سیده هاجر شارمی

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a chronic disease and a common infection in women which is associated with significant complications. This study aimed to compare cognitive abilities and personality traits in infertile women with and without pelvic inflammatory disease.
The research method was causal-comparative and the sample of research included 48 infertile women with pelvic inflammatory disease and 57 infertile women without the pelvic inflammatory disease, who were referred to Al-Zahra Hospital in Rasht in 2021 and were selected through the convenience sampling method. The research instruments were a demographic checklist, the Cognitive Ability Questionnaire (Nejati, 2013), and the Neo Personality Questionnaire (McCrae & Costa, 1985). Research data were analyzed using the Mann-whitney test and multivariate variance analysis.
The results showed that there was no difference between infertile women with and without pelvic inflammatory disease in cognitive abilities and personality traits (p >0.05). But there was a significant difference between four of the seven components of cognitive ability (memory; P<0.05, U= 899.00, inhibitory control and selective attention; P<0.05, U= 933.00, decision-making; P<0.05, U= 863.500, and sustained attention; P<0.05, U= 924.500), the total score of the cognitive ability variable (P<0.05, U= 815.000), and openness in both upper and lower levels of education (P <0.05, U= 907.50).
Infertility with causes of inflammatory and non-inflammatory did not lead to cognitive dysfunction and differences in personality traits but education as a potentially influential variable can play a crucial role, which needs further research.

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a common infection that can reduce family functioning by causing long-term complications such as chronic pelvic pain and infertility. This study Aimed to comparefamily functions in Infertile women with and without the pelvic inflammatory disease.

The research method was causal-comparative and the participants included 48 infertile women with pelvic inflammatory disease and 57 infertile women without The pelvic inflammatory disease, who were referred to Al-Zahra Hospital in Rasht in 2021. Based on the patients' records and the diagnosis of the gynecologist, infertile women with pelvic inflammatory disease (tubular factor) and infertile women without pelvic inflammatory disease (due to other causes) were selected purposefully. A demographic checklist and McMaster Family Functioning Questionnaire were used to collect data. Research data were analyzed using one-way and multivariate variance analysis.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of emotional fusion in infertile women with pelvic inflammatory disease and infertile women without pelvic inflammatory disease (P <0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in the two levels of high and low education in emotional control and response and interaction between group and education components (P <0.05).

According to the results of this study and the importance of the emotional integration component in women with infertility without pelvic inflammatory disease, this component can be used as a strength in these women for more effective communication in married life and to reduce the negative effects of infertility and education should be further examined as a possible influential variable.

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a common infection that can reduce family functioning by causing long-term complications such as chronic pelvic pain and infertility. This study Aimed to comparefamily functions in Infertile women with and without the pelvic inflammatory disease. The research method was causal-comparative and the participants included 48 infertile women with pelvic inflammatory disease and 57 infertile women without The pelvic inflammatory disease, who were referred to Al-Zahra Hospital in Rasht in 2021. Based on the patients' records and the diagnosis of the gynecologist, infertile women with pelvic inflammatory disease (tubular factor) and infertile women without pelvic inflammatory disease (due to other causes) were selected purposefully. A demographic checklist and McMaster Family Functioning Questionnaire were used to collect data. Research data were analyzed using one-way and multivariate variance analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of emotional fusion in infertile women with pelvic inflammatory disease and infertile women without pelvic inflammatory disease (P <0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in the two levels of high and low education in emotional control and response and interaction between group and education components (P <0.05). According to the results of this study and the importance of the emotional integration component in women with infertility without pelvic inflammatory disease, this component can be used as a strength in these women for more effective communication in married life and to reduce the negative effects of infertility and education should be further examined as a possible influential variable.

It is important to timely refer in order to diagnosis and treatment of genital warts and preventing disease transmission. Therefore, identifying the socio-demographic and obstetric effective factors is important in the delay of patient's seeking-help. The present study was performed aimed to investigate the relationship between demographic, social and obstetric factors with seeking-help delay in patients with genital warts.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed in 2019 on 130 women with genital warts referred to the gynecology clinic of Al-Zahra Hospital in Rasht. Inclusion criteria were confirmation of the diagnosis of genital wart based on clinical examination and laboratory tests and a maximum of six months after diagnosis. Data collection tools included socio-demographic form, midwifery form and a researcher-made questionnaire to assess patient’s delay. A delay of more than 7 days in referral for definitive diagnosis and treatment was considered as a delay in patient's seeking help. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and Chi-square, Fisher, Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Among 130 participant, 94 (72%) had more than 7 days delay. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups in the variables of history of abortion, type of first diagnostic symptom and type of treatment received (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables of history of gynecological infection (CI 95%: 1.08-9.40, OR=3.187), type of residence place (economic status) (CI 95%: 1.02-9.31, OR=3.08) and history of abortion (CI 95%: 1.30-15.63, OR=4.51) have a predictive role in help-seeking delay.

There is a relationship between the variables of history of gynecological infection, economic status and history of abortion with delay in seeking help for diagnosis and treatment of genital warts. Therefore, health care providers should be more careful in dealing with and educating low socioeconomic status women, patients with a history of infection and women without experience of abortion and nulliparous.

 In virgin girls pelvic tuberculosis is rare, and due to nonspecific symptoms and radiographic studies, there is a possibility of misdiagnosis, and mortality so strong clinical suspicion, especially in girls exposed to tuberculosis is important in diagnosing the disease. This study reports a case of pelvic tuberculosis in a 12-year-old virgin girl.

In this case study, patient was a 12-year-old virgin girl with disseminated pelvic tuberculosis and peritonitis. Rebound tenderness in the abdominal examination and a fever (a temperature of 38 °C) were reported. Age at menarche was 10 and she had no menstrual irregularities. The ultrasound showed an 8-cm cystic mass in the right ovary with some fluid in the pelvis.  

 In women who are at risk for tuberculosis, the possibility of pelvic tuberculosis should always be considered along with other diagnoses.

Vaginal bleeding is a common complication during pregnancy, which is observed in about 1/4 of pregnancies and in half of cases can lead to abortion. If vaginal bleeding happens during pregnancy some adverse pregnancy outcomes, including perinatal mortality and morbidity, low birth weight and preterm delivery will be increased.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between vaginal bleeding and its characteristics in the first and second trimester of pregnancy and preterm labor.

This is a case-control study conducted on 440 pregnant women referred to Al-Zahra Hospital in Rasht, Iran. Data were collected by a form. The form included demographic characteristics and confounding factors, the occurrence of bleeding during pregnancy and its features. Data were analyzed by T test, chi square and logistic regression in SPSS 16.

Findings showed that vaginal bleeding was associated with 3 times increased risk of preterm delivery (OR: 3, 1.84-4.89). Also, findings showed that bleeding characteristics including bleeding time, frequency, severity and intensity was significantly associated with preterm labor.

According to significant association between vaginal bleeding and preterm delivery, it seems that performing some interventions to prevent preterm labor could be appropriate.

With the widespread use of ovulation induction regimen multiple pregnancy may occur more often and, thus, attention has been drawn to the increased possibility of multiple pregnancy with one or two normal fetuses and placenta and the other appearing as a complete or partial mole following a variety of different methods of assisted reproduction. Management of this condition is extremely challenging, especially when the pregnancy is highly desired and there is a significant risk of severe complications. Case report: A 28-year-old female, gravida1-para0 who presented with 8 years of primary infertility (as a result of ovulatory dysfunction) was referred to Alzahra Educational Center at 34 weeks of gestation with the ultrasound diagnosis of a twin pregnancy (the fetuses were female). The current pregnancy had been conceived during the 2-3 cycle of superovulation with clomiphene-HMG and IUI. She had a history of hypothyrodism for 8 years and was controlled with levothyroxin. At 34 weeks of gestation due to active uterine contractions that made further conservative management impossible, the pregnancy was terminated by cesarean section. Two female fetuses both without malformations were delivered. Following delivery of fetuses, one placenta had normal appearance and was completely removed. The second one, molar tissues containing numerous vesicles, were delivered and microscopic examination confirmed the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole and placental hemangioma.

In pregnant women following infertility treatment, close surveillance is certainly needed to evaluate the probability of coexistence of molar pregnancy.

Contraception is a major component of preventive health care for women. Several methods are used for familly planning but tubal ligation (TL) is different from other contraceptives because often it isn’t reversible.Recently,due to decrease in acceptability of TL in women,there are questions on saftey of this method.

The purpose of this stuy was to investigate attitudes and knowledge about tubal ligation and possibility of Post Tubal Ligation Syndrome in women residing in Rasht.

In this study, 403 women were collected with stratified randomized sampling. The data collection instrument consisted of a three-part questionnaire which included:(1) the demographics (2) knowledge level and (3) questions concerning the attitude. We applied the SPSS.9 statistical analysis software and Chi-square tests, pearsonian coefficient. P<0.05 was determined as statistical significance.

The research showed that 45/9% of women have poor knowledge and 21% have negative attitudes about tubectomy. There were significant correlations between the number of children, education level, and information source with level of knowledge (P<0.05). Also, there were significant correlations between variations like education level, information source and contraception methods with level of attitude (P<0.05). Our results showed that 82/1%,41/5% and 21/8% of women believed that Pelvic and Lumbar pain, Menstrual disorders and Ovarian cyst might occur after tubal ligation respectively.

Our research showed that many of women due to fear of tubal ligation complications (Post Tubal Ligation Syndrome) had a negative attitude. It seems that increasing the knowledge of women and more comprehensive studies are necessary for Post- Tubal Ligation syndrome about which there is no consensus yet.

Cesarean sections delivery is the most common surgical procedures performed in Guilan, and postoperative pain is a common complain in this patients.

To determine leaving peritoneum opened after Cesarean sections deliveries on postoperative pain in patients.

In a double blind clinical trial, with a non- randomized sampling 150 patients randomly assigned in two groups: experiment group with leaving peritoneum opened and control group with postoperative closed peritoneum as routine procedures. All information about patients (including background variables and experimental variables) recorded on forms. Pain assessment performed by visual analog scale two times with 12 hours interval. Statistical analysis carried out using t- test, Manwithney test, and chi- squared tests. Type 1 (alpha) error considered 5%.

There was no difference on background variables, type of abdominal incisions, and anesthetic methods between two groups. The means of pain numbers had statistically significant differences in two groups (P<0.01) The mean of administering injection analgesics had statistically significant differences (in experiment group less than control group).

As leaving peritoneum opened has a lot of advantages such as decrease postoperative adhesion in peritoneum. Based on the findings of this study decreasing postoperative pain is another advantage of that.