سیدمهدی طاهری

Scientific outputs that report on the findings of scientific research play a crucial role in enhancing knowledge, advancing science, and promoting research within academic communities. Therefore, the aim of this research project was to analyze the scientific outputs of Allameh Tabataba'i University and to represent them in the form of scientific maps.

Research Question(s):

What is the status of the university's scientific output in international citation indexes and the scientific maps of co-authorship networks, co-occurrence of terms, inter-terms, and their frequent terms?What is the status of the publication of books by researchers and faculty members of the university, and how is the scientific map of their co-occurrence of terms drawn?What is the status of the theses/dissertations of Allameh Tabataba'i University in terms of publication and subject area, and how is the scientific map of their frequent termsdrawn?What is the status of the publication of articles by Allameh Tabataba'i University in internal and external systems that do not have citation indexes (not indexed), and how is their scientific map drawn?What is the status of research projects at Allameh Tabataba'i University and how is their scientific map drawn?

Literature Review:

Previous studies in the field of scientific mapping were categorized into two groups. The first group contains research that has focused on mapping scientific fields across various disciplines. Notable studies include those by Meskarpour Amiri et al. (2022); Varnaseri et al. (2022); Mohammadzadeh & Baghernejad (2023); Alipour Hafezi and Matlabi (2022); Yao et al. (2014); and Masoumi and Khajavi (2023). In the second group, studies are included that address scientific mapping in different universities. Research by Mohammadian, Esmaeili Givi, and Nahghineh (2016); VahdatZad et al. (2017); Galyani-Moghaddam and Taheri (2018); Ghasemian, Asnafi, & Erfanmanesh (2021); Soltani et al. (2022); Goftari (2024); Sandler and Gladyrev (2020); Chen and Zhang (2023) fall into this category. An examination of the research conducted has shown that in recent years, there has been an increasing interest in evaluating the scientific outputs of universities as a way to assess their performance and research impact. One of the most common criteria used for evaluating scientific outputs is the number of publications produced by a university. Additionally, studies have indicated that apart from the number of publications, other metrics such as the number of citations, journal impact factors, and H-index scores are often used to assess the scientific outputs of universities. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been significant interest in developing alternative metrics or altmetrics to evaluate scientific outputs.

This paper was conducted using scientometrics research methods. The aim of this research was to analyze the status of the scientific outputs from Allameh Tabataba'i University and represent them in the form of scientific maps using bibliometric research methods. The statistical population of this study included all research outputs (international articles, books, theses/dissertations, domestic journal articles, and research projects) from Allameh Tabataba'i University in Persian and other languages between the years 1974 to 2024, totaling 69,420 titles. In this study, analytical tools from citation databases, reports from the university's research systems, and bibliometric tools were utilized to collect the necessary data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, social network analysis, and co-occurrence of keywords. Excel software was used to create tables, UCINET and VOSviewer softwares were employed for analyzing centrality indicators and visualizing the networks.

Among the 3,227 articles published by researchers from Allameh Tabataba'i University in the Scopus citation index, 1,091 articles, accounting for 18.6%, are in the field of social sciences; 666 articles, representing 11.4%, are in the field of medicine; 493 articles, also at 8.4%, are in the field of computer science; and 492 articles, another 8.4%, are in the fields of business, management, and accounting. The lowest number of articles are in the fields of veterinary science, with 4 articles; immunology and microbiology, with 21 articles; and chemical engineering, with 23 articles. In total, 1,105 article titles from the university have been published in the Web of Science index, of which 23 are among the highly cited articles. The most common keywords were Iran, decision-making, supply chain management, and policymaking. The subject area of statistics and probability, with 114 titles, and the subject area of artificial intelligence, with 103 titles, were identified as the most active research areas at Allameh Tabataba'i University. An investigation of the theses and dissertations from the university indicated that the keywords Iran, education, learning, quality of life, economic growth, job satisfaction, and others were frequently used. A review of over 28,000 domestic articles from the university showed that the keywords Iran, effectiveness, students, and quality evaluation were most commonly employed. Most research projects at Allameh Tabataba'i University were centered around topics such as educational satisfaction, employment status, and students' social activities.

The findings indicate that in recent years, the number of publications from Allameh Tabataba'i University in international indexes has increased, reflecting the university's greater focus on publishing articles in international journals. However, the conducted reviews show that, in terms of citations, the articles from Allameh Tabataba'i University require more visibility, as only 23 out of the 1,105 articles published in the Web of Science index are classified as highly cited. It can be stated that Allameh Tabataba'i University has a favorable status in conducting research across various thematic areas.

Overall, it can be stated that mapping scientific outputs can lead to improvements and advancements in scientific fields, development of knowledge, enhancement of universities' credibility, facilitation and acceleration of data understanding and analysis, improvement of communication and collaboration among researchers, knowledge sharing, and increased transparency of research and its results. Undoubtedly, evaluating scientific outputs requires the participation and collaboration of all university members to be favorably integrated into the university's overarching policies. It is expected that by utilizing these tools, Allameh Tabataba'i University and other educational and research institutions can enhance their research processes and improve the quality of their research outcomes, thereby contributing to knowledge development and increasing the scientific credibility of the country. To enhance the functionality of scientific outputs, it is recommended to use specific keywords that are suitable for the thematic context of the research to clarify the subjects of the outputs.

Organizational ontologies are a type of ontology that focuses on identifying and documenting organizational entities. These tools provide a common conceptualization of organizational entities and are utilized for representing organizational knowledge, describing organizational structures, identifying entities, and revealing the features and relationships of entities. They also, support the dissemination of organizational data, generated reports, organizational history, human resources, and the roles of each of these through a linked data approach. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to design the business ontology of Ehya Sepahan Company based on semantic web data models.

Research Question(s):

In the present research, the following questions have been addressed:- What are the internal and external entities of the Ehya Sepahan Company and their attributes? To what extent do the entities and attributes of the Ehya Sepahan Company align with the Schema.org data model? How is the organizational ontology of the Ehya Sepahan Company structured based on the organizational ontology of the World Wide Web Consortium?

Literature Review:

Research related to ontology design can be divided into two main categories:2.1. Studies that examine the application of ontologies
The first category includes studies that examine the application of ontologies or the design of ontologies in specific contexts. Research by Sharif (2008), Bavakhani (2015), Hassanzadeh, Kahani, and Pourmasoumi (2016), Mardpour and Dehghan-Tafti (2017), Akbari and Rajabi-Bahjat (2018), Fuchs-Kittowski and Faust (2008), Cavaliere et al. (2019), and Outa et al. (2020) fall into this category. In this context, Bavakhani (2015) explored the interrelationship between ontologies and knowledge management. Cavalier et al. (2019) designed an ontology design model for analyzing video content captured by drones in their study. The findings of the studies in this group indicate that in contemporary organizations, there is a necessity to utilize ontologies in processes related to existing knowledge.2.2. Studies that specifically address the design of organizational ontologiesThe second category includes studies that specifically address the design of organizational ontologies for various organizations. Research by Delavari (2018), Rajabi and Alineghizadeh Ardestani (2019), Gualtieri and Rafolu (2005), Santos et al. (2013), andElnagar et al. (2022) are included in this group. Rajabi and Alineghizadeh Ardestani (2019) presented a data-driven approach to develop an architectural model using organizational ontology. Elnagar et al. (2022) offered a framework for the automatic production of ontologies from an organizational perspective in their research.

This study was developmental-applied research in nature and qualitative research in terms of approach, conducted using qualitative content analysis and design methods. The statistical population includes all entities of the Ehya Sepahan Company (data entities, human resources, organizational positions), as well as the classes and attributes present in the organizational ontology.The research was conducted in several sections; initially, by examining the organizational ontology, the classes and attributes needed for modeling the entities and attributes present in the Ehya Sepahan Company were identified. Subsequently, through reviewing organizational documents, the organizational structure, job descriptions, and various departments of the company, the organizational entities and the characteristics of each were identified. With the identification of the entities and main concepts of the company, the necessary classes and attributes were determined. Since the aim of this study was to design a company ontology based on a semantic web data model, alongside the main classes and attributes of its organizational ontology, standard metadata classes and attributes from the Schema.org data model were used. In this research, Observation and documentary methods and a checklist are utilized for gathering the required data.

The findings of this research revealed that the entities of Ehya Sepahan Company are divided into internal and external entities. In total, 9 main entities and 3 external entities were identified for the company’s ontology. Various attributes were provided for each of these 12 entities. A total of 152 attributes were identified for the 12 entities of the company, and these attributes were assigned to different entities. For the internal entities, 147 attributes were used, while for the external entities, 21 attributes were utilized.The findings revealed that most of the attributes considered for company entities are presented in the schema.org standard. So, all the mentioned attributes for Organization, Person, Website, and Product entities in schema.org are consistent with the attributes needed to describe the company entities. the investigation of organizational ontology showed that this ontology has 9 entities and all these entities were used to design the ontology of Ehya Sepahan company. Likewise, the results showed that there is a good alignment between the attributes of the organizational ontology and the schema.org metadata standard. 

Based on the finding it could be said that the entities of the company each possess unique characteristics. Accordingly, specific attributes were considered in the organizational ontology based on the features of each of these entities to provide an accurate and appropriate description of the company and its entities. For a large number of attributes considered for the company’s entities, suitable attributes are provided in schema.org. All the attributes mentioned for organizational entities, such as person, website, and product, align with the necessary attributes needed to describe the company’s entities in schema.org. The reason for this suitable alignment between entities and the attributes of the organizational ontology and schema.org is the comprehensive perspective of schema.org as a semantic web data model for describing various types of data entities.

In general, it can be stated that organizational ontologies are one of the efficient tools for accurate description and knowledge discovery of data entities of organizations that can be used to facilitate and speed up processes and decisions in the organization.

 The current research was carried out to design a conceptual platform based on gamification components for the services of libraries for children and teenagers.

The current research has been carried out in terms of the purpose of the applied type with a qualitative approach and the fuzzy Delphi method. The statistical population of the research was experts, specialists in gamification, children, and adolescents, as well as beneficiaries (including librarians and administrators) selected at the national level. Among these, the sample was selected purposefully. The sample size in the present study was 30 samples. The content validity of the questionnaire was calculated by calculating the CVR with a value greater than 0.49 and The CVI has been done with a value of 0.76. In the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.88.

 Based on the findings of this research, a conceptual platform based on gamification components for children and teenagers' library services includes the components of platform mechanical capabilities, game dynamics, and aesthetics. The elements of the mechanical capabilities of the platform in the library platform for children and teenagers included points, stages, badges, standings, progress tables, and competitions. Game dynamism in the library platform for children and teenagers includes success, reward, and satisfaction. Aesthetic elements in the library platform for children and teenagers include the component of emotions.

 In the design of the mechanical features of the gaming platform, it is more important to make the components of points, stages, badges, tabulations, progress tables, and competitions more important. In the design of dynamics, the components of success, satisfaction, and reward are more important. In the design of the aesthetic part, the component involving the emotions of children and teenagers is more important.

The purpose of this study was to design a metadata profile for describing and organizing content objects in the library of the Malek National Library and Institution.

The system analysis approach is used. Data were collected through qualitative research tools including semi-structured interviews and accurate observation. The statistical population of the study has two parts. The first part of the research community consists of native, apparent, and semantic features of all content objects of the library at the Malek Institute. The second part was created by the staff of cataloging, which used a snowball sampling method to select individuals to save time and money of research. Also, in order to design a MAP with a systematic method, several checklists related to metadata standards were used, including Dublin Core Metadata Schema, Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS), Metadata Encoding and Transmission (METS), and MarcXML. The interview questions were set in the form of a checklist, which was based on the RostamiLatLayli's thesis (2013). Of course, according to the context of the research, many changes were made in it, which were approved by experts in the field of metadata.

The research findings indicate that MAP is designed in the present study has 44 elements, of which 24 elements are derived from Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS), 18 elements of the Dublin Core Standard, and 2 elements of the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS).

The Malek National Library and Museum Institution, with the use of this application profile and the suggestions it provides, can manage its metadata in order to organize more and more effectively existing content objects. Similarly, other libraries with similar features can benchmark their application profiles and strive to design their own application profiles.Keywords: Organizing, Metadata Application Profile (MAP), Content Objects, Library, Malek National Library and Museum Institution.

All organizations use data to execute their processes. Organizational data is either generated by the organization itself or created and provided by other organizations. Data and information play an essential role in the decisions and functions of organizational processes. For this reason, data is part of the organization's resources and perhaps the most important source of organizations. The purpose of this study was to provide a data quality model for data governance. The research method was used in a meta-combination. Therefore, out of 268 sources found, during the meta-combination process, 62 articles were used using keywords such as; Data, data management, data governance and data quality management were selected in Irandak, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer, IEEE and ACM databases between 1995-2022. In this study, first a code was considered for all factors extracted from previous studies and then, considering the concept of each code, they were classified in a similar concept. In this way, the concepts of research were identified. Two coders were used to control the extracted codes and categories, and the desired index in this field is the kappa index. Based on the analysis performed using the content analysis method, a total of 12 main categories ("data attribute, data, data fable, data value, initial data value, data pattern, data set, data access, data composition, data formatting, Metadata and data objectivity ”) and 47 sub-categories for data quality management for data governance were identified and identified.

The main purpose of this research is to review and Redefine about data-driven business according to data-driven economies features in order to help policymakers in the domains of ICT Industry, Entrepreneurship, Iran Digital Economy and Iran Digital Ecosystems.

This paper is a kind of Narrative literature review in which the documentary technique is used.

In this study, a new definition of data-driven Business is presented based on eight principles from previous studies.

The researchers believe that the result of the text can be exploited in the following ways: Supreme Council of Cyberspace, in particular the efforts of content, technology and regulation departments , the Vice President of Science and Technology of the Presidency of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in particular the efforts of policy, innovation and commercialization departments, the project of Iran Big Data Roadmapping with a code of 904550100 at the Communication and Information Technology Research Institute in and Data Governance Program of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.

The purpose of this research was to study the Search Engine’s responses to authority data properties embedded into schema.org-based metadata on the Microdata syntax.

The experimental method was used in this research. The research population comprised 400 records of authority metadata based on the Microdata method from the digital library of Allameh Tabataba'i University. The examination group consisted of 200 metadata records, 100 records with authority data extensions embedded into schema.org-based metadata in the Microdata syntax and 100 other similar records in the JSON-LD syntax (50 samples of name authority, and 50 other subject authority) And the control group consisted of 200 Records, including 100 Records related to the description of the book in the Microdata syntax and 100 other similar records in the JSON-LD syntax. The records have been published on the independent website at www.Aghadeh.ir and have been introduced to the Google, Bing, Yahoo, and Yandex search engines as designers of the schema.org standard. Then, through searching the search engines, using the data gathering tool, the checklist provided by the researchers, the indexing and retrieval of the metadata records of the control groups and experimental groups were evaluated in the search results of the selected search engines.

The results of this study showed that search engines were able to index and retrieve all of the metadata records and values of added extensions associated with authority data. Such a possibility had the same status for the name authority records and the subject authority data.

By retrieving each of the variant properties’ values of examination group’s records, in addition to the authorized values of the name and subject terms, a suitable platform for the comprehensiveness of the retrieve process, and the authority control in the Web search tools will be improved.

 Aiming at identifying and determining the types and attributes of data entities in the Iranian-Islamic information context in order to apply them to enrich the metadata standards and schemas, the current research aims to determine the types of specific data entities in the Iranian-Islamic information context and the attributes of these data entities.

 The research was considered as developmental-applied research that conducted content analysis method. The specific data entities and their attributes of the Iranian-Islamic information context were extracted with the help of using the Delphi technique and documentation method. 10 experts in the field of information and knowledge organization were selected by purposeful sampling. In the next step, metadata entities of Iranian and Islamic data entities of National Library of Iran, Astan Quds Razavi Library, Library of Quranic Culture and Knowledge Center, and Library of Islamic Promotion Office and articles of the two databases of Wikifegh and Wikishia for each type of specific attributes of specific types of extracted data entities were examined.  

  To realize the goal of the research, 8 specific types of data entities were identified in the Iranian-Islamic information context by conducting the documental investigations. In the next step, suitable attributes for these types were extracted. 8 special types of data entities with special features were identified in Iranian-Islamic data entities, which include the first type of Mostadrak/ Zeil/ Takmaleh/ Elhaghat; The second type of Taghrir/ Amali/ Tahrir; The third type of Description/ Explanation/ Interpretation; The fourth type of Ejazeh; The fifth type of Samaat; The sixth type of Talighat/ Comment Margins; The seventh type is Jong / Safineh / Kashkol/ Bayaz/ Moraqa/ Khergheh and finally, the eighth type is Tazkereh/ Biography/ Autobiography. In Mostadrak/ Zeil/ Takmaleh/ Elhaghat, which are written to complete another book and compensate for its shortcomings, the four main attributes were included: Type of Mostadrak, Writing Style, Structure, and Missing Part. The only main attribute "Type of Mostadrak" has three attributes at the first level. In the Taghrir/ Amali/ Tahrir, authors have discussed the basics, reasons and explanations of their teachers during the presentation of the lesson, that is, the teacher has expressed and explained something and someone else has written it, the attribute of the Type of lecture was identified. In Description/ Explanation/ Interpretation, which means explaining the conditions governing the poem or writing, two attributes including the structure of the description and the sources of the description were identified. Ejazeh, which is discussed in the field of Hadith sciences, means that authority has permitted a person to enter into the discussion of Hadith and be a narrator of Hadith. It has two attributes, types of Ejazeh and degrees of Ejazeh. Sama'ats are discussed in the field of Hadith and its content is listening to Hadiths or hearing Hadiths and it has an attribute of the level of listening. In Talighat/ Comment Margins, which are generally taken as synonyms, two main attributes were identified, including the style of writing and the validity of the margin. In Jong / Safineh / Kashkol/ Bayaz/ Moraqa/ Khergheh, which are collections of materials, especially poems which have been compiled with the taste and effort of one or more people, the attribute of the type of Jong was identified. Finally, the Tazkereh/ Biography/ Autobiography has three attributes: the type of Tazkereh, the order of the book or the method of arrangement, and the number of entries.

 .In the current research, the attributes of various Iranian-Islamic data entities were identified so that these data entities can be represented and described optimally. The attributes of Iranian-Islamic data entities identified can be used to create a metadata application profile to describe and organize specific types of Iranian-Islamic information context data entities, especially in the electronic environment. Since the use of these attributes increases access points and improves accessibility to data entities, they can be used in different standards or different library software packages.

 The role of information technology in smart schools in recent years with the prevalence of epidemics is one of the most controversial and challenging study topics. The aim of this study was to Identify factors influencing the smart schools in order to protect public health against epidemics diseases. 

The present study was conducted following the interpretive paradigm and with a qualitative approach. The statistical population of the study included senior managers and implementers of projects related to information technology, experts and smart managers of Tehran schools in 2020-2021. 16 of the above individuals were purposefully selected and participated in the study.Interviews were used to collect data using open and semi-structured questions. Acceptability, transferability and confirmability were confirmed for the validity of the study. For reliability, the validity of the encodings was checked and verified. Finally, the data were analyzed by content analysis method and using coding method. 

221 open codes were extracted and after aggregating the codes, 43 sub-themes and 5 main themes were identified as effective factors on school intelligence.

The findings indicate that the factors affecting the intelligence of schools in order to maintain community health include learning and teaching materials, processes, users, information technology and digital literacy. It is suggested that these factors be used as a framework for smartening schools, to maintain the health of a compatible community to address the challenges in the country's education system.

The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining library services to the blind and visually impaired and providing suggested solutions to public libraries in Iran.

This research is an applied research in terms of nature and purpose and was conducted with using a survey method. The research population consisted of librarians and managers of 46 public libraries under the auspices of the Public Libraries of the Country, which had a section for the blind and visually impaired and their special services. The data collection tools were two questionnaires designed by the researchers, the first for librarians in the mentioned section, and the other for the managers of these libraries, based on the standard of public library services for the blind and visually-impaired compiled by the Public Libraries Foundation in 2016. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

The findings of compare mean statistical hypothesis test, considering the fact that the significance level is less than 0.05 and the confidence interval of the difference for the variables of "special services for the blind and visually impaired, the status of information resources and the status of manpower working in public libraries in Iran" are positive, these variables follow the standard level more than the average. Moreover, for the variables of "building, equipment, hardware and software for the blind and visually impaired in public libraries of Iran", the significance level is less than 0.05 and the negative ranges of the mean difference demonstrate that these variables follow the standard level less than the average.

Based on the research findings, there is a need for more compliance with the standard under review, especially in the field of construction and equipment. It seems that in addition to the development of the standard, the executive guarantee of the implementation of the standard by the public libraries of the country is necessary and will help in improving services to the blind and visually impaired.

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of correspondence between data types of Schema.org and the representation of them in the MARC21 Genre Terms List.

This research was an applied research based on a content analysis and the research population was a variety of data entities of the Schema.org. To collect data, a checklist-based tool on MARC Genre Terms List was used to check the degree of correspondence in Schema.org, and the structured observation method was used to initially identify each of the CreativeWork and then other entities in the Scheme.org were analyzed and the types of related data entities were identified

The findings of this study showed that there are 64 source-specific terms in the MARC that have no equivalent data entity in the Schema.org, and only 36% of the MARC Genre Terms List are consistent with the Schema.org. This means that for the 100 MARC Genre Terms List, there were only 36 equivalents in the Schema.org. Twenty-four terms of the MARC Genre Terms List were consistent accurately with the CreativeWork in Schema.org, and 12 were consistent with its other data entities.

To describe and organize digital objects, both properties must be taken into account because most data entities in the web are digitized versions of physical content objects and also considering that Schema.org does not consider some of the data entities in the bibliographic context, it must design the schema to describe all terms of a particular type of cultural heritage context (including the bibliographic context) for removing knowledge gap. It is recommended that specialized refinements and vocabularies of other sections of the cultural heritage (museum and archive context) be adapted to the types of the Schema.org to provide a thorough representation of knowledge in the context of cultural heritage.

Graphene helicoid is a man-made spiral structure that has recently been created with the advent of nanotechnology inspired by nature. In this study, the mechanical properties of multi-layer graphene helicoid with different geometric characteristics are studied using molecular dynamics simulation and the relationship between number of layers, geometric properties and mechanical properties of nanoparticles are investigated. The results show that the unique geometric properties of these nanoparticles produce interesting mechanical properties that are highly dependent on their structure. The stages of the tensile behavior of these nanoparticles are altered by increasing the number of layers corresponding to the geometric characteristics of the nanoparticles. One of the most important characteristics of these nanoparticles is their high stretchability, even for some specimens, up to 3000%, which, with the addition of a layer to their structure, decreases sharply. The results also indicate a strong increase in force in the small strain range with the onset of the stretching process due to the strong van der Walls forces between the adjacent layers. The spring constant for these nanoparticles is calculated in this initial area of the tensile test and, decreases with the addition of the layers. Identifying the properties of multilayered graphene helicoid can lead to an increase in their efficiency and their optimal performance in nanoscale devices and even improve multiscale performance.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for implementing the linked data method in library systems (such as digital libraries and library catalogues), as well as to provide the components needed to perform this process. In this stage, in order to provide a practical example of converting metadata records based on linked data method, 40 metadata records from the total records of Shahnameh bibliographic family were purposefully selected from the Iran’s national library catalogue, and converted based on linked data method and finally it’s RDF graph was designed. In this study, after analyzing the structure of RDF language and connecting data in the linked data method, the steps of implementing this method in selected metadata records were explained. These steps include assigning URI; representing RDF model of bibliographic entities and relationships; converting examples of metadata records based on linked data method; providing RDF/XML code resulting from the conversion of one of the metadata records based on the linked data method; and finally creating an RDF graph. The links established in the RDF/XML syntax are richer, more accurate, more comprehensive, and more structured than current formats, and the use of linked data method allows for the coverage of a variety of bibliographic relationships between related works. Therefore, it seems that the application of linked data method can have significant effects on the process of describing and displaying relationships and links between bibliographic metadata in library systems.

This paper amid to improve the functionality of attribute properties and relationship properties between the entities of CreativeWorks of Schema.org by representing them in Library Reference Model (LRM) based on the content analysis method. The research community consisted of properties (attributes and relationships) of the book’s entity from the subset of CreativeWorks of Schema.org. A checklist based on entities, attributes and relationships in LRM was used for checking correspondence with the properties of book’s entity in Schema.org by structured observation method. To this end, each property of book in Schema.org was compared with the attributes and relationships in LRM and the most appropriate of them identified and extracted. The findings show that the properties ‘Author’, ‘fileformat’, ‘encoding’, ‘associatedMedia’, from CreativeWorks and ‘seeks’ and ‘gender’ from Person in Schema.org did not match to any attributes and relationships. Due to LRM is a conceptual and high-level model which focuses on entities of bibliographic context and their attributes and relationships as the platform for representing them without regard to four categories of knowledge organization standards: content standards, metadata standards, data exchanging standards, and formatting standards. So, these attributes should be considered in content and metadata standards. In LRM there are not any equivalent for roles of creators because it is independent from the four standards that mentioned and there is the possibility of adding roles based on the policy of libraries or information centers. In other entities which was checked in this research: book, organization and thing, all properties fitted with attributes or relationships in LRM due to its comprehensive and general attitude of all. LRM has a complete view of the relationships between entities, these relationships are being narrated, and are identified in accordance with the bibliographic context. While in Schema.org many relationships between entities are not appropriate for the target context. The Shema.org should include properties that can cover relationships appropriate to any context. Considering the recommendations of the conceptual models of the cultural heritage context in determining and developing the properties, especially the relationships between entities by Schema.org, its deficiencies in the functionality in the data environment will be resolved and its applicability will be improved.

To determine and explain the degree of compatibility of the structure and characteristics of Islamic sciences thesauri with the retrieval thesauri based on standard ISO 25964.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and survey-analytical research method. The data collection tool is a researcher-made checklist. The research population includes descriptors of Islamic science thesauri. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation and in inferential statistics section, one-sample t-test, Friedman test and Kolmokrov-Smirnov test with the help of SPSS software were used.

Based on the data, the highest rate of conformity with the standard was seen in the display manner with an average of 80.87%, followed by the depth of semantic relations with a total average of 70.00%, Proximity of terms in natural language with an average of 24.12%, the degree of concordance of non-preferred terms related to each preferred term (22.25%), Quantity and content of domain notes (19.87%), and The lowest level of conformity to the expressive part of the signs indicating relationships (19.37%).

The results showed that the Islamic Sciences thesauri were in high level of compliance with the standard of Retrieval thesauri. Based on the findings, there is a significant difference between the structure and characteristics of Islamic thesauri and retrieval thesauri.

Culture is considered as one of the most enduring components of national power and a catalyst in global relations, and heads of state, using cultural diplomacy and the strategy of "positive protectionism", spend large sums of money to guide world public opinion in order to secure non-violent interests. But, in recent years, there have been criticisms of the budget and efficiency of similar centers in Iran. This article seeks to study the question: what role and position does the Al-Mustafa (PBUH) International University play in securing the national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran through cultural diplomacy? Using a descriptive-analytical method based on library and field studies, this article believes that this cultural active center in the field of cultural diplomacy present a positive image of Islam, Iran and Shiism among the educated as well as neutralize negative effects on public opinion in the region and the world in various ways.

The aim of research is to comprehensively investigate various types of Data-Driven Business Patterns in order to help entrepreneurship and innovation actors, especially digital businesses efforts.This paper is a critical-argumentative study using a narrative review with a documentary approach. In order to collect and extract information, a comprehensive search was carried out on documents in the Iranian, international scientific journals databases and some of the most famous management consulting groups in the world. The statistical population of this study was all documents related to the keyword Data-Driven Business Model in the period 2000 to 2018.After studying documents, in the literature section, 26 patterns of Data-Driven Business Model were indexed. After analyzing similarities, 20 patterns were counted. In the second review of these cases, 13 different patterns were identified, and in the third review period, the necessity of the need for these 13 patterns was identified by 5 complementary tools. Data-driven business model patterns can help innovators and entrepreneurs utilize the patterns in proportion to their customer groups or even think of the worldchr('39')s most successful businesses using these patterns. In this study, for the first time, all types of data-driven business models were collected from different perspectives. If companies want to actually use these patterns, they should also be equipped with a set of complementary tools. Major complementary tools play a role in data ethics, identification of data stakeholders, and business-data alignment.

The article aimed to find out the divergence of knowledge and information management standards in a critical-analytical approach. Developing data entities management standards by the World Wide Web consortium and Web search tools, on the one hand, and designing the same kind of standards by cultural heritage community, on the other hand, cause divergence and the divergence will lead to pluralism that cannot solve current Web problems in data controlling and processing, especially, when we are encountering some challenges such as the big data phenomenon.

The linked data method and schema.org derived from W3C and Web search engines, and the knowledge and information management standards such as BIBFRAME, and the conceptual reference models such as IFLA LRM, developed by cultural heritage communities were compared with each other in terms of functionality. The reasons in cultural heritage context, causing divergence are analyzed with emphasizing on web capabilities and the features of web data entities.

It seems that the current pluralistic approach in developing the tools and methods through the W3C and search engines, for creating the semantic web will repeat previous unsuccessful experiences in web standards development. Accordingly, doing the vital processes such as authority control and the representation of relationship patterns for extracting knowledge and semantics from data contexts are necessary. On top of that, metadata interoperability, the imperfect understanding of web technologies, and describing special data entities, such as commercial products, comments of social networks, as well as, not developing the standards having complementary role to other standards such as content standards for metadata standards increase the pluralism.

Finally, improving the interaction and synergy of cultural heritage context’s standards specialists with the standards developers of web consortium and web search tools, as well as, adapting web standards to conceptual reference models in different contexts and other strategies to reach interoperability is recommended.

The purpose of this conceptual research was to explain the capabilities, the semantic platform and view point of Schema.org to processing and organization of web content objects (data entities) by analytical approach. To collection data was used documentary analysis. The research community included texts and researches related to the field of "structured data" and "Schema.org". A total of 43 sources, as well as the official website of the "Schema.org," were selected using a purposive sampling method for analysis. The results of the survey showed that Schema.org is a common vocabulary that used to describe and markup web content objects and create structured data for better processing and organization. It has a certain structure and semantic platform. Its structure is like an ontology for naming the types and properties of content objects, the relationships between types and properties, and the capabilities of describing these properties and relationships. Its semantic platform is adapted by semantic markups such as microformat, microdata, RDFa 1.1, and JSON-LD. Other results of the research showed that there are three major approaches to the processing and organizing of content objects in the Schema.org: the ontological, context-oriented, and nesting approaches. Overall research results showed existence of different approaches to Schema.org represents a comprehensive view of the Web content objects while paying attention to improving interoperability with search engines. Also, the production of structured data with such schemata is an important contribution to the realization of semantic web or web of data.

The present study aimed to improve the management of the organizational metadata and the design of metadata registry for the library complex of ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences using analytical-asystematic approach. The statistical population of the study included the metadata records from the 23 libraries (central, college, and hospital libraries) affiliated to the ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data on the goals and local needs of the above-mentioned libraries to generate metadata records and their management. The questionnaire was completed by the managers of the libraries and librarians in the processing and organization department using the method of observation designed by the researcher on the metadata databases for the studied libraries. Accordingly, the goals, features, and local needs of the current libraries were extracted in the field of the creation and management of metadata, as well as their policies and expectations for the future.The research findings indicate that the coherence and consistency in the creation and management of metadata is not at a desirable level for the description and organization of the content objects, as well as the consistency of metadata in accordance with the goals and local needs of the studied libraries. It seems that this inconsistency is due to some factors including the lack of clarity of all features and local needs of libraries (in general, the organizational context) and the lack of codified policies for the metadata management, as well as the lack of precision in defining their native goals and functions from the perspective of metadata management. In order to optimize the management of metadata, "the metadata registry schema of the libraries of ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences" was designed in accordance with their goals and the identified local needs based on thechecklist designed in accordance with the metadata standards, including the schema objectives (the native context and data entities), formal description components (schema definition and the implementation schema), and the schema components (the metadata schema and metadata application profiles).

To identifying and determining the attributes of the Iranian-Islamic information contexts' manuscripts from the point of information and knowledge organization. The research was considered as a developmental-applied research that done content analysis method. The attributes (data) of Iranian-Islamic information context's manuscripts were extracted by using the Delphi technique and Documentation method. 14 experts in the field of manuscripts studies, and information and knowledge organization were selected by targeted sampling. A questionnaire was also used to identifying the attributes of the Iranian-Islamic information context's manuscript. To description and organization of the Iranian-Islamic information context's manuscript are needed 19 main attributes and 224 sub-attributes. The main attributes are: title, author, type of manuscript, originality, classification, identifier, holdings, access condition, custody, content structure, transcription, subject, correction, rights, language, related objects, Certificates of transmission (Ijāzah), Physical description, and Note. The results of this research can be used to create a useful metadata application profile for describing and organizing of Iranian-Islamic information context's manuscript, especially in the electronic environment. For researchers provides appropriate access points to improve accessibility to these valuable resources, which will lead to the development of manuscriptology and the increase of relevant scientific outputs.

The research was carried out with the aim of designing and constructing a metadata application profile for describing and organizing content objects of the databases of the Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences (CRCIS) with analytical-systematic approach.

The research population included the content objects of four databases including Hawzah Net, Noormags, Noorlib and Andishvaran. In addition to the content objects of these databases, elements, sub-elements and attributes of the most utilized metadata standards including Metadata Objects Description Schema (MODS), Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI), Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) and MARC Metadata Format have been studied as the another part of the research. The data was gathered by interviews and structured observations made by the means of  a questionnaire and a checklist.

To design application profile, native features of the content objects and the goals and desired functions of the four databases of the research population were compared with the features of the studied metadata standards and the best elements, sub-elements and attributes that were able to meet the needs of describing and organizing of the four databases were chosen. In some cases, if a new element, sub-elements or attribute, was needed or it was needed to redefine the existing elements, sub-elements or attributes natively, the new elements, sub-elements or attributes were designed and if existed, a native definition was presented to increase its functionality and usability for the databases.

The metadata application profile of the Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences was designed and constructed based on the native requirements and features of the databases of that center and also identifying structures, elements, functions and semantic features resulted in totally 23 elements -16 elements from Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS), 5 elements from Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) and 2 native elements- and by providing a description for each element.

The aim of this research was to find out the function of Web search engines in indexing and Making visible of the metadata records based on Microdata method comparatively. Research 200 metadata records in two groups: 100 HTML-based metadata records (related to e-books) as the control group with the normal structure, including 50 records in Persian and 50 records in English, and 100 HTML metadata records created based on Microdata method in Persian and English in an experimental group. All records were extracted from Allameh Tabataba’i university digital library and were analyzed through an experimental approach. The records of two groups were published on an independent website http://www.szolghadr.ir, and were introduced to Google, Bing and Yahoo! search engines. Then using advanced search strategies, the semantic indexability and visibility of the published metadata records were examined. Findings show Google got indexed both control and experimental groups’ records, and displayed the metadata records of the experimental group semantically, as rich snippets. But Bing and Yahoo! search engines got indexed the records of both groups only and were not able to make visible them in their search results semantically. Although, the three studied search engines have been developing schema.org together and use Microdata method for creating metadata records based on it, only Google supports to display the two groups’ metadata records semantically.

This research is aimed to design and validate a measurement scale for academic textbooks using technical text mining process and organizing software algorithms. Using word co-occurrence (dependency) and text clustering methods, a checklist is provided for evaluation of academic textbooks. Word co-occurrence and text clustering analysis methods create the possibility to understand the structure of thematic relations in one single area and its visualization would help us understand the general schema of the area. The research was an applied research and used content analysis approach. For gathering data, it used documentary-library method, and a checklist as data gathering tool. The research uses analytical processing level, specifically vocabulary content analysis (word co-occurrence method) and hierarchical clustering method. Sample in this research is equal to the statistical society and includes English research articles published in Scopus, EBSCO and Science Direct in the subject area of compilation of Academic Books. Total amount of 10000 articles were investigated and a co-occurrence network of their words is drawn using VOS Viewer, SPSS, and Pajak softwares. Four indicators were set to design the model of validation software system for academic books based on text mining using word co-occurrence and text analysis: scientific discourse, evaluation of compilation, academic writing, and academic writing principles. Fourteen components are identified using word co-occurrence and text clustering: academic literacy, written phrases in discourse, written phrases instructions in scientific discourse, elements of the instruction of written phrases in the scientific discourse, academic writing assessment tools, learning writing skills, assessment of writing skills, review, academic writing skills, demographic features of academic writing, physical features of writing assessment, principles of academic writing, assessment of academic writing principles, the result of the evaluation of academic writing principles, the impact of academic writing principles assessment. Based on scientific map drawing, the relationship between concepts of a text can be discovered and new basis can be extracted. By drawing the scientific map of the papers in the field of academic writing, this research determined indicators and components of this area.