شهریار درگاهی

Considering the negative effects of emotional divorce on the health of couples and family members, the objective of the present study was to examine the causal relationships of differentiation, Latent communication aggression, and emotional divorce in conflicting women with the mediating role of marital conflict. The research method was descriptive and correlational using structural equation modeling approach (SEM). The statistical population included women who were referred to Welfare Counseling centers in Khalkhal in 2023. From among them, 200 women were selected using the convenience sampling method. They filled out Gottman’s Emotional Divorce Scale (EDS), Skowron and Schmitt’s Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI), Nelson and Carroll’s Latent Communication Aggression Scale (CRAS), and Barati’s Marital Conflict Scale (MCS). The results showed that differentiation had a direct and negative effect on marital conflict, and latent communicative aggression had a direct and positive effect on marital conflict (p < 0.01). Moreover, differentiation and latent communicative aggression had an indirect effect on emotional divorce with the mediating role of marital conflict (p < 0.01). According to the findings, both differentiation and latent communication aggression played an important role in the emotional divorce rate of conflicting women directly and indirectly (through changes in marital conflict). Therefore, therapists, especially in the field of couples therapy, can use the findings of this research study to reduce emotional divorce in couples.

Today, cosmetic surgery is considered one of the most common forms of surgery in the world, and its usage has become widespread. The main and fundamental goal of cosmetic surgery is to improve the physical appearance of a person who has an abnormal appearance. When people realize that their appearance is not by the standards and norms of society, they may suffer and consider surgery the final solution. Studies that have used psychological scales to evaluate psychopathology have mentioned significant psychopathology in patients applying for cosmetic surgery. The results of a study in this field indicate that more than 70% of cosmetic surgery applicants have been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, the most common of which include depression, anxiety, neuroticism, and passive-aggressive personality disorder. The results of the conducted research indicate that people who were interested in cosmetic surgery had more psychological vulnerability than those who were not interested in cosmetic surgery. One of the major problems of cosmetic surgery applicants is high psychological vulnerability, including symptoms of anxiety, depression, and depression. Psychological vulnerability can be defined as sensitivity to the creation of a disorder, uncertainty, feeling of danger in facing certain conditions, and being exposed to the risk of psychological problems. Psychological vulnerability is effective in all cognitive and behavioral dimensions of people. Psychological vulnerability is presented as a pattern of psychological symptoms or behavior that occurs in a person, and this pattern or symptoms reflects an underlying psychological dysfunction and its consequences include disability or clinically significant distress. These symptoms are a predictable response to a general stressor or the lack of a culturally approved response to a specific event, and they can be caused by a neurological role. The purpose of the research was to test the structural model of psychological vulnerability based on childhood trauma and unstable self-esteem, considering the mediating role of internalized shame in people applying for cosmetic surgeries.

This research was fundamental and quantitative in terms of objective and semi-quasi correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all people applying for cosmetic surgery living in Tehran and referring to cosmetic clinics in 2022-2023. A sample of 304 people, who volunteered to cooperate, were included in the research from among the aforementioned population. Drugatis Psychological Vulnerability Questionnaire (2001), Bernstein's Childhood Trauma (2003), Chabrol, Rocio and Callahan's Unstable Self Esteem (2006), and Cook's Internalized Shame (1993) were used to collect information. Data were analyzed by correlation matrix method and structural equation modeling.

The results of data analysis showed that the indicators of the proposed model have an acceptable fit. The path of unstable self-esteem to psychological vulnerability (β = 0.343, P = 0.000), the path of unstable self-esteem to internalized shame (β = 0.435, P = 0.000), the path of internalized shame to psychological vulnerability (β = 0.549, P = 0.000), the path of childhood trauma to psychological vulnerability (β = 0.147, P = 0.000), the path of childhood trauma to internalized shame (P = 0.000, 431/ β = 0) is reported. Also, the mediating role of internalized shame was confirmed at the confidence level of 0.95.

Self-report questionnaires were used to collect data. Therefore, the results of the present study, due to the use of questionnaires and self-report scales, may have encouraged the subjects to use methods based on obtaining social approval and avoiding stigma related to individual inadequacy instead of actual behavior. As a result, caution should be observed in the interpretation of the obtained findings. The high volume of questions in the research questionnaires, which could include the possibility of fatigue of the subjects, was one of the other limitations of this research. Also, the results of other people or cultures should be done with caution. Considering the ethnic and cultural diversity in Iran, the model of the present study as well as other psychological elements should be investigated in volunteers and non-volunteers of cosmetic surgery in other ethnic groups. It is suggested to use a large community of women and men in future studies to increase the generalizability of the research results. It is also suggested to investigate and compare the two genders in future studies. It is recommended to pay attention to the important role of psychological factors affecting mental vulnerability and in the tendency to this type of surgery before undergoing cosmetic surgery, and since psychologists have expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological and personality issues, this should be considered. Specialized psychological counseling should be done by them before cosmetic surgery. The present study was conducted with the aim of testing the nose model of the psychological vulnerability of people applying for cosmetic surgeries based on childhood trauma and unstable self-respect, considering the mediator role of internalized shame in Tehran. According to the results obtained in the present study, the main hypothesis was confirmed. This result generally indicates that the model of psychological vulnerability based on childhood trauma and unstable self-esteem has a good fit with regard to the mediating role of internalized shame in people applying for cosmetic surgeries. Therefore, it is recommended that the contribution of the above variables in the assessment, diagnosis and treatment is considered important and related organizations should consider possible preventive programs.

Marriage as a way to attain peace and human needs has always been front him and people always try to make the best choice for their partner to have a life full of satisfaction. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the lived experience in women who married without parental consent.

The research was carried out with a qualitative approach and phenomenological model.The statistical population of the study included 15 women who married without family consent and therefore have no relationship with their original family, were selected by purposive sampling method and sampling continued until data saturation and lack of access to new data.The qualitative research method used was semi-structured interview. All interviews were recorded and transcripted verbatim and analyzed using the Coliseum method.

In this study, 4 main subjects and several minor subjects were extracted. The main subjects included: marital satisfaction, feeling lonely, distress tolerance and mutual support.

According to Iranian culture and the deep influence of the family, the issue of family and parental satisfaction is a case that couples should pay special attention to when choosing and deciding to get married. The results of the present study showed low marital satisfaction, high loneliness, and low mutual support in the women. Also, relatively high distress tolerance has been obtained from the results.Keywords: lived experience, women, marriage without family permission, phenomenological study

The necessity of identifying the factors affecting the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family has always been of interest to the family's specialists. The present study was designed to predict the role of quality of relationship based on marital intimacy and main family health. This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The study population consisted of married women and men in Tehran during the period of  2016-17, 250 of them were selected by sampling method. Data were collected using Marital Intimacy questionnaire (Walker & Thompson, 1983) The Health of The Main Family (Yeshtat and others, 1985), the Relationship With The Wife's Family (Cheraghi, 1393), were collected. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and inter regression analysis. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the family's main health and marital intimacy with the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family(P<0/01). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that marital intimacy and family health can explain 26% of the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family. in forming the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family, marital intimacy, and the family's primary health, plays a very important role. Therefore, the need for more attention to these factors in the consolidation of the family is fundamental.

 Today, the number of dual career couples is increasingly prevalent around the world. This lifestyle, despite the increase in the level of economic well-being, has caused marital problems due to pressures, role conflicts and the nature of their lives. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain the sexual dissatisfaction based on the lived experiences of working couples.

 The present study was a qualitative study with an interpretive phenomenological approach conducted with the participation of 13 working couples. Participants were purposefully selected from those referred to Ardabil counseling centers according to the inclusion criteria. Prior to the interview, the study participants, after signing the informed consent form, responded to the Larson Sexual Satisfaction Scale for initial evaluation and entry into the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and coded, categorized and analyzed using the thematic analysis method of Depoy and Gitlin (1993).

 Based on the answers of the participants in the study, the themes of experiences related to sexual dissatisfaction of dual career couples were categorized in 2 main themes of “unfavorable sexual and marital relations” and “difficulty in sexual assertiveness” and 7 sub-themes and 19 categories.

 Based on the findings of the present study, the sexual dissatisfaction of dual career couples has sexual, functional and marital dimensions. The findings of the present study can be used in the field of pathology, prevention and treatment of marital and sexual problems of working couples in private counseling centers and organizations.

Marital satisfaction is a very important aspect in the relationship between couples and plays an important role in family health, so it is very important to study the factors affecting it. The present study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on attachment styles with the mediating role of triangulation in couples of the University of Medical Sciences.

The research method was descriptive and correlational in the form of path analysis. To conduct this research, 254 married individuals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience sampling method. The research instrument was Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire, Adult Attachment Style Scale and Triangulation Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed through AMOS software.

The results showed that anxiety and avoidance attachment styles reduce and safe attachment style increases marital satisfaction in couples. Alsp anxious and avoidance attachment styles increase triangulation in couples. Triangulation also has a negative and significant relationship with marital satisfaction. The results of indirect communication showed that the role of mediator of close triangulation in the relationship between avoidance and anxiety attachment styles with marital satisfaction is significant. None of the triangulation variables of children and relatives had a mediating role in the relationship between secure attachment style and marital satisfaction.

Marital satisfaction can be predicted through their attachment styles, and triangulation with others can also affect this relationship. Necessary interventions in this field can greatly increase peoplechr('39')s marital satisfaction.

It is necessary to pay attention to the psychological perceptions of devotees in the family environment exposed to the mental illness associated with the war and its effects. Therefore, the present research was done on the attitudes to life in the thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in veterans.

The method of this research is correlational. The statistical population includes 120 amputations in the city of Ardakan in the winter of 2017. The sample was selected through a department of the martyr Ardakan municipality in presence of defender and the research questionnaires were provided with a given time period to answer. Interpersonal need Questionnaires (INQ) and attitude towards life were completed by devotees. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise regression analysis were used through SPSS22 software.

The results show that all dimensions of attitude towards life, except accepting of death has a significant relationship with the feeling of being overwhelmed by veterans, Also, all dimensions of attitude towards life, except responsibility, have a significant relationship with the neutral attachment of devotees. The results of stepwise regression show that predictive variables, only existential vacuum, purposefulness and meaning search can predict 18% of the variance associated with the feeling of overhead and 16% of the variance of neutral attachment.

Understanding spiritual experience and attitudes toward veterans' lives can be used to develop comprehensive interventions by psychologists and counselors to improve their quality and satisfaction with their lives.

The aim of current research was to investigate the Role of Perceived Family Resilience and Emotion Regulation in Prediction of Internet Addiction of Students. The research method is correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of high school students in Parsabad city in the academic year of 2016-2017that among them 250 students were selected as sample through a Random cluster sampling method. The tools used in this study were three standard questionnaires of family resiliency, emotion regulation and internet addiction. The collected data were analyzed using version 21 of the spss software. The findings of this study showed that there is negative and significant relations between family resilience(and its dimensions) and emotion regulation with internet addiction (P<0.01).Also regression analysis showed that the predictor variables could significantly predict 27 percent of variance of internet addiction among students (P<0.01). The findings of this study highlight the importance of Perceived Family Resilience and emotion regulation as important family and individual skills in explaining Internet addiction as one of addictive behaviors in students.

Internet addiction, one of the threatening factors of student’s mental health and academic achievement, is influenced by various emotional and psychological factors. The purpose of current research was to investigate the role of Alexithymia and Decisional Procrastination in predicting addictive use of the Internet among students.

In this correlational research, 236 students from Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2014-15 academic year, were selected through a random sampling method and responded to the internet addiction questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia scale and Decisional Procrastination scale. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and Regression analysis.

There was a significant positive correlation between Alexithymia and Decisional Procrastination and internet addiction in students (P<0/01). The results of regression analysis showed that Alexithymia and Decisional Procrastination can predict 22 Percent of variance of internet addiction positively and significantly.

The results of current research implies the importance of Alexithymia and Decisional Procrastination on internet addiction in students.

According to the important role of family factors in people quality of work and the importance of correct emotional relationship of medical staff in patients' satisfaction and spirits, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived intimacy from the main family and work-family conflict with empathy and addiction to work in the medical staff. This study was a description of correlation type. The statistical population of this study included all the medical staff of medical centers in Bojnourd city in the 2018-19 year. Among them 250 person were selected by available sampling method. For data collection we used main family health Questionnaire, work-family conflict questionnaire, Lamonica empathy scale, and work addiction questionnaire. To analyze the data of this study, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software (version 25) was used. The results of Pearson correlation showed that perceived intimacy from the main family had a positive and significant correlation with empathy and negative correlation with addiction to work. Also, the results indicated that there is a significant correlation between work-family conflicts with empathy, but there was not a significant correlation between work-family conflicts and addiction to work. The results of the present study indicate the role of family system and its internal conflicts on empathy with patients and work addiction in hospital staff, which emphasizes the need to pay more attention to the improvement of quality of family life of health care staff.

It is necessary to pay attention to the psychological perceptions of devotees in the family environment exposed to the mental illness associated with the war and its effects. The present research performed on the attitudes to life in the thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in veterans. The method of this research is correlational. The statistical population includes 120 amputated vaterans in the city of Ardakan in 2017. The sample was selected through a department of the martyr Ardakan municipality in presence of defender and the research questionnaires were provided with a given time period to answer. Interpersonal need Questionnaires (INQ) and attitude towards life were completed by devotees. The data was analyzed by SPSS-22 software. The results show that all dimensions of attitude towards life, except accepting of death has a significant relationship with the feeling of being overwhelmed by veterans, Also, all dimensions of attitude towards life, except responsibility, have a significant relationship with the neutral attachment of devotees. The results of stepwise regression show that predictive variables, only existential vacuum, purposefulness and meaning search can predict 18% of the variance associated with the feeling of overhead and 16% of the variance of neutral attachment. Understanding spiritual experience and attitudes toward veterans' lives can be used to develop comprehensive interventions by psychologists and counselors to improve their quality and satisfaction with their lives.

One of the damaging factors of the family structure is the disability of one of its members, which can be due to events such as war. Due to the need to pay attention to the members of the veterans' family, especially their spouses, the aim of this study was to predict the caregiver burden based on sense of coherence and psychological capital in the spouses of amputee veterans. Instruments and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2016 among spouses of amputee veterans in Piranshahr. Using available sampling method, 120 people were selected as sample. For data collection, Pai and Kapur’s Family Burden Interview Scale, Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale, and Luthans’s Psychological Capital Questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed, using SPSS 18 software, Pearson correlation, and stepwise regression test. Finding: There was a negative and significant correlation between caregiver burden and sense of coherence (r=-0.28; p<0.01) and psychological capital (r=0.41; p<0.01). The sense of coherence was significantly able to predict about 7% of the variance of caregiver burden in veterans’ spouses (p<0.005). Also, self-efficacy in the first step and resilience in the second step significantly predicted 14% and 17% of the variance of the caregiver burden of the spouses of veterans, respectively (p<0.001). The sense of coherence and psychological capital reduce caregiver burden in the spouses of amputee veterans.

Spirituality and family are two important components in determining the psychological and social damages. The purpose of this study was to compare addicts and non-addicts in terms of spiritual health, family hardiness, and family satisfaction. The present study is a causal-comparative one whose statistical population consisted of all male addicts in Dehdasht city in 2015. In the present study, 70 addicts were selected through cluster random sampling method and also 70 non-addicts who were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics with addicts were selected through convenience sampling. Both groups completed the spiritual health questionnaire, family hardiness index, and family satisfaction questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests. The results showed that there was a significant difference between addicts and non-addicts. The scores of addicts on all three variables of spiritual health (religious health and existential health), family hardiness, and family satisfaction were lower than non-addicts (P<0.001). It can be concluded that addicts are at disadvantage in terms of spiritual health, family hardiness, and family satisfaction compared to non-addicts. In addition, in the treatment of addiction, these variables can be included as levers in the programs.

Due to the great importance that the nurses health and job engagement have in the health of their, colleagues and patients, this study Aim was investigated the role of work-family conflict and job stress in the prediction of job engagement of GACHSARAN city nurses.
The design of this study is descriptive and correlation crosses sectional design. The study population were included all male and female nurses working in hospitals and clinics in the GACHSARAN city. To select a sample of cluster sampling method was used that a total 100 nurses were selected. To collect information from the Carlson, Kakmar and Williams work - family conflict, questionnaire (2000), work engagement questionnaire and French et al nursing stress scale revised (2000) was used.
The results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between job stress with Job engagement, enthusiasm and charisma at work (p In general, considering that the interaction between family and work issues and job stress is predictors of job engagement of nurses, with education about managing and improving the nurse’s quality of their marital and family life and with training the stress management can be to improve their job engagement.

Marital conflicts and subsequent divorce occur due to various factors that one of them is psychological factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of cognitive failure and alexithymia in marital conflicts of women exposed to divorce.
The current research is a correlation study. 100 women of applying divorce in Shiraz city were selected by convenience sampling and responded to the cognitive failure, alexithymia scale and marital conflict questionnaire. In analyzing the data, stepwise regression analysis was used.
The results showed that predictor variables could predict in positive and significant manner marital conflicts of women who exposed for divorce. In the first stage, alexithymia could explain about 23% of the variance of marital conflict and in the next stage, the predicted amount with adding cognitive failure increased to 32 percent (P Cognitive failure and alexithymia could be one of the reasons of marital conflicts in women exposed for divorce. So, training skills like these is essential for marriage.

Expanding opportunities and enhancing the quality of life of children and young adults with disabilities and their families is a challenging task. An increasing number of parents are refusing to enroll their children at special schools. Due to the necessity of personal and marital life and the importance of improving the lives, families with children with special needs, this study examines the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on caregiver burden and marital stress of mothers of children with special needs. The study employed a two group pre-test post quasi-experimental design. The study population consisted of all married women in Zahedan with a least one child with special needs. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 30 participants. The participants were randomly assigned to experiment and control groups in equal numbers. The research instruments were Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS) and Marital Stress Scale (MSS). The experiment group received Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in ten sessions each lasing 45 minutes. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that a significant impact of acceptance and commitment therapy training (P<0.05) on marital stress and caregiver burden.  Also, the effect size and power strength were 0.68 and 0.95 for caregiver stress scores and 0.77 and 0.93 for marital stress scores, respectively, which show that the effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on the amount maternal stress and marital stress have been remarkable and strong. Marital stress and psychological stress can result from the lack of acceptance, consciousness or non- commitment and avoidance of conflict and insincerity. So group training therapy based on acceptance and commitment may improve the lives of families with special needs.

Aims: Considering the importance of mental health in veteran's lives, a treatment-based approach to admission and commitment can be helpful in creating the psychological flexibility of veterans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) training on emotional control of chemical veterans.
This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group was performed among 50 chemical veterans in Arak city in 2017. They were selected by convenient sampling and then randomly assigned into two groups: experimental group (25 people) and control group (25 people). Emotional Control Questionnaire (ECQ) was used to collect data. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) training was performed in 10 sessions for the experimental group. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23 software using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
There was a significant difference between the mean scores of emotional control in the experimental and control groups in the post-test. By controlling the effects of pre-test, ACT training significantly increased emotional inhibition (F=2.16), control of aggression (F=6.02) and rumination (F=4.41) in the experimental group (p0.05).
ACT training is effective on improving emotional control in chemical veterans; in this way that improves emotional inhibition, control of aggression and rumination, but does not affect the benign control.

Nursing students because of environmental work and study stress more exposed to academic problems and personal efficiency are reduced. The aim of this study was to explain The Role of Psychological Capitals and academic motivation in academic vitality and decisional procrastination in nursing students.
In this study correlation types, to conduct 150 member of university Azad Islamic of Ardebil in 95-96 years and were selected by systematic random and respond to decisional procrastination scale, academic vitality scale, academic motivation scale and psychological capitals were all high validity and reliability. Data was collected analyzed by SPSS 18 software and using regression .
The results indicate that all components of psychological capital (hope, resiliency, optimism and self-efficacy) and academic motivation can predict changes in the academic vitality by positively and negatively changes in decisional procrastination.
The results highlight the importance of psychological capital as one of the important components of Positive Psychology and also academic motivation in reducing student's academic decisional procrastination and promote in academic vitality. Thus, providing trainings based on improving of psychological capital in academic environments will lead to reduction of academic burnout and will better academic performance in students.

Due to the great importance that the nurses health and job engagement have in the health of their, colleagues and patients, this study aimed to investigate the the relationship between work-family conflict and work ethics with mediating role of job stress in nurses. The design of this study was descriptive and correlation cross-sectional design. The study population included all male and female nurses working in hospitals and clinics in the Gachsaran city during 2016-2017 . To select participants, cluster sampling method was used. A total 150 nurses were selected. To collect information from the Carlson et al work - family conflict questionnaire, work ethics questionnaire of Gregory. C. Petty (1990) and revised French et al. nursing stress scale was used. The results showed that there is a negative significant correlation between job stress with work ethic (P

nurses, because of their nature of their profession continuosly face with many issues. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of work addiction and perfectionism on marital stress and social skills of nurses.
This study was descriptive and correlational. The study population included of all nurses in the city of Arak. To select the sample, multistage cluster samplingwere used and included 220 nurses as subject. To collect data, Matson Social Skills(1983), Robinson’swork addictionquestionnaire (1999), Stockholm-Tehran Persian version of Gomer and colleagues Marital Stress Scale questionnaire (2000) and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale hoyt and Felt (1991)were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical and Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression by SPSS-19.
Results showed that There were significant negative relationships between the self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, general perfectionism, obsessive desire to work, control, self-worth and general work addiction with social skills of nurses (p In general, it can be concluded that extreme perfectionism by raising irrational ideals and work addictionwith one-dimensional activities nurses may reduce social and interpersonal skills which finally can lead to marital stress.

Infertility as a biological phenomenon has personal and interpersonal psychological effects. Thus, expressing the psychological and marital consequences would be expectable after diagnose of infertility. The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of positive thinking training on psychological well- being and marital relationship quality of infertile Couple. This study is a pre-test and post-test control group quasi-experimental one. The population of the study was all infertile couples received in the Obstetricians and Gynaecologists clinics in Ardebil-Iran. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 20 participants. The research instruments were Perceived Relationship Quality and Reef Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. Univariate analysis of variance (ANCOVA) was used to analyse the data. The results showed significant differences pre-test post-test differences among infertile Couple receiving positive thinking training on psychological well-being and the quality of the marital relationship (p<0.001). It can be concluded that positive thinking has a significant effect on psychological well-being and the quality of the marital relationship. Therefore, it is suggested that infertile couples receive special training.

Academic procrastination is one of the effective factors to reduce student's academic performance. Also self- efficacy and psychological resiliency are among the important life skills that are associated with positive outcomes in many aspects of life. Thus the aim of the current research was to determine the Role of Self- efficacy and resiliency in academic procrastination of Students.
the research method is a correlation to implement the number of 389 students from payame noor University of Shahr- e Kord in 2013-2014 academic years, were selected through random clustering sampling method and responded to Procrastination questionnaire, general self-efficacy questionnaire and Resiliency questionnaire that all of them had a high validity and reliability. The gathered data were analyzed by spss software using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis.
results showed that there exist a negative and significant relation between self- efficacy and psychological resiliency with academic procrastination (P>0/01). The results of regression analysis showed that self- efficacy and psychological resiliency could negatively and significantly predict 16 Percent variance of academic procrastination in students.
The results highlight the importance of self-efficacy and psychological resilience in determining student's academic procrastination. Thus, providing training based on learning of self-efficacy and psychological resilience skills in academic environments will lead to a reduction of academic procrastination and in conclusion better academic performance in students.

The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of positive thinking training on psychological well-being and perceived quality of marital relationship on infertile women. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest- posttest and 3 months follow up, with a control group. Among the population of infertile women, twenty infertile women (10 persons in experimental group, 10 persons in control group) were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned in experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 session (1 ½ hours for each) of positive thinking training. For data collection, Ryff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire and Fletcher Perceived Quality of Marital Relationship Scale were used. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used for analyzing the data. The results showed the positive thinking training was effective on the psychological well-being and quality of marital relationship among infertile women. Also, the training was effective in a 3 months follow up. Therefore, positive thinking skills can be used in prevention actions.

Job stress is rather common in the nursing profession and affects many areas of nurses’ personal lives such as physical, psychological, social and family aspects. Considering the important role of nurses in the society, it is necessary to identify factors that influence their professional and domestic life, and take preventive measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of job stress on marital stress and subjective well-being of nurses.
This was a descriptive correlation research. Study population consisted of 120 nurses employed in the city of Ardabil during 2013 and 2014 selected through available sampling. To collect data, Job Stress Questionnaire (Tufts and Gary Anderson), a subjective well-being questionnaire, and Stockholm-Tehran Marital Stress Scale (STMSS) were used. Data analysis was performed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis.
The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient demonstrated a negative correlation between job stress and subjective well-being in nurses. Moreover, a positive correlation was discovered between job stress and marital stress. Additionally, regression analysis showed that nursing job stress could predict 25 percent of variance of subjective well-being, 27 percent of variance of marital stress and 29 percent of variance of empathy.
It can be concluded that due to the nature of the nursing profession, nurses’ physical, mental and personal lives are influenced by the stress of the workplace. This will in turn lead to increased marital stress and reduced subjective well-being, which may intensify the risk of developing psychological problems and marital issues in the long run.

It is an undeniable fact that nurses have an important role in the provision of health services. The psychological well-being of nurses is associated with an improvement in their job performance. The aim of this research was to survey the relationship between spiritual and moral intelligence and the psychological well-being of nurses.
This was a descriptive-correlational study conducted on 128 nurses working in hospitals of Bojnourd during 2013. The subjects were selected through availability sampling and responded to King’s Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, Lennick and Kiel’s Moral Competency Inventory and Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis using SPSS software version 18.
The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between spiritual and moral intelligence and psychological well-being (P