سیدعلی حسینی

The origins of modern technological change provide the necessary context for understanding today's technological developments, examining the impact of new digital technologies, and examining the phenomenon of digital disruption in emerging industries and businesses. Time will tell how new technologies transform industries and institutions. But what is significant is the role of data in technological developments and creative destruction that causes digital transformation and new business models, business strategies, innovation and capabilities at the global, national, corporate and local levels. The main purpose of the current research; Design is a framework for developing data-driven creative destruction. The research method was conducted qualitatively with the grounded theory approach and Strauss and Corbin theory and systematic approach. The statistical population of the research includes those who have theoretical knowledge in relation to entrepreneurship theories, especially creative destruction, as well as those who have sufficient experience in the field of data-driven businesses. In order to analyze the qualitative data, open, central and selective coding steps were carried out and finally, the paradigm model of grounded theory was based on the comprising five main dimensions. and 21 sub-dimensions including causal factors (technology, personality and behavior, institutional framework) underlying factors (data behavioral, textual data, psychological data, demographic information, geographical data, destructive intent), intervening factors (organizational technology, the degree to which new value is created, effectiveness and cost management), strategies (creative development strategy, strategy Based on the structure, the strategy of redefining the business model, the strategy of sensing and shaping, the strategy of identification and seizure, the strategy of transformation and reconfiguration) and consequences (technological, socio-economic) were formed.

Reliable protection of microgrids faces significant challenges due to the uncertainty of renewable resources and non-radiative operation. This paper presents a novel adaptive protection scheme based on data mining using the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm, which relies only on local measurements (effective values ​​and symmetric components) and does not require a communication infrastructure. Key innovations of this design include complete independence from communication channels (leading to cost reduction and increased reliability), the ability to simultaneously detect and classify faults using local data, and comprehensive consideration of operational uncertainties (including fault tolerance, different levels of renewable generation, load levels, and different microgrid operating modes) in the analysis and training process. For evaluation, a comprehensive database of different scenarios was created using simulation in DIgSILENT software and the KNN algorithm was implemented in Python. The key results confirm the very high efficiency of the proposed method; so that the overall average accuracy of the KNN algorithm in correctly detecting and classifying faults in all protection devices of the test network was about 95.2%. It is worth noting that the accuracy in many protection points was higher than 98% and in some cases reached 100%. These findings indicate that the proposed KNN-based approach provides an effective, accurate, and reliable solution for adaptive protection of microgrids without the need for communications and considering real-world uncertainties.

The legislative and policy-making framework regulating urban tourism in the country has consistently neglected the importance of local institutions in the integrated tourism development process. This framework has predominantly adopted a state-centered and authoritarian perspective, establishing general mandates in numerous approved laws and programs without allocating the requisite financial resources to local institutions. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in the context of collaborations with government tourism agencies, which have transpired without significant involvement from local stakeholders. These constraints have notably impacted the Tehran Municipality, the nation’s capital. It holds considerable potential to capitalize on its distinctive urban tourism offerings across multiple sectors, including historical, cultural, architectural, and health tourism. In Tehran, urban affairs are managed by the Tehran Municipality alongside 23 governmental entities. Furthermore, as the capital city, Tehran often involves various ministries and governmental organizations in its urban management processes. In a centralized framework, each component of the tourism development process in Tehran is governed by a specific government organization or department. Furthermore, these governmental and public entities, including tourism institutions that operate as agents of the central government, possess distinct laws, plans, and budgets. The lack of an inter-institutional coordination mechanism significantly overlaps missions and plans within the tourism development process. Consequently, the county offices of the government serve as the sole implementers of the policies established by the government and are required to be accountable for their performance to the governing body. A confluence of legal, legislative, political, institutional, historical, and managerial factors has culminated in a scenario where municipalities, particularly those in Tehran, encounter significant structural and managerial constraints in advancing institutional infrastructure necessary for urban tourism development. The primary aim of this study is to perform an analytical review of the laws, policies, and programs that influence the institutional frameworks governing tourism development at the local level, with a particular emphasis on the Tehran Municipality. Additionally, this research intends to propose viable solutions to enhance the involvement of local institutions, specifically the municipality and city Council, in leveraging the extensive resources associated with urban tourism in Tehran.

The present study employs a qualitative research methodology, utilizing a documentary approach to investigate the legal impediments to establishing institutional arrangements for urban tourism in Tehran. This investigation is conducted by analyzing legal documents and existing evidence framed within a historical context. Accordingly, the research incorporates a documentary and legal research framework to systematically collect, categorize, and analyze relevant materials. In documentary research employing a legal research methodology, the investigator analyzes legal texts, written documents, and existing evidence through a historical lens to scrutinize the development of laws, resolutions, and other legal instruments pertinent to a specific issue. This approach aims to construct a comprehensive overview of the current context by accurately interpreting these materials, thereby elucidating the historical trajectory of legislation and clarifying its legal implications for the relevant organizations and policymakers.

The formulation of effective laws and policies to foster the development of urban tourism is essential and constitutes a primary responsibility of national governments. Such measures are crucial for promoting urban tourism, generating employment opportunities, and establishing tourism branding in regions with significant potential. However, a review of documents and legislation pertaining to urban tourism in Iran reveals significant deficiencies in the preparation and approval processes of tourism-related policies, particularly in two key areas: One is the insufficient focus on urban tourism as a component of national and regional tourism at the local level and the second is the notable neglect of the role and capabilities of local institutions, including municipalities, in the development of urban tourism. In the constrained legal and regulatory framework governing the activities of Tehran Municipality, which serves as both the capital and the principal urban management entity of Tehran, the development of urban tourism centered on local institutions encounters significant challenges. Nevertheless, by leveraging existing legal frameworks, a comprehensive set of solutions can be developed and proposed to enhance the capabilities of the capital municipality, which serves as the sole urban management authority in Tehran and is responsible for the spatial entirety of the city region in various service and infrastructure domains. Drafting bills that focus on empowering the capital’s municipality to take a leadership role in urban tourism development and requiring other urban government service organizations to comply with integrated programs designed for this purpose is essential. The other solution includes drafting bills aimed at freeing urban tourism from cumbersome government regulations in investment, advertising, and the branding of the capital’s unique attractions for developing urban tourism infrastructures. Additionally, developing and implementing a coordinating mechanism between the organizations and institutions responsible for tourism and the Tehran Municipality, centered on the City Council, will help reduce duplication of efforts and enhance coordination in executing tourism development plans. These actions can be considered strategic priorities for restoring integrated policymaking and planning in urban tourism development.

The primary focus of this study is the insufficient policy-making and planning capabilities of local institutions, specifically municipalities, within the urban tourism development process. This deficiency has resulted in significant weaknesses and shortcomings in legislative frameworks at the national level, thereby imposing various structural and institutional constraints on local entities as they strive to enhance their institutional arrangements in urban tourism. Municipalities, particularly the capital city municipality, lack a defined legal status in Iran concerning tourism development policies and planning. Their role is significantly weaker and more precarious in comparison to government agencies that possess broader legal authority in this domain. From the standpoint of macro and microstructural considerations pertaining to laws and regulations governing urban tourism development, obstacles and challenges can be categorized into two primary groups. The first challenge pertains to the presence of a centralized and sector-specific management system characterized by fragmented laws and regulations. In this framework, governmental oversight is extensive, resulting in an ambiguous role for local institutions, such as municipalities, within the tourism development process. The second challenge pertains to the prevalence of numerous inconsistencies and the absence of integration mechanisms among local organizations, including governmental and public institutions. This deficiency arises from the lack of coordinating legislation, resulting in a situation where local public institutions, particularly municipalities, are unable to establish the necessary institutional and structural frameworks essential for the advancement of urban tourism development.

There are various ways to express the overall intention and focal points of a text, and keywords might be the most appropriate choice. Keywords are defined as the most prominent phrases in a document that convey its main message. By extracting relevant words and phrases from a text, keyword extraction can help to uncover meaningful patterns in the text and provide an overview of the content. It can also help highlight the most significant concepts in a text and focus the attention of a machine learning algorithm on them. Keyword extraction is an imperative subtask of natural language processing. By reducing the complexity of the text and making it easier to process, keyword extraction can be used as the basis for many other processing tasks such as text classification, clustering, and summarization. By extracting keywords from text, a machine can better understand the meaning and context of the text. This enables it to better analyze the text, recognize patterns, and make more accurate decisions. It can also reduce the amount of time it takes to process the text by eliminating unnecessary words and focusing on the most important words. Many datasets are proposed for evaluating keyword extraction methods in Persian, most of which only contain authors’ keywords and do not cover all potential ones. Thus, using such datasets leads to incorrect judgments about the accuracy of the suggested supervised and unsupervised methods. In this paper, we introduce Noor-Vajeh, a Persian keyword extraction dataset of about 1400 scientific papers. We asked experts to extract potential keywords besides the authors’ keywords to complete the keywords set for each article. The resulting dataset is a valuable resource for ongoing research into Persian keyword extraction. To evaluate the dataset to be used as a benchmark, we tested several unsupervised keyword extraction methods. We used these methods because, compared to supervised methods, they take less time to execute and require minimal to no manual tuning. Moreover, they are able to extract keywords with a high degree of accuracy and generalize well to different articles. Furthermore, due to the wide variety of categories of unsupervised learning methods, graph-based methods have been regularly applied in different projects, so we describe and use some of their most famous ones, such as TextRank, SingleRank, and PositionRank. These algorithms can identify important words and phrases in a given text, as well as identify relationships between them. Doing so can provide insights into the overall structure and meaning of the text. This makes them especially useful for finding patterns and making predictions in a variety of tasks, such as machine translation, text summarization, and sentiment analysis. Furthermore, graph-based methods are highly versatile and can be adapted to different datasets and tasks. This makes them ideal for use in benchmark datasets. The results inferred from these methods confirm the comparisons made between the methods employed in other papers.

The present study investigated the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and pollen (PO) on tyrosine kinase receptor B (TRKb) in mice exposed to cadmium. Studies have shown that cadmium causes a decrease in BDNF and inactivation of TRKb.

25 male Sprague-Dawley mice were selected at the age of 8 weeks, and were randomly replaced in five groups of five, which included the healthy control group (HC), the cadmium control group CD), cadmium + pollen group (PO), cadmium group + intense intermittent exercise (HIIT), cadmium + pollen group + intense intermittent exercise (HIIT-PO) group. Cadmium was administered as cadmium chloride 400 mg/kg.l dissolved in water to all groups except the healthy control. Daily, 200 mg of flower pollen in 2.4 cc of normal saline was given by gavage to groups (PO/HIIT-PO). To determine the maximum intensity of exercise, the standard Bedford incremental test was used for the HIIT-PO and HIIT groups. 48 hours after the final training session and supplementation, the mice were anesthetized using ketamine (50 mg/kg) and xylosine (20 mg/kg) after a 12-hour fasting period. The hippocampus of the brain was extracted and the data were analyzed using independent T-test and two-way ANOVA with SPSS 16 software.

Cadmium significantly decreased TRKb (P≤0.05), HIIT training and pollen supplementation significantly increased TRKb, and the interaction effect of HIIT training and pollen supplementation was also significant (P≤0.05).

It is possible that the antioxidant effects of pollen can increase TRKb levels, HIIT training increases the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the brain, which can facilitate the synthesis of BDNF and therefore increase TRKb levels.

Fear of falling (FOF) is a critical and highly prevalent neuropsychological disorder in stroke patients, confining the individual in mobility, activities of daily living, and communication. Screening and detecting FOF is crucial in effective and efficient rehabilitation management. Considering that none of the questionnaires that assess the FOF in patients with stroke are single-item, the present study was conducted to design and validate a single-item scale (FOF rating scale [FOF-RS]) for a faster and step-by-step screening of the FOF in stroke patients. Also, considering the impact of psychosocial factors such as anxiety and depression on the fear of falling in these patients, they were controlled in this study.

In a cross-sectional study, 180 participants suffering post-stroke symptoms were recruited from public and private rehabilitation clinics, including Rafideh Hospital, Loqman Hospital, Tajrish SHohada Hospital, Nizam Mafi Clinic, Hasti Clinic, and Iran Rehabilitation Faculty Clinic through convenience sampling in Tehran City, Iran. Sampling was conducted within 3 months, between December 2021 and March 2022. The cut-off point and validity indicators were computed for FOF-RS, considering FES-I (falls efficacy scale-international) as a criterion measure.

Based on receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, the resulting cut-off point for the FOF-RS (>3) had a satisfactory level of specificity (82.30) and sensitivity (77.61). Also, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 32.8 and 97.1, respectively. 

The FOF-RS has an adequate level of diagnostic accuracy and may well be used as a fast tool for screening FOF. Besides, it could assess step-by-step protocols in chronic stroke patients.

Considering the sensitivity of women's presence in society from the perspective of Muslims, the present study seeks to answer the main question, "What is the social position of women from the perspective of the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, based on the analysis of events in Nosayba the life of Nosayba bint Ka'b?" It has taken shape. The authors of this essay have come to the conclusion by describing and analyzing the events of Nosayba's life with the help of the library, that due to the lack of a narrative stating the displeasure of the Prophet of Islam, peace and blessings be upon him, as well as the fact that there is no authentic historical narration that prevents the presence of Nosayba and other women. In the community, the presence of women has been without problems and even necessary in some cases from the perspective of the Prophet of Islam.For history-based analysis,historians are interested in identifying effective men and women in it; The role of history-making women has always been effective in the analysis of history, especially when this history leads to Masoom (peace be upon him). Because the social behavior of women is visible and in the view of the innocents and the way the innocents interact with these behaviors can clarify the social position of women and can be referred to religion. Therefore, it will be very important to deal with the role of women in the society. Despite everyone's recognition of this importance and necessity, unfortunately,the social role of women at the forefront of Islam has not been addressed as it should, therefore it is necessary to conduct research on these people and this segment of society.There are women in the history of Islam whose names and fame have been heard less,but their effect and performance in their own time and society have shone more than their names. One of these role-playing women was Nosayba bint Kaab, who was present in political relations, wars and social activities and did effective work. Analyzing her personality in the context of the history of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, can answer the main question of the present article,"How is the analysis of the social status of women from the perspective of the Prophet, peace be upon him, relying on the role of Nosayba bint Ka'b at the beginning of Islam?"

The basis of urban branding is to introduce the capacities and attractions of cities by presenting the distinct identity of that city. A destination can become a brand when it has chosen the right tools and identity to make it stand out from its competitors.

The current research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. In this research, in order to collect the information needed for the research from documentary methods (library and document review) and field (interview) and to analyze the data, the qualitative methodology of thematic analysis was used and data analysis through Attride-Stirling theme network analysis has been done. Based on the path taken by this research, first, a semi-structured and in-depth interview was conducted with twenty-two Kerman tourism experts and data analysis was done through MAXQDA software. In the six-step process, in the first step, 314 initial codes were extracted from the interviews. Then these codes were reduced to 70 basic themes, 12 organizing themes and 7 overarching themes (dimensions).

Kerman's tourism brand identity has various dimensions that have been developed in this research. These dimensions include "psychological ", "social-cultural ", "marketing ", "economic ", "urban and physical management ", "governance " and "environmental " which revolve around the structure of "city tourism brand identity" Kerman" are located. Each of these dimensions has components and concepts that explain the details of the brand identity pattern.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training combined with Tribulus terrestris extract on oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine markers in the heart tissue of male Wistar rats exposed to stanozolol.

In this experimental study, 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into 8 groups of 6 (1. Control, 2. Sham, 3. Stanozolol, 4. Stanozolol + Tribulus 50 mg/kg, 5. Stanozolol + Tribulus 100 mg/kg, 6. Resistance training, 7. Stanozolol + Tribulus 100 mg/kg + Resistance training, 8. Stanozolol + Tribulus 50 mg/kg + Resistance training). For 8 weeks, groups 3 to 8 received 5 mg/kg stanozolol daily via intraperitoneal injection. Groups 6 to 8 performed resistance training three times a week, and groups 4, 5, 7, and 8 received the specified doses of Tribulus terrestris daily via intraperitoneal injection. The expression levels of genes of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) were measured using Real-Time PCR.

Stanozolol significantly increased AOPP and MDA expression and decreased IL-10 expression in the heart tissue of rats (P<0.05). However, stanozolol combined with training significantly increased IL-10 and decreased AOPP and MDA (P<0.05). Additionally, stanozolol combined with training and Tribulus 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly increased IL-10 and decreased MDA and AOPP (P<0.05). In the group of stanozolol combined with training and Tribulus 100 mg/kg, IL-10 levels were higher and MDA levels were lower compared to the groups of stanozolol combined with training and stanozolol combined with training and Tribulus 50 mg/kg, but there was no significant difference in AOPP.

Resistance training and Tribulus terrestris extract appear to be mitigating factors for oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart tissue of rats, and the dose of 100 mg/kg had a greater effect on improving oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory markers in the heart tissue.

Exposure to heavy metals like cadmium leads to toxicity in the body, and these toxins trigger the production of reactive oxygen species, or free radicals. Even small exposures to these substances can impair brain function. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and bee pollen have been shown to combat these free radicals. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of HIIT and bee pollen on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in rats exposed to cadmium.

In this experimental study, 25 Sprague-Dawley male rats, 8 weeks old with an average weight of  258 g, were randomly divided into five groups of five: (1) healthy control (HC), (2) cadmium (CD), (3) cadmium + bee pollen (PO), (4) cadmium + training (HIIT) and (5) cadmium + bee pollen + training (HIIT-PO). The cadmium-treated groups (CD, PO, HIIT, and HIIT-PO) were exposed to cadmium administered as CdCl2 at a concentration of 400 mg/kg.L dissolved in water. Additionally, the PO and HIIT-PO groups received a daily oral gavage of 200 mg of bee pollen dissolved in 2.4 cc of normal saline. Prior to the training intervention, a VO2max test was conducted to determine the maximum intensity of the training sessions. Following this, an eight-week HIIT program was performed using the incremental Bedford protocol. Forty-eight hours after the final training and supplementation session, and following a 12-hour fasting period, the rats were anesthetized with ketamine (50 mg/kg) and xylazine (20 mg/kg). The hippocampal tissue of the brain was carefully extracted and BDNF levels were measured using an ELISA kit. The experimental data were analyzed using an independent t-test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Cadmium caused a significant decrease in BNDF levels (P≤0.05). Both HIIT training and bee pollen individually demonstrated significant effects, increasing BDNF levels (P≤0.05). However, the interaction between HIIT training and bee pollen did not have a significant effect on BDNF levels in the mice (P≥0.05).

Bee pollen, due to its antioxidant properties, increases BDNF levels in rats exposed to cadmium. Similarly, HIIT training enhances BDNF production in the hippocampus of cadmium-exposed rats exposed by influencing the angiogenesis system. However, the combined interaction of bee pollen and HIIT training does not produce a significant effect on BDNF levels in the hippocampus of these rats.

Given the significance of sustainability reporting, there has been a notable increase in studies in this field. However, due to shortcomings in initial studies, it is not feasible to make decisions based solely on their findings. This research provides a comprehensive examination of the impact of corporate governance structures on sustainability reporting, based on the results of previous studies. Ownership structure, board of directors, management characteristics, corporate governance performance, and the quality of internal controls are identified as influential factors. While the research literature has reached a consensus on the impact of some factors, it has encountered contradictory findings regarding others.

In recent years, the issue of sustainability has garnered global attention, becoming a central focus for many accounting researchers. International organizations have published sustainability reporting standards, and many stock exchanges worldwide now consider sustainability reporting a prerequisite for listing. Companies publish sustainability reports for various reasons, including transparency with stakeholders (Kuo et al., 2016), reputation (De Grosbois & Fennell, 2022), legal compliance (Harjoto et al., 2020), or alignment with emerging trends (Busco et al., 2019). However, due to the voluntary nature of sustainability reporting in many countries, concerns about the quantity and quality of this information persist. Since management often decides whether to publish sustainability reports, when to publish them, the publication platform, and the content and scope of the reports, voluntary disclosure, and impression management strategies provide significant opportunities for managers to obscure poor sustainability performance. Therefore, mechanisms are necessary to ensure that the information provided in sustainability reports is of high quality.
Corporate governance mechanisms, such as ownership structure, ownership concentration, audit quality, and board composition and quality, play a critical role in reducing opportunistic behaviors by controlling and monitoring executive managers. Given the importance of corporate governance mechanisms for sustainability reporting, there has been a recent surge in studies exploring this relationship. However, early studies in this field are often limited by shortcomings such as researcher bias, small sample sizes, differences in legal frameworks, and contradictory findings. These limitations hinder the ability to make reliable decisions based on their results, highlighting the need for more comprehensive research. Accordingly, this study provides a systematic review of the impact of corporate governance structures on sustainability reporting, synthesizing findings from prior research. The main research questions are as follows:

What are the most frequent keywords in the field of sustainability reporting over time? What are the most frequent keywords in the field of the relationship between corporate governance structures and sustainability reporting over time?
which corporate governance mechanisms influence the adoption, quantity, and quality of sustainability reporting?

This study is applied research and follows an interpretive paradigm. Aligned with this paradigm, a qualitative research methodology was chosen, incorporating systematic review and content analysis for data collection, as well as bibliometric analysis to identify trends in sustainability reporting research and leading authors in the field.
The research sample comprises 47 international and 32 national articles published between 2013 and September 2023. Domestic studies were selected through keyword searches on the websites of journals approved by the Ministry of Science, while international studies were sourced from the ScienceDirect database. To enhance search sensitivity and comprehensiveness, various keywords, the "OR" operator, and truncations of selected keywords were employed in ScienceDirect. Both quantitative and qualitative research articles were reviewed. Following the example of other literature reviews (Han & Cohen, 2013:8), books and editorial notes were excluded, with only peer-reviewed articles considered. The latest version of the PRISMA checklist (2020) was used to guide the development of the review protocol.
To identify hot research topics in sustainability reporting, research topics exploring the relationship between corporate governance structures and sustainability reporting, and the most prominent authors in the field, bibliographic analysis, and VOSviewer software were utilized.

Examining the hot topics in sustainability reporting has revealed that corporate governance structures have been among the most significant areas of focus in recent years. Bibliographic analysis indicates that mechanisms such as the board of directors, assurance, and risk management have been key topics of interest for authors.
A review of past studies shows that factors such as ownership structure, board of directors, management characteristics, gender diversity, corporate governance performance, assurance, monitoring and accountability, corporate risk, and internal control quality significantly affect the adoption, quantity, and quality of sustainability reports. For example, ownership structure encompasses institutional ownership, internal ownership, foreign ownership, ownership concentration, the relative power of minority shareholders, shareholder identity similarity, state ownership, capital market acceptance, family ownership, fund ownership, and ownership by other companies. Similar detailed categorizations exist for other factors. Most studies have focused on the influence of corporate governance mechanisms on the adoption of sustainability reporting, while fewer have examined their impact on report quality. There is a consensus among researchers on the impact of certain governance mechanisms, such as board size and independence, sustainability committees, managerial compensation, and gender diversity, on sustainability reporting. However, regarding the influence of other factors, the research literature contains contradictory findings. Additionally, for some factors, such as the number of managers, managers’ religious attitudes, and audit fees, the limited number of studies makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Information on measurement indicators based on sample studies is also provided, aiding researchers in measurement purposes. Given the widespread impact of corporate governance structures on sustainability reporting, governments, and regulators should implement initiatives to influence board structures and other corporate governance mechanisms. The findings suggest that investors seeking to maximize their returns should invest in companies with strong corporate governance structures. This study enhances the understanding of managers, regulators, and stakeholders regarding the role of corporate governance in sustainability reporting and provides valuable insights for regulators and policymakers concerned about achieving sustainability reporting goals. By summarizing the impact of corporate governance structures on sustainability reporting, this study identifies gaps in the research literature and mechanisms requiring further investigation. Additionally, juxtaposing findings from domestic and international studies, it highlights cultural differences in the effects of corporate governance mechanisms. Analyzing the findings of this study while considering its limitations is crucial. Existing studies in the research sample employed various measures to assess the quality and extent of sustainability reporting. The documentation reviewed as sustainability reports also varies. For instance, some researchers analyzed sustainability reports, while others examined information provided on company websites. Domestic researchers, due to the lack of sustainability reports published by companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, have relied on analyzing board reports and financial statements to assess the extent and quality of sustainability reporting. Since measurement procedures affect the results obtained and, consequently, the findings of this study, these limitations must be considered when interpreting the results.

The analysis of contradictory findings can be explained by considering management motives, organizational maturity levels, organizational structure, and institutional factors affecting the organization, such as industry type, country of operation, and regulations. Therefore, using standardized measures for companies operating in diverse institutional contexts is unlikely to be effective.

Film tourism is a rapidly growing area of research. However, most studies have focused on the impact of films on tourists, with less emphasis placed on to the effects of film tourism on local communities and residents' perspectives. Like other forms of tourism, film tourism can yield both positive and negative consequences for residents. Positive effects include stimulating tourism, generating economic benefits for the region, raising awareness of the destination, creating new attractions, improving or establishing a favorable image of the destination, and generating jobs in the area. conversely, the negative effects of film tourism encompass overcrowding, the creation of unrealistic image of destinations, the commodification of culture, damage to natural resources, the transient nature of economic benefits, over-tourism, and a lack of public participation in tourism development processes. While numerous studies have examined the positive effects of film tourism, the negative impacts have received comparatively less attention.

To address the research question, a quantitative approach was employed in this study. The research involved distributing structured questionnaires among residents of Langroud and Lahijan from April 7 to June 21. Three researchers assisted in the distribution by, randomly selecting every tenth house to receive a questionnaire. Respondents were asked to complete the questionnaire in front of their homes, with a researcher present to answer any questions. A total of 2,070 completed questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire consisted of 21 items, including six demographic questions and additional questions related to negative social impacts (six items, adapted from Meimand et al., 2017), negative economic impacts (three items, adapted from Alrwajfah et al., 2019), and negative environmental impacts (six items, adapted from Adongo et al., 2017). The questions were translated into Farsi using a one-way translation technique (McGorry, 2000) for its cost-effectiveness and quick turnaround. The questions were designed using a five-point Likert scale.

To assess the validity of the constructs, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. This method evaluates the model’s fit against empirical or simulated data. Due to the large dataset, the Chi-square test was not used. As illustrated in Table 2 and Figure 1, all factor loadings exceeded 0.3 and were statistically significant. According to Hair et al. (2009), the model fit indices presented in Table 3 indicate a good fit. Furthermore, the correlation coefficients among the constructs were below 0.9, which further supports the model's adequacy. The reliability and validity of the data, as shown in Table 2, were also deemed satisfactory. This method is used to prioritize multiple samples without considering distribution type. In this study, it was employed to evaluate the significance of each factor to residents by analyzing their responses. The hypothesis that economic, cultural, and environmental impacts hold equal important to the community was rejected, indicating that residents prioritize these factors differently. Environmental issues were identified as the most significant concern residents. Similarly, the hypothesis asserting that social impacts are equally important was also rejected, with economic concerns- particularly property prices- emerging as the most critical factor, additionally, the hypothesis regarding the equal importance of negative environmental impacts was rejected, as residents expressed the most concern over overcrowding.

This study explored the importance of negative impacts of film tourism on local residents. While previous research has acknowledged these adverse effects, none have prioritized which impacts are most critical to residents. Our findings revealed that environmental issues are of paramount concern for residents in these counties studied. Social issues, particularly the growing social gap, are also significant, alongside economic concerns related to rising property prices. Within the environmental context, overcrowding caused by tourists emerged as the primary concern. By highlighting the importance of these negative factors, our research contributes to the existing literature on tourism, addressing a notable gap in the research. Additionally, the findings can be applied to the broader context of sustainable tourism development. Despite offering valuable insights into residents' concerns about film tourism, our study has several limitations. First, because our research was not exploratory, we may have overlooked many potential issues related to film. Second, we did not distinguish between tourism-related and non-tourism-related occupations, which could have yielded deeper insights. Third, the sample was restricted to two counties and conducted over a short period. Therefore, further research is needed in this area. First, we recommend conducting an exploratory study on the positive and negative impacts of film tourism. Second, future studies should cover a broader geographical scope to facilitate cross-national analysis and to understand how different cultures influence the prioritization of various concerns