شهره علی محمدی

Due to the significant importance of the teeth in mastication, speech, and aesthetics, it is necessary to identify all involved genes in the tooth development. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the role of endothelin-1 and its A receptor in dental lamina in different stages of tooth development.

This cross-sectional study included 33 fetal samples that were divided into three groups regarding gestational age. All samples were then stained by immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, the analysis was conducted in SPSS software (version 20) through the two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests to examine the differences between the variables.  A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was a significant difference between the gestational age and the expression level of endothelin-1 in dental lamina (P<0.001). In addition, a significant relationship was observed between age and anatomic area (P<0.001). There was also a significant difference between the gestational age and the expression level of endothelin-1 receptor (ETAR) in dental lamina (P<0.001). A significant association was found between gestational age and anatomic area (P<0.001).

The expression levels of endothelin-1 and its receptor (ETAR) in each jaw were higher in anterior dental lamina, compared to posterior dental lamina. These results may confirm the role of endothelin-1 and its receptor in cell proliferation, differentiation of dental lamina, and  calcium ion transport during tooth development

Some studies have shown that abnormal levels of biomarkers may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum levels of Inhibin A and the outcomes of pregnancy.

This retrospective cohort study was conducted on the data obtained from the Inhibin A of 560 pregnant women at 15 to 20 weeks of gestation in Hamadan, Iran. The levels of Inhibin A less than 0.5 and higher than 2 mmol were considered below and high, respectively. The patients were assessed in terms of birth weight, gestational age, Apgar score, preeclampsia, intrauterine fetal death, and cesarean section. The receiver operating characteristic curve level was calculated to detect adverse pregnancy complications. The data were statistically analyzed in STATA software (version 14).

Out of the pregnant women eligible for the study, 33 (5.9%) cases were excluded due to incomplete medical record files and unavailability. Of the remaining 527 patients, 378 (71.7%), 26 (4.9%), and 123 (23.3%) ones had normal, low, had high Inhibin A levels, respectively. Patients with higher serum Inhibin A levels had a higher risk of preeclampsia, low birth weight, and prematurity, compared to those with normal or low levels (P˂0.05).

Based on the findings of the present study, high levels of Inhibin A at 15 to 20 weeks of gestation can be associated with the risk of preeclampsia, low birth weight, and prematurity.

Introduction &

Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the common problems in women، especially in young women. Although dysmenorrhea is not life threatening، it can have ad-verse effect on quality of life and cause disability or ineffectiveness. With regard to the young society suffering from it، various treatments are offered for dysmenorrhea one of which is medicinal plants. This study investigated the effect of Melissa officinalis and Salvia officinalis on primary dysmenorrhea

This study was a clinical trial study performed on 50 girls with dys-menorrheal taking Salvia officinalis as infusion for five days before menstruation and five days during the menstruation. The consumption of the plants was repeated in the next two periods in the same way. Severity of pain، blooding duration and dysmenorrhea duration were evaluated with VAS (Visual Analog Scale) Questionnaire in their next two cycles. Data were analyzed by chi-square، t-test and WILCOXON statistical test.

The results of this study showed that after using the plants، pain severity and pain duration significantly reduced P<0. 01)so that pain severity decreased from 6. 30 to 3. 94 and 3. 24، (on a scale of 1 to 10) after taking the plants in the first and second periods، respectively. The maximum pain duration before the treatment was 1 to 6 h (28. 6%) and this number reduced to less than 1 h after using these medicinal plants (38. 0%). Mean of blooding duration was 6. 36 days before the treatment. After the first and second duration، this value reached 6. 48 and 6. 34 days، respectively. It was determined that taking oral seda-tives reduced from 56% to 26% and 22% after the first and second periods، respectively. Fi-nally، after the second period، 42% of the girls reported high rates of satisfaction because of using the medicinal plants.

Generally، it was showed that Melissa officinalis and Salvia officinalis signifi-cantly reduced pain severity and pain duration in the girls with primary dysmenorrhea. These medicinal plants can be used as a therapy method and raise the life quality of suffering women.