فهرست مطالب شهنام ابوالقاسمی

This study was conducted with the aim of creatingp a model of pregnant women's quality of life and self-care behaviors based on health literacy and mindfulness mediated by a health-oriented lifestyle.

The present study was a descriptive- correlative study. The study population was pregnant women who were admitted to the comprehensive health centers of the city of Bojnord in the last three months of 2019, of whom 240 pregnant women were voluntarily selected according to the available sampling method. The instruments used for data collection were the Maternal Health Literacy Questionnaire, Mindfulness Scale, Short Quality of Life Scale, World Health Organization Short Scale, Self-care in Pregnancyand Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire. The data was analyzed and structured using SPSS24 and Lisrel softwares and structural equation method.

The age of the participants was between 18-35 years. The independent variables " health literacy during pregnancy” and “mindfulness” and the mediating variable “health-oriented lifestyle” predicted 42% of the changes in self-care and 61% of the changes in quality of life. The indirect effects of health literacy during pregnancy on quality of life (0.52), pregnancy health literacy during pregnancy on self-care (0.50) mindfulness on quality of life (0.49), and mindfulness on self-care (0.47) were also significant due to health-oriented lifestyle (P<0.05).

In order to improve the quality of life and self-care behavior of pregnant women, it is suggested that in addition to health literacy and  mindfulness during pregnancy, attention should also be paid to a health-oriented lifestyle and its development in pregnant women.

Quality of life and happiness of medical students is important for the provision of medical services and scientific development; But the conditions of the students are stressful. One of the important responsibilities of the university, in addition to academic development, is to pay attention to the quality of life of students. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of teaching spiritual intelligence on the happiness and quality of life of medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

This is an experimental study with two intervention and control groups, which were randomly assigned to the groups after obtaining the consent. Then they answered the pre-test - happiness and quality of life questionnaires. The intervention group was trained in the components of spiritual intelligence during eight sessions. Then the post-test was performed for both groups; the results were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics - MANCOVA.

After verifying the assumptions of the MANCOVA test, the research hypothesis was tested. The comparison of the groups in the pre-test and post-test in different dimensions of quality of life and happiness showed that after the intervention, the adjusted mean after removing the covariate variable is a significant difference.

The findings of the current study indicated the effect of spiritual intelligence training on the quality of life and happiness of students. Spiritual intelligence as a new psychological and religious construct can provide a background for improving the quality of care and treatment provided students. It is recommended to include such teachings and consultations in cultural programs.

Background &

Today, there are few countries in the world where the most important and one of the major problems is not the issue of drugs and addiction. The World Health Organization has considered the issue of drugs, including production, transfer, distribution, and consumption, along with three other global issues, i.e. the accumulation of weapons of mass destruction, environmental pollution, poverty, and class divide among the basic issues that affect human life in social dimensions. economic, cultural, and political threats and challenges in the global arena. The phenomenon of addiction in today's world destroyed many families, the deviation of teenagers, the spread of diseases, and many economic losses and even deaths. Addiction has become a widespread problem affecting human society. Therefore, addiction is a serious problem in the world. Today, to solve this problem, special measures have been predicted and in terms of etiology, various hypotheses have been proposed. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effect of the reality therapy approach on self-compassion and lifestyle at the end of the treatment and follow-up period in drug users.

The current research was a semi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type with a control group and follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all addicts who were referred to six addiction treatment clinics in Galugah City in 2022-2023. The sample of the current study included 45 people (15 people for each group; that is, 15 people in the experimental group 1, 15 people in the experimental group 2, and 15 people in the control group) who were used by the available sampling method. To statistically analyze the data, one-way repeated measure variance and ANOVA were used. In the present research, to collect information, after obtaining the permission of the relevant research and after presenting the research objectives, after selecting the sample, explanations were first given to the experimental groups regarding the intervention and they were asked to be actively present in all the meetings. After obtaining consent from the people participating in the study, people were matched into three groups for each group of 15 people; That is, 15 people were divided into experimental group 1, 15 people were divided into experimental group 2, and 15 people were divided into the control group. In this research, the cluster sampling method was used. Then, questionnaires on the meaning of life, self-compassion, fear of death, lifestyle, and craving for consumption were provided to the two experimental and control groups, and the participants were asked to answer the questionnaires. Then the intervention sessions will begin at Nejat addiction treatment clinic in Galugah city. The arrangement of the seats will be semi-circular to facilitate group participation. To implement reality therapy and compassion group therapy, before starting the therapy sessions, a 30-minute explanatory session was held separately for the members of the experimental and control groups, and the general principles, rules, and goals of the group were discussed in general. After the pre-test, therapy sessions were implemented within two months. The reality therapy was conducted in 8 group sessions, each session lasting about 60 minutes, one session per week for 8 weeks. Self-compassion therapy was performed in 8 sessions as a group, each session lasting about 90 minutes. The sessions were held once a week for 8 consecutive weeks. During the meetings, one person was present as a research assistant to distribute the necessary forms for the interventions among the people and help them. After the completion of the intervention sessions, the questionnaires were given to the people again and the people of the control group were contacted and invited to come to the clinic to answer the questionnaires. Finally, two months after the post-test, the questionnaire was completed again for the follow-up phase.

The findings showed that reality therapy had a significant effect on self-compassion and lifestyle. Also, there was a difference between the scores of the meaning of life, and self-compassion, in the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up regardless of the group. Reality therapy was effective in improving the meaning of life, self-compassion, and lifestyle. In the case of exogenous structures, the value of this criterion is zero. The higher the R2 value related to the endogenous structures of a model, the better the fit of the model. Chin (1998). It introduces three values of 0.19, 0.33, and 0.67 or more as the criterion values for weak, medium, and strong R2 values. R2 explained variance: in fact, they show how many percent of the changes in the dependent variable are explained by the independent variables (Moradi, 2015). The important difference between the coefficient of determination and the adjusted coefficient of determination is that the coefficient of determination assumes that each observed independent variable in the model explains the variation in the dependent variable. Therefore, the percentage shown by the coefficient of determination assumes the effect of all independent variables on the dependent variable. If the percentage shown by the adjusted coefficient of determination is only the result of the actual effect of the independent variables of the model on the dependent and not all the independent variables. Another difference is that the appropriateness of the variables for the model cannot be determined by the coefficient of determination, even with a high value, if the estimated value of the adjusted coefficient of determination can be trusted.

The results of this research showed that by using reality therapy methods, especially reality therapy, self-compassion and lifestyle can be improved in drug users.

identifying individual and social factors affecting MS patients’ life quality can play a significant role in planning, treating process and modifying their life style. Thus, this study aimed to suggest a structural model of MS patients’ life quality based on health promoting life style and health literacy with the intervention of psychological capital 

The study followed a co-relational methodology.The population of the study included all MSIS patients, about 1600 in number and members of Mazandaran Province (IRAN) MS Associations including Sari, Amol, Nowshahr & Chaloos, Tonekabon and Ramsar from among whom 305 patients were selected and studied via the “purposeful method” as the samples of the study. To collect the data of the study, MSIS-29 Patients’ Life Quality Questionnaire, Walker’s Promoting Life Health Questionnaire, Montazeri’s Health Literacy Questionnaire and Luthans’s Psychological Capital Questionnaire were used. The data of the study were analyzed using the structural equations modeling and via the AMOS and SPSS softwares.

findings indicated that health promoting life style and health literacy are directly and indirectly related to MS patients’ life quality with mediated by psychological capital. Further, it was indicated that 68% of the MS patients’ life quality could be determined by health promoting life style, health literacy and psychological capital (p<0.01).

According to the findings, a healthy and uplifting lifestyle combined with understanding and using health-related health information in interaction with positive psychological resources such as hope and self-efficacy can help a person with the disease adapt to difficult living conditions and improve their quality of life. Therefore, health-oriented education should be a priority in the treatment and research plans of MS patients.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional self-regulation training on self-control and self-compassion.

The statistical population of this research included all the students of the first secondary level of Rasht city in the academic year of 2001-2001. Among the statistical population using the purposeful sampling method and based on the score of the questionnaire, the self-control questionnaire (Tanji et al., 2004), and the self-compassion questionnaire (Naf, 2003) in the pre-test, 45 students who met the entry and exit criteria were the statistical sample. formed These 45 people were randomly selected into 3 groups of 15 people (2 experimental groups and one control group) who received self-compassion training for the experimental group (A) and emotional self-regulation training for the second group (experimental group B). and the control group (C) was placed on the waiting list. In order to analyze the research data, multivariate covariance analysis was used. The data were analyzed using spss-22 software.

The results showed that emotional self-regulation training has a significant positive effect on self-control and self-compassion.

Therefore, learning and applying the techniques used in this treatment protocol will make people potentially able to communicate with the present time and change their behavior in such a way as to maintain a valuable life for themselves.

This study aimed to compare the effect of training pivotal response treatment principles and training Theory of mind principles on executive functions in kids with autism disorder. The method was half- experimental with pre-test, post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted children with autism disorder in Lahijan city. After assessing, 45 child between 6-13 years old were chosen and then randomly divided into three groups of 15, two intervention groups and a control group.Data collection tool was BRIFF executive functions questionnaire which was completed by parents For the first intervention group, the Pivotal response treatment in 7 sessions and for the second group Theory of Mind principals were taught in 10 sessions and the control group did not receive any training.At the end of training post-test was conducted. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) analysis. The findings showed that intervention groups were significantly different in the post-test, compared to the control group in executive function. The rate of executive functions incerease after intervention and the size of this increase was higher in the theory of mind training group. The result showed that theory of mind training has great effect than PRT training on increasing self-differentiation (P<0/01). The result of LSD test shows the difference between the effectiveness of mind reading and response-oriented therapy on behavior regulation (P <0.01) and metacognition (P <0.01) in children. There is a statistically significant. The results showed that the scores of the intervention groups were significantly different from the control group in the scale of executive functions. Executive functions increased after the interventions and this increase was more in the mind reading group. Findings showed that mind reading training has a greater effect on increasing executive functions than response therapy training. The use of these two methods is recommended to therapists, psychologists and educators who work to educate children with autism.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of the educational package based on motivational interview, therapy based on acceptance and commitment and therapy focused on compassion on tolerance of failure and health anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The current research was a semi-experimental research design with a control group, pre-test, post-test and follow-up. 40 women with MS referred to the Tehran MS Association in 2018 were selected by purposive sampling and divided into two experimental and control groups through random replacement (20 people in each group). The data were obtained using demographic information questionnaire, failure tolerance questionnaire and health anxiety questionnaire of MS patients. The data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measurements and Benferoni's post hoc test.

The results of the present study showed that there was no significant difference between the average variables examined in the pre-test stage between the two groups, that the training package based on motivational interview, treatment based on acceptance and commitment and treatment focused on compassion on tolerance of failure (F= 8327.20, P<0.001) and health anxiety (F=7816, P<0.001) were effective in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The results of this research showed that the educational package based on motivational interviewing, therapy based on acceptance and commitment, and therapy focused on compassion can be effective in improving the tolerance of failure and health anxiety in female patients with MS.

Critical thinking skills in itself are a type of cognitive skills that emphasize on cognitive strategies and the aspect of tendency to critical thinking, on the attitudinal components of thinking and the internal motivation to solve problems. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the fit of the model based on the relationship between family communication patterns with tendency to critical thinking and happiness with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in students.

The current research method was descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of this study was the female students of the second grade of public schools in Chalus city. Using random cluster sampling, a sample of 319 people was selected. The data collection tools were Ricketts (2003) critical thinking tendency questionnaire, Dennis and Vanderwaal (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaire, Koerner and Fitzpatrick (2002) communication patterns questionnaire and Oxford happiness inventory (Argyle et al., 1989). Data analysis was done by Pearson correlation method.

It showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between family communication patterns with tendency to critical thinking (r=0.34; P<0.05) and happiness (r=0.35; P<0.05). There is a positive and significant relationship between cognitive flexibility with tendency to critical thinking (r=0.73; P<0.01) and happiness (r=0.69; P<0.01).

Based on the results of structural equation modeling, the model based on the relationship between family communication patterns with tendency to critical thinking and happiness with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in students has sufficient fit. It is expected that the effect of factors such as family communication patterns and cognitive flexibility on increasing happiness and tendency to critical thinking in students will be noticed by researchers and educational planners and consultants.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease affecting the patients' physical conditions and limiting their activities. Patients with MS are more intolerant of uncertainty than the general population. This construct includes beliefs about anxiety, negative orientation towards the problem, and avoidant coping style. Psychological helplessness is another psychological problem that manifests itself in people with inflammation. Psychological helplessness refers to a specific distress and emotional state that people may experience temporarily or permanently in response to the pressures and problems of life. Emotional self–regulation is one of the strategies to deal with psychological problems caused by chronic diseases, specifically multiple sclerosis. People with MS experience more problems in emotional regulation than healthy people, which predicts lower quality of life. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on psychological helplessness, intolerance of uncertainty, and emotional self–regulation in women with MS referred to the MS Society of Tehran City, Iran.

The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The statistical population comprised women with MS referred to the MS Society of Tehran in 2017 for counseling and treatment. The number of these people was 4816. Thus, according to the list provided by the Tehran MS Society to the researcher, 357 people entered the study voluntarily. The required number of samples was calculated based on similar studies, considering the effect size of 0.40, confidence level of 0.95, test power of 0.80, and the rate of loss of 10% for each group of 15 people. The inclusion criteria include women aged 20 to 45 years, with minimum diploma education, who have suffered from MS for at least one year, and whose illness was diagnosed by a qualified physician, with the results of diagnostic tests such as MRI in the case of MS Confirmed. Also, people whose disease had reached a severe stage or those absent from the intervention sessions for more than three sessions were excluded from the study process. The study participants responded to the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS) (Freeston et al., 1994), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), and Emotional Self–Regulation Questionnaire (Hofmann & Kashdan, 2010) in the pretest and posttest phases. The schema therapy group received group intervention in 8 sessions of 45 minutes, and the control group was placed on a waiting list. Centrality and dispersion indices such as mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data. The independent t test and univariate covariance analysis were used to analyze the data. The mentioned statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 24 software. The significance level of the tests was considered to be 0.05.

The results showed that schema therapy reduces the variable components of psychological helplessness, including stress, anxiety, and depression (p<0.001), relieving the variable components of uncertainty intolerance, including the stressfulness of indecision, the inability to take action, the negativity of unexpected events and their avoidance, and uncertainty about The future (p<0.001), and the increasing of emotional self–regulation variable components, including secrecy, compromise and tolerance (p<0.001) in the women of the experimental group with MS.

Based on the research findings, schema therapy effectively reduces psychological helplessness and uncertainty intolerance and increases the emotional self–regulation of women with MS. This treatment can improve the psychological problems of patients with MS.

This research was conducted with the aim of presenting the pattern of self-care behaviors of pregnant women based on health literacy and mindfulness with the mediation of a health-oriented lifestyle.

The current research was applied in terms of its purpose and structural equations in terms of descriptive-correlation method. The studied population was pregnant women referring to comprehensive health centers in Bojnord city in the last three months of 2021. A number of 240 pregnant women who volunteered to participate in the research were selected through available sampling. Data using the pregnancy health literacy questionnaire of Kharazi, Piman and Esmaeili (2015), the mindfulness questionnaire of Chadwick, Hember, Sims, Peters, Kupers et al. 2013) and the health-oriented lifestyle questionnaire of Walker and Hale-Polersky (1997) were obtained, and the variables were defined and information was entered using SPSS24 and AMOS statistical software, and it was analyzed using the statistical methods of path analysis and structural modeling.

The results show that the structural relationship of pregnant women's self-care behaviors based on health literacy and mindfulness is suitable with the mediation of health-oriented lifestyle. In the final research model, the relationship between variables of self-care behaviors of pregnant women based on health literacy (β=0.50, P<0.001) and mindfulness (β=0.47, P<0.001) with the mediation of health-oriented lifestyle It was positive and meaningful.

It can be concluded that according to the estimated indicators, the structural relationship of self-care behaviors of pregnant women based on health literacy and mindfulness with the mediation of health-oriented lifestyle has a good fit.

The aim of the present study was to predict love trauma syndromes in college students based on Hexaco personality traits with the mediation of spiritual well-being. The method of descriptive research was of correlation type with structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this research included all the students of the universities of Tehran city, among them, multi-stage sampling method, taking into account that the minimum sample size for structural equation research is 300 people (Klein, 2016) and the possibility 500 people were selected, of which 325 were girls and 175 were boys. The research tools include Ross' love trauma symptoms scale (1999); The Hexaco personality questionnaire was Lee and Ashton (2018) and the spiritual well-being questionnaire of Dalman et al. (2002). The data of the present research were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. The results of the present study showed the coefficient of the indirect path of pleasantness (β=0.069, P=0.003), excitability (β=0.125, P=0.001) and extroversion (0.041). β=-0, β=0.017) was significant with love impact through spiritual well-being.

Among the factors related to addiction are psychological and social factors, which have awide field of studies related to addiction. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and emotion control with addiction relapse Mediated by Sensation Seeking in Self-Identified Addicts.

This descriptive and correlational structural equation model study was conducted with the participation of 278 self-reported drug addicts who were quitting, referring to substance abuse treatment centers in Tonekabon and Abbas-Abad counties in 2020. Sampling was selected using available sampling method and data was collected using questionnaires on addiction relapse, emotion control, primary maladaptive schemas, obsessive-compulsive and sensation seeking. Data analysis was done using the structural equation modelling method and Lisrel 8.80 software.

The mean (SD) age of the participants was 44.8 (11.5). The coefficient of the direct path between obsessive thoughts and addiction relapse (β=0.34, P<0.001), primary maladaptive schemas and addiction relapse (β=0.37, P<0.001) and emotional control and addiction relapse (β=0.43, P<0.001) was positive and significant. The path coefficient between obsession thoughts and addiction relapse was mediated by sensation seeking (β=0.49, P<0.001), primary maladaptive schemas maladjustment and addiction relapse by the mediation of sense seeking (β=0.55, P<0.001) and emotional control and addiction relapse with the mediation of sensation seeking (β=0.52, P<0.001) were positive and significant.

The study showed that the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas, obsessions, and emotion control with addiction relapse by mediated sensation seeking in self-reported addicts has a good fit, and sensation seeking has a mediating role in the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and obsessions, and control of emotions with the relapse of addiction.

Today, there are few countries in the world where the most important and one of the major problems is not the issue of drugs and addiction. The World Health Organization has considered the issue of drugs, including production, transfer, distribution, and consumption, along with three other global issues, namely, the accumulation of weapons of mass destruction, environmental pollution, poverty, and class divisions among the basic issues that affect human life in social dimensions. , economic, cultural, and political threats and challenges in the global arena. Drug addiction is a neurological-psychiatric disorder that is associated with unpleasant habits and a strong desire to consume among its users, and over the years, it has caused many sufferings and tragedies due to the emergence of health problems for its abusers. Substance abuse disorder can make many substance-dependent patients suffer from psychological conditions such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Among the many psychological problems that arise in these people, we can mention a lack of attachment to life, depression, and despair, etc. Also, one of the essential components in addicts and even in depressed patients is problems related to mental health. Among the important factors affecting mental health is the category of death. Facing death and anxiety caused by it is considered as one of the most important components of people's mental health. Death anxiety means constant, abnormal, and morbid fear of death or dying. According to the definition of the British National Health Service, death anxiety is a kind of feeling of panic, fear, or worry when thinking about the process of dying or disconnecting from the world or what happens after death. Considering the importance of addiction disease and its complications, many methods are used to treat it, which can be referred to as self-compassion and reality therapy. Reality therapy is a strategic approach to behavior change; therefore, to explain it, we must first describe the selection theory. In psychology, various approaches such as behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, psychoanalysis, etc. Therapeutic reality is an approach like other psychological approaches to change the behavior of mental patients in the first place and then to help change the behavior of clients in the process of self-development. Self-compassion training is one of the new interventions in the field of therapy that can increase a person's social support by applying kindness to oneself and others and improving social adjustment. In addition, this approach is effective on people's stress and psychological health. This approach can lead to improvement of distress tolerance and reduction of psychological distress of people. Self-compassion includes three components: self-love vs. self-judgment, human commonality vs. isolation, and mindfulness vs. extreme assimilation. The combination of these three components characterizes a person who has self-compassion. Therefore, it is necessary to use treatment methods for the fear of death in addicts. Now, according to what was said and also the importance of the subject, in this research we intend to investigate the effectiveness of two approaches reality therapy and compassion therapy on the fear of death in drug addicts and compare the effects of these two record therapies. Therefore, the main question of the research is: Is there a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two approaches of reality therapy and self-compassion on the fear of death in drug addicts and the two-month follow-up of the treatment?

The statistical population of this semi-experimental study included all addicts who were referred to six addiction treatment clinics in Galougah city in 1400-1401. The sample of the present study included 45 people (15 people in the reality therapy group, 15 people in the compassion group, and 15 people in the control group). The research tools were Templer's fear of death questionnaire (1970) and Glaser's (2010) reality therapy protocols (60 minutes each session) and Gilbert's (2014) compassion therapy (90 minutes each session). Repeated measure variance analysis was used to analyze the data.

It shows that, on average, the death anxiety variable in the two therapeutic intervention groups (reality therapy and self-compassion) decreased compared to the control group in the post-test. In the follow-up test, the level of death anxiety in the two educational intervention groups increased slightly compared to the post-test and decreased slightly in the control group. On the other hand, it was found that reality therapy was more effective than compassion.

In general, it can be said that the fear of death in drug users can be improved by using reality therapy and compassion. In the current research, there were some limitations as follows: the available research sample cannot represent all addicts. The results of the present study can be generalized to the third group of drug users with demographic characteristics related to this research, and caution should be observed if the results are generalized to other women suffering from other types of addiction. In this research, it was not possible to control some variables such as family problems. Also, several questionnaires were completed at home, and the existing conditions may affect the way of answering. Considering the effectiveness of the two approaches of reality therapy and compassion therapy, it is suggested that these two approaches be used by therapists during the treatment and withdrawal of addiction so that the patients have more spirit in dealing with the withdrawal of the disease. Considering the effectiveness of these two psychotherapy approaches on mental disorders caused by addiction, it is suggested that therapists and mental health professionals, by holding reality therapy and compassion therapy, should take steps to change the level of mental health and follow-up treatment so that basic steps can be taken in to improve the process of leaving this disease and speeding up the recovery process of patients, it was harvested.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect ofemotion-oriented couple therapy on forgiveness, emotional selfregulation and marital boredom of couples seeking divorcereferring to family social emergencies.

Due to the nature of the subject and theobjectives of the research, this research was conducted in a quasiexperimental manner with a pre-test-post-test design into anexperimental group (emotion-based couple therapy) and a controlgroup. The population of the present study consisted of all couplesreferring to Tehran family social emergencies. The samplingmethod was purposeful and taking into account the inclusioncriteria. Thirty couples were divided into two groups. The firstgroup underwent emotion-based couple therapy and the secondgroup was a witness. The research instruments included theInterpersonal Forgiveness Scale (IFI-25), the Grenfsky et al.Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2001) and thePineas Marital Boredom Scale (1996).

The results showed that emotion-oriented coupletherapy has a positive effect on marital boredom of couplesseeking divorce referring to family social emergencies.

The results showed that emotion-oriented coupletherapy has a positive effect on forgiveness, emotional selfregulation and boredom of couples seeking divorce referring tofamily social emergencies.

Drug addiction, as one of the most serious social issues in the world, encompasses various dimensions of sociology, psychology, law, politics and economics and is the cause of many harms and social deviations. The aim of this study was to present a model of addiction recurrence based on early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder mediated by emotion seeking in self-reported addicts.

The design of the present study was descriptive and the design of the correlation study was a structural equation model and LISREL software was used to evaluate the findings. The statistical population of the present study consists of all 2204 self-reported addicted patients referring to drug abuse treatment centers in Tonekabon and Abbasabad counties in 1399, numbering 2204, of which 278 were selected by available sampling method and Responded to Wright (1993) Addiction Relapse Questionnaire, Young (1998) Early maladaptive Schemas, Hodgson & Rachmann (1977), and Marvin Zuckerman (1978); Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings showed that due to the less direct effect of indirect pathways than indirect pathways, the presence of emotion mediating variable increased the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder with the recurrence of addiction and the mediating role of emotion seeking in the present study. Confirmation occurs. Other findings confirm the association between early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder with recurrence of addiction.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Friends program training and play therapy on pain response in children with cancer.

The research method is quasi-experimental in the form of pre-test-post-test design with a control group. From children aged 7 to 12 years with cancer in Loghman Hospital of Tehran, 58 people were selected as the sample. Then the experimental groups underwent 10 sessions (2 sessions of 60 minutes per week) under the intervention of Friends program training and play therapy and the control group did not receive any intervention, then the post-test was performed for all three groups. The instrument used was the Pain Response Scale. Data were analyzed by covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test.

Friends program training and play therapy were effective on pain response in children with cancer. Comparison of the two interventions showed that the effectiveness of Friends program training on pain response is greater than play therapy.

Friends and play therapy program can be used to improve the pain response of children with cancer, but the use of Friends program is recommended.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is associated with many serious medical, psychiatric, familial, occupational, legal and financial problems. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between self-efficacy in diabetes management, lifestyle and disease perception with self-care behavior among patients with type 2 diabetes in Iran and Denmark.

This correlational study was conducted with the participation of patients with type 2 diabetes who are members of the Diabetes Association of Mazandaran Province in Iran and Aarhus city of Denmark. The sample size was 432 people who were selected using the available sampling method. Data were collected using the self-care behaviors, lifestyle, disease perception, psychological capital questionnaires, and diabetes management self-efficacy scale. Structural equation modeling using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA) and SmartPLS 3.3.3 software was used to analyze the research data.

The mean (SD) age in the group of Iranian patients was 42.1 (7.8) and Danish patients was 40.6 (7.3). Self-efficacy in diabetes management (β = 0.467, t = 4.859), lifestyle (β = 0.355, t = 3.109), disease perception (β = 0.624, t = 9.974). =) and psychological capital (β = 0.506, t = 8.908) had a direct and positive relationship with self-care behaviors in Danish society. Self-efficacy in diabetes management (β = 0.475, t = 5,091), lifestyle (β = 0.423, t = 4.374), disease perception (β = 0.645, t = 9.992) and psychological capital (β = 0.501, t = 8.866) have a direct and positive relationship with self-care behaviors in Iranian society. Moreover, the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between self-efficacy, lifestyle, disease perception and self-care behaviors in Danish and Iranian society was confirmed.

The study showed that psychological capital had a mediating role in the relationship between self-efficacy, disease perception and lifestyle with self-care behavior, in such a way that the direct relationship of self-efficacy with psychological capital, disease perception and lifestyle, and self-care behavior increased.

One of the causes of stress in parents that is associated with reduced social adjustment is the birth of a disabled child. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy" on social adjustment and parenting stress in mothers with children with physical disabilities.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers with children with physical disabilities who referred to Welfare Screening Center for Dolatabad in Rey city (Aftab, Kahrizak and Fashafoyeh Wards). Sampling method was purposefully selected (30 mothers) and randomly divided into intervention (15 people) and control (15 people) groups using lottery method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, "Social Adjustment Scale" and "Parental Stress Scale". Content validity and face validity was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. "Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy" was performed for the intervention group for 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the intervention for the control group, the intervention was performed. Pre-test before the intervention and post-test at the end of the intervention were received for both groups under the intervention and the follow-up period (3 months). The data were analyzed with SPSS. 24. 

There is a significant difference between the intervention and control groups after the therapy. The mean score of social adjustment increased and the score of parenting stress decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group (P <0.001). 

“Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy" increased social adjustment and reduced parenting stress in mothers with children with physical disabilities. It is suggested that the above method be used as a psychological intervention to increase social adjustment and reduce parenting stress of mothers with children with physical disabilities.

The aim of this study was to Comparison of the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused couple therapy and solution-focused therapy on forgiveness and marital distress of couples seeking divorce referring to family social emergencies in Tehran in 1399. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all couples referring to family social emergencies in Tehran, from which 45 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people in each group) and one control group (15 people) were appointed. The experimental Emotion-Focused couple therapy was trained for 10 sessions of 60 minutes and the experimental solution-focused therapy was trained for 10 sessions of 60 minutes and the control group remained on the waiting list. The instruments used in the present study included the Interpersonal Forgiveness Questionnaire (Ehteshamzadeh et al., 2010) and marital distress (Malach Paynes, 2005). Analysis of information obtained from the questionnaire was performed in two descriptive and inferential sections (independent and paired t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance). The results showed that both Emotion-Focused couple therapy and solution-focused therapy are effective on forgiveness and marital distress of couples seeking divorce referring to family social emergencies. The difference is that Emotion-Focused couple therapy has a greater effect than the solution-focused therapy on the forgiveness and marital boredom of couples seeking divorce referring to family social emergencies. According to the findings, two approaches of Emotion-Focused couple therapy and solution-focused therapy can be used as effective, low-cost and effective approaches with wide applicability in improving forgiveness and repairing relationships between couples with marital boredom.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between types of intelligence (general intelligence, emotional intelligence, successful intelligence, spiritual intelligence, moral intelligence and cultural intelligence) and life satisfaction mediated by mental health in students.

The method of the present study was correlation. The statistical population of this study included all students of Tonekabon Azad University in the academic year 1399-1399 in the number of 4416 people. The sample of this study included 200 people from the mentioned community who were selected using non-random and available sampling method. Data collection tools included Life Satisfaction Scale of Diner et al. (1985), Cattell Culture (1949) General Intelligence Test (Bar9-On Emotional Intelligence Test) (1997), Sternberg and Grigorenko Success Intelligence Questionnaire (2000), Intelligence Questionnaire Spiritual King (2009), Link and Kiel (2005) Moral Intelligence Questionnaire, Early & Ang (2003) Cultural Intelligence Questionnaire, and Goldberg & Hiller (1979) General Health Questionnaire.

Data analysis using structural equation modeling showed that the direct effect of mental health on life satisfaction was significant (0.69) (p <0.05). The direct effect of intelligence on life satisfaction is 0.37 and significant (p <0.05). Also, there is a significant relationship between general intelligence and mental health (p <0.05).

The results of this study showed that mental health has a mediating role in the relationship between intelligence and life satisfaction of students. And increase student life satisfaction.

Self-care  in diabetes is one of the most important factors in controlling the disease. Capability and acceptance status is the personality factors that affect the condition of patients and increase their power to deal with problems among disease. The aim of this study was design a model for promotion of self-care behaviors diabetic patient according to life style, diabetes knowledge and disease perception with mediating role of psychological capital. For this purpose, during a research a correlational description of 216 patients with type 2 diabetes in Mazandaran diabetes association by available sampling method selection and self-care behavior lifestyle, disease perception, diabetic knowledge and psychological capital were evaluated. Data analyzed using structural equations indicated that the variables of life style, diabetes knowledgem illness perception and psychological capital had a direct and significant relationship with self-care behavior and psychological capital had mediating role in this relation. Result showed the proposed model for diabetic patients has goodness of fit.

Satisfaction with marital life is one of the most important and important issues in the marital relationship. Research suggests that communication patterns and relationships between couples can predict the quality of life and marital satisfaction and that quality of marital relationships can maintain the relationship between couples. Another variable that appears to be contributing to marital satisfaction is coping styles with stressful situations in life, namely coping styles. Close and romantic relationships are other factors that can influence marital satisfaction. Love styles illustrate some of the factors through examples that confirm and emphasize the success of relationships. Different attitudes toward love, partly derived from one's previous family experiences, can influence feelings and behaviors and be classified into six main styles. The six love styles include Eros, Storge, and Lodus (primary styles) and Mania, Pragma, and Agape (secondary styles). This study aimed to determine the predictive value of marital satisfaction based on communication and stress coping skills and love–making styles in married women university students.

The research method was descriptive–correlational and the statistical population consisted of all married female students of Tonekabon University, Tonekabon City, Iran, in the academic year of 2018–19. A total of 250 subjects were selected by statistical sampling method. The inclusion criteria were as follows: undergraduate to doctoral students, being in the age range of 20–45 years, full consent of people to participate in the research, and lacking a mental disorder. The exclusion criteria were suffering from psychological problems (such as depression) and the use of psychiatric drugs. The instruments used in this study were as follows: Enrich Marital Inventory (Fowers & Olson, 1989), Interpersonal Communication Skills Questionnaire (Mahmoodi et al., 2017), Stress Coping Styles Questionnaire</em> (Lazarus & Folkman, 1985), and Love Attitude Scale (Hendrick & Hondrick, 1989). In this research, data analysis was in the field of descriptive statistics using frequency, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation. To test the purpose of the research, the Pearson correlation test was used to examine the relationship between predictor variables (communication skills, stress coping skills, and lovemaking styles) and one criterion variable (marital satisfaction). Also, multiple linear regression analysis (step by step) was used, and among the predictor variables, the variable with better predictability and greater relationship was selected. All statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software. The significance level of the tests in this research was considered 0.05.

The results showed that the effect of Storge lovemaking style (β= –0.29; p<0.001) and Eros lovemaking style (β= –0.21; p<0.001) had a negative and significant marital satisfaction. The effect of communication skills (β=0.27; p<0.001) and coping skills with emotional stress (β=0.13; p=0.029) was significant and positive.

Based on the findings, there was a relationship between lovemaking styles, communication skills, and problem–oriented and emotion–focused stress coping skills with marital satisfaction. Also, the variables of Storge lovemaking style, communication skills, Eros lovemaking style, and emotion–focused coping skills had the power of predictor of marital satisfaction.

Depression is a mental disorder whose main characteristic is having a state of anxiety in different situations for at least two weeks. Traumatic experiences and a disturbing family environment can be effective in the onset of depressive symptoms, so attachment injuries are among the main underlying factors in the formation of a depressive disorder. Positive psychological capital is a positive psychological state of life that includes productivity, hope, optimism and self–efficacy. Social support has been cited as a predictor of hope and an increased ability to cope with stress and difficult situations. Adolescents with hearing impairments due to physical disabilities and the resulting deprivations are often unable to form social and mutual relationships with their peers, and their emotional and social adjustment is difficult. Therefore, the quality of attachment with peers is low. This study aimed to develop a model for depression in hearing–impaired people based on attachment styles and psychological capital mediated by perceived social support.

This research is a correlational analytic study using structural equation modeling. The study’s statistical population comprised 1466 people with hearing impairments with active files in the Deaf Center of Rasht City, Iran, under the auspices of the Welfare Organization of Gilan Province, in 2020. A sample of 305 people was selected from the study population using a simple random sampling method. According to Klein (1998), if structural equation modeling is used, about 15 samples are needed for each manifest variable. Since there were 15 manifest variables in this study, 255 people were needed, but considering the possible dropout, 305 people were selected as the final sample. The inclusion criteria were mild to profound hearing impairment, no history of serious physical or psychological problems, no use of psychological medication, and no use of psychological therapies. The exclusion criteria included providing incomplete information and not answering all the questions of the questionnaires. Data collection tools were Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans et al., 2007), Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (Zimet et al., 1988), Beck Depression Inventory–II (Beck et al., 1996), and Parent–Peer Attachment Scale (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987). For data analysis, mean and standard deviation indices were used at the level of descriptive statistics. Inferential analysis of data was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling in SPSS software version 22 and LISREL version 8.80. The Bootstrap test was used to evaluate the mediating relationships. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

Findings showed that parental attachment (β=0.64, p<0.001) and psychological capital (β=0.61, p<0.001) had a positive and direct effect on perceived social support. Also, parental attachment (β=–0.38, p<0.001) and psychological capital (β=–0.41, p<0.001) had an inverse effect on depression. The indirect effect of parental attachment on depression was equal to β=–0.52 (p<0.001). The indirect effect of psychological capital on depression was equal to β=–0.49 (p<0.001). Good fit indices also supported the optimal fit of the research model with the collected data (RMSEA=0.035, AGFI=0.93).

Based on the findings of this study, perceived social support has a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles and psychological capital with depression in people with hearing impairment.

The elderly need proper medical and psychiatric care and attention. So, choosing an appropriate therapeutic method for their psychological care, especially in the elderly with cognitive impairment, will be effective in improving their psychological symptoms and health. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of humor therapy and cognitive rehabilitation on agitation and apathy in male elders with mild cognitive impairment. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all male elderly with mild cognitive impairment residing of nursing homes in Alborz province, Iran. At first, Kahrizak Charity Hospice was selected by purposeful sampling method, and then 51 elderly people were selected based on inclusion criteria, and assigned randomly into two experimental groups (humor and cognitive rehabilitation) and one control group. Cohen-Mansfield’s Agitation Inventory, Apathy’s Evaluation Scale and Montreal’s Cognitive Assessment-Basic were used to collect data. The two intervention groups received eight 90-minute sessions of Humor therapy based on the Mcghee’s 7 Humor Habits Program and Kelly and O’Sullivan’s Cognitive Rehabilitation, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The results of univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that humor therapy reduces agitation and apathy. Moreover, cognitive rehabilitation reduced agitation and apathy. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between humor therapy and cognitive rehabilitation in terms of reducing agitation and apathy. According to the effectiveness of humor therapy and cognitive rehabilitation in reducing agitation and apathy in this study, these interventions can be applied to improve psychological symptoms, personal functioning and interpersonal relationships in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.