.) was prepared by softening method. The U87 cell line (human primary glioblastoma cell line) was prepared from a pasteurized cell bank, multiple times passage, and the cells reached the required number. Cytotoxic drugs and extract of saffron curry were performed simultaneously and simultaneously based on MTT colorimetric assay with certain concentrations of drug and extract in 24.48, and 72 hours. The apoptotic changes of 120, and 240 mg ml-1 of extract and control were measured by using flow cytometry and propidiodideid. In addition, ROS was measured for each of the concentrations of extract and control by fluorimetry and staining with DCF-DA.  

Results of MTT test shown that the highest cytotoxic effect was related to 400 μg ml-1 hydro alcoholic corm extract with 90 % toxicity and treatment 200 μg ml-1 with about 60 % toxicity stayed on second position. Temzolamide drug 125 μM had the highest toxicity of effect 55 %. The highest amounts of apoptotic cell death 87 and 95 % were related to 240 μg ml-1 hydro alcoholic corm extract in 24 and 48 hours after treat respectively based on flow cytometry data. ROS test at 6 hours after treat shown that the highest amount of adsorption were related to 240 and 120 μg ml-1 hydro alcoholic corm extracts respectively.  

The results 24, 48, and 72 hours treatment of saffron corn extract and temzolamide showed their anti-tumor effects on glayobastoma cancer cells, and the results were dose-dependent and time-dependent. The results of the cytotoxic, apoptotic and oxidative stress determined that saffron corm extract have anti-tumor effects on U87 cancer cell line significantly (P <0.0001) level and can increase oxidative stress on them.

The rapid growth of IT applications and providing more services on computer networks comes with security threats with malicious and business targets. One method to deal with network traffic analysis complexities is to analyze a summary of network data that is extracted from network connections. Netflow is a defacto standard for generating network flow data introduced by Cisco and integrated into Cisco switches and routers which produce flow records about underlying network traffic. In this paper, we use machine learning techniques to analyze Netflow data and classifying connections pertain to network attacks and do respective prevention measures after the classification. Machine learning algorithms including Naïve Bayes, SVM, and NBTree has been used to model different attacks based on network flow data. In the evaluation phase, KDDcup99 dataset used and related features to Netflow data are selected (7 features), and then, classification has been done with both original KDDcup99 features (41 features) and our selected Netflow features. Average classification accuracy for different 22 attack classes and one benign class shows that using just seven Netflow related features does not affect the accuracy obviously while the computation overhead is obviously decreased. Average detection accuracy for our selected features in different algorithms is 97% whereas, for the best case (i.e, SVM) with 41 features, the average accuracy is 99% which is not so much better than our less complex Netflow based method.

Quality of life is a multidimensional concept that is influenced by many important factors such as physical and mental health. Health literacy is also one of the factors that has a significant impact on quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between nurses' quality of life and health literacy in the largest heart center of Northwest Iran in 2018.

The present study is an analytical, cross-sectional study that was performed on 217 nurses working in the largest heart center of Northwest in Tabriz through random sampling. Study data were collected using the 36-item Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36) and the Adult Functional Health Literacy Standard Questionnaire (HELIA). Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, by SPSS software version 25.

The mean and standard deviation of nurses' quality of life was (59.17±7.6) and the majority of subjects 84(37.8%) had good quality of life. the mean and standard deviation of the overall health literacy was estimated to be 75.9 ± 13.3, indicating adequate health literacy among nurses. There was a significant relationship between different dimensions of quality of life with total health literacy score (P <0.001), but there was no significant relationship between understanding and quality of life’s dimensions.

Findings showed that increasing nurses' health literacy has positive effects on some aspects of their quality of life. Therefore, while communicating with nursing staff, nursing managers should pay close attention to their health and quality of life, and should try to improve their quality of life by developing educational programs and promoting health literacy.

Field Effect Carbon Nanotube Transistor (CNFET) is a promising and new technology that overcomes the traditional limitations of integrated silicon circuit technology. In recent years, the potential of CNFET for analog circuit applications has been exploited. This paper presents a quadratic analog multiplier using CNFETs. designed. The simulation-based on 32nm CNFET technology shows that the multiplier has very low harmonic distortion (less than 0.45%), large input range (±400 mv), high bandwidth (50 ~ GHz) and low power consumption (247 ~ μW), in While at the supply voltage it is ±0.9  volts.

This article examines the meaning, the concept and the nature of the transformation what is transformation in the humanities as a software of modern Islamic civilization from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei. What is inferred from the descriptive-analytical method of Ayatollah Khameneichr('39')s statement is that the production of humanities, due to its intellectual dignity and its directional function, which is included in the feature of the software of these sciences, has an unparalleled role in the formation of civilization Modern Islamic. From his point of view, the concept of transformation in the human sciences has two intrinsic and constitutive components that make sense and meaning of the transformation. The first component of the concept of transformation in the human sciences is the negative approach to the existing humanities.The spirit of this negative form, the inevitable turning away from the Western humanities due to their intrinsic crisis, requires the revolution and reversal of these sciences in various fields of Foundations, principles, methods, orientations and ends, as well as their degradation from the position of "the axis of recognition and The ultimate knowledge of man "is. The second and final element of the nature of the transformation of the human sciences is a positive approach to the true production of Islamic human sciences. The truth of this evolutionary aspect is the complete rejoinder of Islamic thought, which relies on the texts and divine sources and Islamic culture of Islam in a scholarly way, and relying on such vast, profound and deep Islamic capacities, in a continuous, difficult and The vital way of the productive, institutionalized, and creative work of the Islamic Humanities is taking steps.

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most prevalent group of primary brain tumors. Terminalia chebula has traditionally been used for its anti-cancer, laxative, diuretic, and anti-oxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of alcoholic extract of Terminalia Chebula (TCAE) on the glioblastoma multiforme (U87) cell line. Cellular cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay and intracellular active oxygen species were measured using DCFDA (2 'and 7'-dichloro fluorescein diacetate) assay kit. In addition, apoptotic cells were detected with an Annexin V-FITC early apoptosis staining. TCAE reduced the proliferation of U87 cells in a concentration- dependent manner. IC50 was 145.3 and 192.3 μg/mL after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Activated reactive species decreased significantly at 2 and 6 hours after treatment compared to the control group. Furthermore, induction of apoptosis occurred in the first 24 hours. TCAE caused the destruction of cancer cells enhance the free radical species of oxygen and induce apoptosis on glioblastoma cell line. It seems that TCAE has the potential to use as an adjuvant drug for treatment of glioblastoma

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is the most common cancer in children and is one of the main causes of their mortality. In this study, we examined the expression of long noncoding RNA CCDC26 gene and its downstream C-Kit gene in acute lymphocytic Leukemia cell line. This is an experimental study. In this study, the acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia cell lines T (RPMI 8402 and Jurkat) and the cell lines of Lymphoblastic B Leukemia (Daudi and Ramos) were used. After culture, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed. In order to study the expression of CCDC26 and C-Kit genes, Real Time PCR technique was done. One-way ANOVA test was performed to analyze the results. In RPMI8402 and Ramos cells, a significant increase in expression of CCDC26 was observed in comparison with the expression of the C-Kit gene (P<0.05) and in the RPMI8402 cell line, the expression of the expression of the CCDC26 gene was significant (p<0.05) But in the Jurkat and Daudi cell lines, the significant increase of C-Kit gene expression was observed as compared to the expression of the CCDC26 gene as well as the control sample (pv<0.05). Evidence suggests that lncRNA plays an important role as a marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of some cancers. The findings suggest that the CCDC26 gene located on the upstream of the C-Kit gene has a regulating role for this gene. The C-Kit gene plays a role in the growth and proliferation of blood cells.

Umbilical cord blood has been increasingly used as an alternate source of hematopoietic stem cells in the treatment of Hematologic malignancies and life-threatening diseases. The success of engraftment and survival of patients after cord blood transplantation highly depend on either the number of infused total nucleated cells (TNCs) or the number of CD34 cells per kilogram of recipient body weight. A standardization procedure for cord blood (CB) storage before and during cryopreservation is critical. This work is concerned with the effect of CB storage temperature and storage duration through the stages before cryopreservation on cell recovery, viability, aggregation of cells.
Total of 30 CB samples were casual collected from Tehran hospitals and remittances to cord blood bank. Total cells and viability were calculated and aggregation was evaluated. Each sample divided to 4 sample and stored at 4ᵒC, 12 ᵒC, 22 ᵒC, and 37 ᵒC for different periods of time after 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Total cells and viability were calculated and aggregation was evaluated. Subsequently, these results were evaluated with ANOVA methods.
At the beginning of the experiment, the total number of cells was 5-10 million/ml. All the specimens were investigated after 24 hours. At 4 cº a decrease in the number of viability cells was observed that was statistically significant with a p0.005). A significant drop (p This study shows that the vulnerability level of cells outside the body from cord blood collection till separation and freezing is directly correlated with storage time and temperature, which is statistically significant with a p

Brassica vegetables belong to Cruciferous family، and include diverse types of cabbage (green، red، etc.)، cauliflower، broccoli، Brussels sprouts and kale. Several studies have shown that consumption of these vegetables can lower incidence rate of cardiovascular and cancer diseases. One of these vegetables is Brassica oleracea. Studies suggested that red cabbage contains beneficial compounds which play a significant role in treatment of different disease such as cancer. This study evaluated cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea on cell line MCF-7.

The in-vitro study was carried out on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) at the end of the year 2014 in Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants. Cells were cultivated in DMEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum، 100 units/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin. Then، the cells were incubated with different concentrations of extracts. Cell viability was assessed by dint of MTT assay. Apoptotic cells were detected using propidium iodide (PI) staining of DNA fragments by flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak).

RC [S1] inhibited the growth of malignant cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. Following 24 hours، extract undermined cell viability at dose of 2000 µg/ml (P<0. 05)، after 48 hours increased cell death at doses of 1000 (P<0. 05)، 1500 (P<0. 05) and 2000 (P<0. 01). After 72h، rate of cell death increased at doses of 500 (P<0. 05)، 1000 (P<0. 01)، 1500 (P<0. 01) and 2000 (P<0. 001). Also، the extract induced apoptosis at doses of 1000 (P<0. 05)، 1500 (P<0. 01) and 2000 (P<0. 001). Further، the extract did not have any cytotoxicity effect on normal cells after 24، 48 and 72 hours. The IC50 was 2685 µg/ml.

The results of this study indicated that red cabbage accelerated cell death in MCF-7 cells via apoptosis induction. Therefore، red cabbage can be considered an effective treatment for breast cancer.

The allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used for the treatment of some hematological and non-hematological disorders, but the lack of suitable donors for many patients limits the use of this source therapy. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Despite all advantage lower cell doses is major obstacle in cord blood transplantation. Exvivo expansion of HSC is an alternative way to overcome this problem. In this experimental study, Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold coated with nano fibrous collagen compared to routine cell culture system is used for cell culture. Total cells, CD34 cell, CFC assay, and CXCR-4 expression was performed. Our findings demonstrated that the total cell expansion and CD34+ cells in 3 dimensional (3D) scaffold compared to routine culture system (2D) was higher (p< 0.05). Also total colony cells in 3D scaffold was higher than 2D cell culture system and statically significant (p< 0.05). Higher CXCR-4 expression in 3D compared to 2D showed better homing of cells cultured in 3D scaffold (p< 0.05). PCL scaffold coated with nano fibrous collagen was a proper cell culture system compared to 2D for cell expansion.

Close cooperation between pharmacists and physicians to provide higher levels of healthcare to community especially in ambulatory care is important. Both physicians and pharmacists experience professional problems in working with each other and have certain expectations from each other. The objective of this study was to evaluate professional problems between physicians and pharmacists. This study was performed on randomly-selected physicians and pharmacists working in private or public centers in Mashhad, Iran. Subjects voluntarily answered to a predesigned questionnaire containing questions about their demographic characteristics, the most usual problems and expectations in collaboration with pharmacists or physicians and their supposed solutions to improve this collaborative work. These impact of demographic characteristics on the responses were statistically analyzed by SPSS software. Twenty-five physicians and 25 pharmacists were enrolled. Among physicians participated in this study, 60% and among pharmacists 68% were women. Mean (SD) age of physicians was 38.1 ± 9.2 and the mean age of pharmacists was 35.1 ± 10.8 years. The most frequent problems posed by the pharmacists were bad handwriting of physicians (92%), not-written dosage and way of consumption (48%) and lack of consultation and lack of trust to pharmacists (36%). The most common problems of physicians in working relationships with pharmacists were selling prescription-only medications without a physician's order (80%), scientific interference in working with physicians and explaining to the patient that the wrong medication is prescribed by a physician (72%) delivery of wrong medication to the patient by pharmacists (60%). To resolve this problem, both groups emphasized the need for consultation meetings. Both physicians and pharmacists need to identify the most important problems in cooperation with each other and solve them to improve general public health and reduce medication failures.

Attention to reproductive health and its appropriate training are important for the society in crises especially the vulnerable groups (women & children) due to mortality reduction and diseases prevention. Since the youth can have an important role in learning and dissemination of knowledge in the community, Youth Organization of Red Crescent society aims to study and evaluate the impact of reproductive health training in crises on knowledge, attitudes and performance of its young volunteers groups. In this study, the workshop of Reproductive Health in Crises was held for groups of young women who were the members of Youth Organization of Red Crescent society in three provinces (East Azerbaijan, Kurdistan and Semnan). By using facilitating and participatory method, knowledge, attitude and performance of the participants and indicators were measured and compared before and after workshop. According to the findings, the mean pretest score was 14.45, 10.71 and 19.6 out of 40 in East Azerbaijan, Semnan and Kurdistan provinces respectively. However, it was 28.04, 25.11 and 27.55 after the workshop. In addition, advancement of knowledge, attitude and performance was 113.5%, 209.4%, and 43.2% respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in knowledge, attitude and performance of the participators in the mentioned provinces before and after the workshop. (P1=0.00, P2 =0.00, P3=0.00) The results showed that training workshops of reproductive health improve knowledge, attitude and performance of youth with using facilitating and participatory method. Therefore, it is necessary to held and continue such a training courses in these provinces and other provinces

Hepatitis B is one of the most dangerous causes of liver infection in the world، and the first known factor responsible for post transfusion infections (PTI). Thus، all donated units and blood products are tested for HBV. HBV genotypes are divided into eight groups with genotype D being dominant in Iran. Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is common worldwide and the possibility of transmission of hepatitis B infection is a cause of concern in blood transfusion centers. The present article attempted to review articles published in association with hepatitis B and blood transfusion in Iran to show an image of hepatitis B in Iran compared to the world. Studies done in Iran have shown varied statistics of hepatitis B infections. In thalassemics، hemodialysis patients، and intravenous drug users، 1. 5%، 5. 1% and 5. 8% were HBsAg positive، respectively. OBI rate also varies from 0. 15 to 1. 5 percent. The levels of HBsAg in different reports were shown to be 0. 47%، 0. 41%، 0. 23%، 0. 4% and 1. 08% among blood donors; however، the rate of infection was very low in regular donors. Given the importance of the screening of hepatitis B in blood donors، using sensitive diagnostic tests، especially molecular tests، for reduction in the window period is critical.