شراره محمدی

The current research aimed to study the concept, dimensions and examples of research productivity in Iran's higher education system from the perspective of university professors. The research used a qualitative strategy and was carried out with the phenomenological method. The participants of the research included 21 professors with the scientific rank of associate professor and professor with the most scientific references in the universities of Kurdistan, Razi Kermanshah, Ilam, and Buali Sina Hamedan, purposefully selected and data collection continued until reaching theoretical saturation. Data was collected using the semi-structured interview tool. Using the alignment method, the validity of the data was confirmed. The thematic analysis method was employed using MAXQDA qualitative analysis software to analyse the data. The results of the research showed that research productivity included four themes: the responsiveness of the research (modernity, reference and comprehensiveness of expertise), the originality of the research problem (scientific, professional and applied originality), the pioneering aspect of the research (increasing the knowledge capital), and scientific understanding and transparency are the nature and scope of research. The dimensions and components of research productivity were also identified in three main dimensions: technical, content and communication. The technical dimension included internal consistency, citation validity, reliability and validity of the tool. The content dimension showed the nature and existence of the research undertaken with the appropriate method. The functional dimension indicated the results obtained by undertaking research and scientific work

The aim of this study was to identify the experiences and perceptions of faculty members about the concept of research. The approach of interpretive research and its strategy was phenomenology and the field of research of Kurdistan, Hamedan, Kermanshah and Ilam universities. The sample size reached 15 people using semi-structured interview tools and with maximum diversity according to the criterion of theoretical saturation, which were selected by purposive sampling method and data were collected and by means of harmonization method. Data validation verified. Data analysis was performed with a descriptive-analytical approach using coding at both open and axial levels with the help of MAXQDA software. The results include four basic concepts and categories of research as a technical act, research as an individual action, research as a social action and research as a value. Each category has sub-components. Achieving all-round development and progress is not possible without proper use of research findings, so decision-making in decision-making systems requires that a suitable environment for the growth and development of researchers is a priority

Boilers are one of the major energy consumers in the building. For this reason, increasing the efficiency of this device and improving its performance is an effective step in solving the problems in building energy and reducing waste energy. Due to the limited resources of fossil fuels and the increasing cost of energy in the world, manufacturers of these equipment are always working to improve the performance and use of appropriate control equipment. The purpose of this study is to increase the thermal recovery efficiency of steam energy in gases from shell and corrugated tubes condensing boilers. Numerical simulations are performed using commercial CFD code, ANSYS FLUENT 18.2. In this research, the effect of different arrangement of tubes in a shell and corrugated tubes condensing boiler are analyzed numerically. There are 10 tubes with three different arrangements inside the shell. The results show that the first model has clearly better heat recovery performance than the other two investigated models because of its irregular position of the tubes. The numerical model is validated by experimental results. According to the comparison of the results, the maximum difference is 6.9% and 8.9%. So simulation result shows good agreement and accuracy. Also, 10 pipes with 3 different configurations are used inside the tube. results reveal that nonlinear and irregular configuration is better than two other models.

Individuals performance at the workplace is affected by different adopted postures. Sitting postures are mostly used during office work. Improper sitting postures may cause muscle fatigue and discomfort in the spine and also result in mental workload. Poor posture may result in human errors and delay in information processing. Previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between static sitting postures and cognitive factors such as reaction time to an auditory stimulus. Also, some recent studies have demonstrated the effect of static postures on cognitive performance. To our knowledge, none of the studies had considered the sitting and standing postures effects on cognitive performance simultaneously. The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive performance during three different static working postures: standard sitting, standing, and self-selected sitting postures.
This semi-experimental design study was conducted on the twenty-nine healthy students (aged 20-30 years). The non-probability sampling method was selected. All participants provided their written informed consent. Participants with no musculoskeletal disorders, heart disease, spine surgery, and history of depression and stress were selected. Their depression status and level of stress were measured using Beck questionnaire. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. Subjects performed complex Stroop test and typing activity in an office-like laboratory setting at the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. Stroop test lasted about 9-12 minutes, and a typing task was also designed for approximately 5 minutes for all subjects. Three random postures were selected based on common postures used in the office. The effects of the postures (standard standing, standard sitting, and self-selected sitting posture) on dependent variables such as total test duration and reaction time to congruent and incongruent stimulus, number of typing words and number of typing error were assessed with Repeated Measures ANOVA. To examine the differences between groups, the paired t-test was used.
The results demonstrated that reaction time measure and number of typing error (accuracy) were affected by postures (P=0.001). Post hoc analysis demonstrated that reaction time was significantly different between self-selected sitting posture and standard sitting posture (P=0.001), self-selected sitting posture and standard standing posture (P=0.043), standard sitting posture and standard standing posture (P=0.001). With considering the average amount of reaction time to congruent and incongruent cases, it was observed that there is less reaction time in the standardized sitting posture (M=628.67 ms) compared to the self-selected sitting posture (M=689.41 ms) and standard standing posture (M= 675.16 ms). Also, among the three postures studied a significant difference was observed in the number of typing error words (P=0.001). The number of typing error (accuracy) was lower in this posture compared to the two other postures (M=1.58).
This study demonstrates that cognitive performance is affected by working postures. This study demonstrates that standard sitting posture is the best posture. Therefore, it is recommended that sitting posture can help in increasing cognitive performance in the workplace.

The present research work is an attempt to study the impact of the program of teaching philosophy to children on the problem solving capability of primary grade 3 students of Eslamabad-e Gharb city. All primary grade 3 students in 1393-1394 (2014-2015) are included in this research work. For this purpose 80 students have been selected randomly in two experimental group (40 students) and control group (40 students). For collecting data, the Solving Problem Questionnaire of Long and Kasidi(1996) has initially been used, then the program of teaching philosophy to children has been implemented for experimental group in twelve sessions. At the end of the course, the same questionnaire has been used for both groups. An average mark of problem solving capability of both control and experimental groups have been assessed through the analysis of Covariance which shows a meaningful difference (p

The purpose of this research was to determine Amount to have Smart school teachers of the skills required to teach by using ICT.
This study is done by descriptive survey method. The statistical population consisted of all teachers of smart schools in Chaypare city, which among them were selected 154 Person as a research sample by stochastic random sampling method. For collecting data was used the produced- investigator questionnaire 25 item. The Face and Content Validity the questionnaire was approved by a number of professors and specialists in the field of education. Also the factor analysis method was used to determine the main components with varimax orthogonal rotation. Its credibility was estimated through Cronbach's alpha 0/87. Data obtained analyzed by using SPSS software version 16 and by descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (T-test and independent ttest).
Findings: The results showed that the Smart school teacher's skill to teach by using ICT and also contract the amount to have teachers from teaching skills in design, implementation and evaluation at moderate level. In addition, the results showed that female teachers have better performance in skills teaching by using ICT in designing, implementing and evaluating to compared to male teachers. According to the results of this study, it is very important to Attention to the implementation of theoretical and practical training courses in conjunction with the new educational technologies for teachers, educational developments and matching.

The aim of this study is to investigate on relationship between decision-making styles of managers and creativity and participatory management, in schools of Ghaem shahr city. The research method is a descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the study consists of all school's managers of Ghaemshahr city. The sample size consists of 78 subjects. Research instruments were three questionnaires of decision-making styles of Moghadam zade and Tehrani (1387), Participatory management of Moghimi (1381) and creativity of Sanatizade (1389). For analysis of data, descriptive statistics methods (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and statistical illation (correlation coefficient test, t-test, stepwise regression and variance) is used.
The resualts showed that the components of the decision-making styles, Rational and annie components have a significant and positive relationship with creativity.Also Results showed that from the Components of decision-making styles, only intuitive has a significant positive relationship with Participatory management and There is a significant positive relationship between creativity and participatory management. Also Results showed that the components of a rational and Annie were the better predictor for creativity and also intuitive component is the better predictor for participatory management.

The purpose of this study was recognition of the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of Applied Science University of Zahedan and selection of the best strategy to improve the operation of this university. By studying the internal and external environment of the university, the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of these Applied Science Centers were identified. By using these strategic factors, the SWOT matrix was formed and the appropriate strategies were codified in order to improve the operation. To determine the priority of suggested strategies and choosing the best integrated strategy, the SWOT model and ANP model were used. Based on the results the highest priority was given to ST strategy with a weight of 0.324. The second, third and fourth priorities were given to WT (weight 0.324) strategy, WO (0.131) strategy, SO (0.123) strategy. Therefore, the Applied Science University of Zahedan should concentrate on ST (0.399) strategy, as the highest priority.

Spirituality in workplace is a new concept which has been emerged in the business and management literature in the recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spirituality and organizational commitment in the University of Kermanshah. The purpose of this study is descriptive in terms of the application, performance and descriptive statistics. The study sample included all the staff of Razi University (500), who worked in the first half of 2014. Morgan and the sample using the sampling method, 200 questionnaires were selected with the help of organizational spirituality (Shamus and Dvchun, Mylemn 2000, 2003) and organizational commitment (Khan, 2002) were evaluated. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (t two independent groups, Pearson correlation & stepwise regression) was used. Results showed a significant positive correlation between the dimensions of organizational spirituality and organizational commitment & average score for the overall organizational spirituality, in line with organizational goals and continuous commitment of men more than women. Organization spirituality scores overall, alignment with organizational goals and continuous commitment of men than women. Checking other assumptions indicate that the dimensions of organizational spirituality and organizational commitment based on regression analysis of solidarity with colleagues and spiritual dimensions of organizational alignment with the organization's goals were positive predictors of emotional commitment and solidarity with colleagues, it is anticipated that ongoing commitment. Overall scores as positive predictors of organizational spirituality were for normative commitment.

Education is the most effective mechanism for dealing with one of the biggest challenges of this century, i.e., sustainable development. Sustainable development needs a holistic human being with systemic thinking and interdisciplinary and intra-disciplinary vision who is informed, creative and participatory. Production of such qualified human resources needs high quality elements and factors of the educational system (input, process, output, and outcome) in line with sustainable development. Higher education and expert human resources play a key role in sustainable development of any societies. Universities, as places for study and research, should strive for sustainable development. Higher education should acquire the best way to exploit limited resources and facilities. In this article, developing a model for assuring the quality of higher education system in order to reach sustainable development based on systems approach is discussed. To reach sustainable development, we should provide coordination and interaction among the parts of development. A descriptive-analytic method, similar to library studies, is used in this article.

Security is one of the human needs. As human needs hierarchy of Maslow, the security is in the second level and it's after the physiologic needs. The scientists believe that the factors like social, economic, cultural and etc. effect on security.in the meantime we can mention indefensible space role. Target of this paper is applying of GIS for finding and analyzing of these spaces; until in this way have a better recognition about these spaces for recommended the appropriate solutions. This research applied spatial analyst (GIS) and analyzing indefensible spaces in case study (Pardis). The result shows that distinguishable spatial patterns can be fined and these situations are useful for defining the subject and action plans in case study.

The purpose of this descriptive – survey research was to evaluate modular programs in University of Applied Sciences and Technology based on a labor market needs assessment. The statistical population included all students (N=2540) in centers of Zahedan Applied Sciences and Technology University during 2011-12 academic year. Using categorical - random sampling method, 315 students were randomly selected. Data were collected by using a researcher made questionnaire and analyses were performed via inferential statistics. The results indicated that program's goals and implementation of educational programs were based on labor market needs assessment. Nonetheless, there has been no detailed assessment for the development and presentation of program's contents. The results also showed that studying in Applied Sciences and Technology centers have not initiated job promotion and skills advancement.