شکوفه رمضانی

This research investigates the effectiveness of mindful parenting training on mental health and parenting competence for mothers of children with special needs.

This quasi-experimental research was performed using pretest/post-test and control group and statistical population included all of the mothers of children with special needs in Dezful who were studying at exceptional schools during the years 2016-2017. A total of 49 mothers were selected through convenience sampling method and  put into two experimental (25) and control (24) groups. control group. The pretest was implemented for both groups. The experimental group had nine 90-minute educational classes about mindful parenting. Following the educational classes,  the post-test was implemented. The surveys used in this research included Symptoms Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The results indicated the effectiveness of mindful parenting training on mental health and parenting competence on mothers of children with special needs (p < 0.05).

This method is effective and useful to improve the mental health of families with children with special needs.

The current study aimed at validating the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of suicidal behavior in Iranian students.  The population of the current descriptive correlational and structural equation model included all students of Ardabil city among which 520 people of Mohaghegh Ardabili University students were selected as the sample. Suicide Attempt Scale, The Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Implementation Scale, The Short Defeat and Entrapment Scale, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Impulsivity Scale, Exposure to suicidal behavior Scale, Self-Perceived Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale, and Non-suicidal self-injury Scale were used.  The study findings showed that the modal had a good fitness in students’ community and can explain suicide properly. Defeat and Entrapment play the most  roles in forming suicide ideas and interpersonal needs; loneliness has a  little effect on forming suicide ideas. Implementation, acquired capability for suicide and suicide ideas are the most important mediators that can explain suicide attempt in this model.  Based on the current study findings it can be concluded that Motivational Volitional Model can explain suicide.

Various research have shown the significant effect hope therapy have meaningful effects  in improving quality of life such as hope and psychological well-being,  self-esteem and  reducing stress, anxiety and depression among people but could this therapy be also effective among the man who have physical-motor disabilities? Disabilities in general and physical-motor disabilities in particular lead to mental stress in disabled individuals. Therefore, the question of this study is that whether hope therapy can improve the quality of life in these individuals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group hope therapy based on the quality of life in men with physical-motor disabilities.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all men with physical-motor disabilities covered by the Welfare Organization of the city of Kamyaran in 2015-2016. Among them, 30 individuals were recruited by using convenience sampling and assigned randomly into two experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). The experimental group received 8 sessions of group hope therapy (Snyder, 2000). To collect data, the World Health Organization quality of life instrument-short form (1991) was used. The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance.

Group hope therapy had a significant effect on the quality of life of men with physical-motor disabilities (p<0/001).

It can be concluded that therapeutic interventions such as group hope therapy can be effective to increase the quality of life in disabled people.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy in emotional representation and reduction of self-destructive behaviors in addicts with PTSD. This study used an experimental research design along with pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population of the present study included all addicts in the Urmia Hayat Addiction Treatment Clinic in 2016. After implementing Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on 170 members of them, 40 participants were selected and randomly assigned to two groups. Then, Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) and Self-destructive Behavior Questionnaire were administered pretests. Participants in the experimental group received 12 sessions of cognitive processing therapy. The test was conducted. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Thereafter, the posttest was conducted. The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between post-test and follow-up test in the mean scores of negative emotional representations and self-destructive behaviors. The results of this study address the need for implementing a trauma-focused therapy like Cognitive Processing Therapy in order to treat the drug addicts who have been faced with post-traumatic stress.

Spirituality as the basis of beliefs is an important aspect of the life of the elderly and plays a vital role in providing and improving their psychological happiness and hardiness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of spirituality group therapy on happiness and hardiness in elderly women.
The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of study included all the elderly in Rasht in 2015. Using convenience sampling, 30 of them were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (15 participants) and control group (15 participants). The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of spirituality group therapy program which was in line with Richards and Bergin’s pattern. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using multivariable co-variance test. All ethical issues were observed in the study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests.
The findings supported the effectiveness of spirituality group therapy on the elderly’s psychological happiness and hardiness. Indeed, the old women in the experimental group scored significantly higher in the happiness and hardiness posttest questionnaires compared to their counterparts in the control group (p It can be concluded that spiritual group therapy has a significant impact on seniors’ happiness and hardiness. Thus, this method can be useful as a tool for increasing happiness and hardiness of the elderly.

Background & Neglect and mistreatment have always had a negative psychological and educational effect on children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of resilient education is on the coping styles and optimism of unprotected and neglected children.
This research was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all poorly supervised and neglected girls aged 12 to 16 years old in the care centers of these children in Ardabil city in 2016. Among them, 30 girls were randomly selected and divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) group. Participants in the experimental group received resiliency training in 9 sessions. Stress coping style questionnaire (Becker and Endler, 1990) and optimism questionnaire (Carver & Bridge, 1994) were used to collect data. For analysis of data, multivariate and one way covariance analysis was used.
The results of covariance analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the two groups in problem-oriented coping styles (P 0.05, F = 1.45).
According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that resiliency training by increasing flexibility and improving psychological health has led to an increase in effective coping styles and optimism in unprotected and neglected children. Therefore, it is possible to use resiliency training to improve the mental and social health of individuals.

The aim of this research was investigate the effectiveness of resilience training on anger control and psychological well-being in impulsive students. The research was quasi-experimental and the design was pretest- posttest with control group. The population included all female students with aggressive behavior in 1394-1395 academic year in Kamyaran Shahid Ghafari high school among whom 30 students who had high scores in Barratt Impulsiveness Questionnaire were randomly selected and assigned into a control group (n=15) and an experimental group (n=15). For data collection, the Spielberger state-trait anger and psychological well-being questionnaires were used. For the experimental group, resilience training was administered at 8 weekly sessions in 60 minutes whereas the control group did not receive any training. The results of multivariate covariance showed that resilience training can be effective in psychological well-being and anger control in students with impulsive behavior (p

Aims: The existence of eight years of imposed war in Iran has caused a significant group of warriors and veterans to suffer from symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is associated at least with signs of another psychiatric disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on emotional control and signs of suicide in veterans with PTSD.
In this semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with a control group in 2017, 40 veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder hospitalized to Ghods Hospital of Sanandaj city were selected using available sampling. They were randomly assigned into two groups: experimental group (20 veterans) and control group (20 veterans). The data collection tools were Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) and Emotional Control Questionnaire (ECQ). Patients in the experimental group received cognitive-behavioral therapy for 9 sessions. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using univariate and multivariate covariance analysis.
Findings: After modifying the pretest scores, there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups and cognitive-behavioral therapy increased emotional control (F=25.40) and its subscales and reduced suicidal ideation (F=38.19) and subscales in experimental group (p=0.001).
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in increasing emotional control and reducing suicidal signs in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Aims: Impairment in executive functions can result in impaired self-regulatory behavior and social skills deficiency, and experiential avoidance is a strong predictor of psychological signs and symptoms. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on executive function and experiential avoidance among veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
This study was conducted in a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group in 2017. The studied population was included all male veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder referred to Quds hospital in Sanandaj. 40 veterans were selected using available sampling method and were divided randomly in two experimental and control groups. The Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) and acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ) were used to collect information. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Findings: After controlling the pre-test scores, the results showed that the mean scores of experimental group in number of categories and preservative error as the sub-components of executive function, and experiential avoidance were significantly lower than the control group (p Cognitive-behavioral therapy is efficient to increase executive function and to reduce experiential avoidance among veterans with PTSD.

First degree murder as a dangerous social phenomenon can threat the safety of society and families. Examination its origins and effective factors can be helpful to prevent the broad prevalence of this destructive phenomenon. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the emotion control and executive functions between criminals and none-criminals.
This was a casual-comparative study. The statistical population consists of all first degree murdered criminals habituating in Yasouj prison in 2015-2016. 40 persons among the prisoners, were selected by using available sampling method and 40 persons of normal people participated in the study based on normal matching method. In order to collect data, emotional inhibition and executive functions questionnaire were used. The collected data were analyzed by using multivariable variance analysis test.
Findings: The results of multivariable variance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the mean score of emotional inhibition and executive functions in people who committed first degree murder and none-criminals.
the present research showed that the criminals who committed first-degree murder acquired higher scores than control group in emotional inhibition and executive functions scales, therefore, it’s necessary to investigate these factors. Through knowing aforesaid factors, criminals’ families and all of related organizations which involved in maintenance and rehabilitation of criminals gain more knowledge and thereby can help criminals in restoring inhibitory ability, cognitive flexibility, self-sustaining, emotional inhibition and accommodative strategies by using educational programs and related mental treatments (individual therapy, group therapy, family therapy and social counseling). Also, in order to prevent committing crimes in society, it seems necessary to begin the related educations to control crime in early ages in schools and educational centers.

Disability is one of the realities of the world today that has many undeniable impact on society and people. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group hope therapy based on the Snyder's theory on self-efficacy of physical and mobility impairments men.
This research was a quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest and a control group. The statistical population included all the physical and mobility impairments men who covered by welfare organization of Kamyaran city in 2015-2016. Thirty men were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups.(Each group contain fifteen persons) The experimental group received eight sessions of ninety minutes hope therapy training while the control group did not receive any. As a pretest and posttest; Each group completed the self-efficacy(SGSES) questionnaire. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance method with using of SPSS software.
The results showed that there was significant difference between self-efficacy variables of two groups. On the other hand hope therapy significantly increased self-efficacy of physical and mobility impairments men.(P This study showed that hope therapy led to increasing self-efficacy of physical and mobility impairments men. So implementation of such educational programs in social work clinics and welfare centers are recommended.

Background and Since self-efficacy has a considerable impact on many aspects of people's lives, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-efficacy on test anxiety and academic burnout of students.
The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of study included all the primary school students in Rasht city in the second half 2015 year, that among them, 30 students were selected by using convenient method and assigned into experimental group (15 individuals) and control groups (15 individuals) randomly. The experimental groups had received 8 sessions of self-efficacy program. Test anxiety questionnaire and academic burnout questionnaire were used for data gathering. Data were analyzed by multivariable covariance test.
Results showed that the experimental group than the control group students in posttest had a significantly less test anxiety and academic burnout (P Overall, the results obtained in this study confirmed the effect of self-efficacy in reducing anxiety and student's academic burnout.

The aim of this study was to investigate effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on cognitive flexibility and happiness among men with physical disabilities.
This is a pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental study. The population included all men with physical disabilities under the auspices of the Social Welfare Organization in Kamyaran-Iran in 2015-2016. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 30 participants. The research instruments were Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) developed by Denis and Vandral (2010) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire developed by Argyle and Hills (1989). The participants were assigned to control and experimental groups in equal numbers. The experimental group received Kabat-Zinn mindfulness-based stress reduction training in eight sessions. Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.
Analysis of variance showed significant differences between the experimental and control groups for the treatment’s effectiveness in improving.
Mindfulness -based stress reduction training is useful for improving cognitive flexibility and happiness among men with physical disabilities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group hope therapy on life satisfaction of physical-motor disable mens. The research method was experimental with pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population of study included all the physical-motor disable men's under welfare organization of Kamyaran city in 2015-2016 year, That among them by using available sampling, 30 men’s were selected, and randomly assigned in experimental (15 individuals) and control (15 individuals) groups. The experimental group had received 8 sessions of hope therapy. To collect data on life satisfaction questionnaire (1985) was used. Data were analyzed by covariance statistical method. Findings indicated that the research hypothesis effect of hope therapy on life satisfaction of physical-motor disable men's had been proven and physical-motor disable men's of experimental group in comparison with control group, in posttest had a significantly high life satisfaction. So, we can conclude that hope therapy has a significant effect on increase of life satisfaction of physical-motor disable mens. So the method used in this study is an appropriate method for psycho-educational interventions, counseling in men treated with physical-motor disability.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of hope therapy on happiness of male in physical-motor disabilities. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of study included all the physical-motor disable male under welfare organization of Kamyaran city in 2015 year, That among them by using available sampling, 30 male were selected, and randomly assigned in experimental (15 individuals) and control (15 individuals) groups. The experimental group had received 8 sessions of hope therapy. Oxford happiness questionnaire expression inventory to data gathering. Data were analyzed by covariance statistical method. Findings indicated that the research hypothesis effect of hope therapy on happiness of physical-motor disable male had been proven and physical-motor disable male of experimental group in comparison with control group, in posttest had a significantly high happiness. So, we can conclude that hope therapy has a significant effect on increase the happiness of physical-motor disable male.

In recent years the elderly population considerably has increased. The elderly population due to decreased of activity and mobility, the loss of friends and relatives, reducing of social protection, physical weakness and social exclusion more experience feelings such as loneliness and death anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of existential therapy on loneliness and death anxiety in the elderly. This research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The study population consisted all older people living in nursing rehabilitation home in Ara center at 2015-16 in Sanandaj. Firstly, loneliness and death anxiety questionnaire was completed by all the elderly and then among them who had earned an equal or above score from cut point in loneliness and anxiety questionnaires, thirty subjects were randomly selected and randomly assigned in experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). Then, the existential therapy was administered for experimental group in 10 sessions and the control group was not receiving any training. Finally posttest was conducted for experimental and control groups. Data was analyzed by using the covariance analysis. Results showed that the existential therapy had been effective on decreasing of feeling of loneliness and death anxiety in experimental group. Thus, the need for use of treatments focused on the mood and emotional problem of elderly population especially reducing of loneliness and death anxiety is necessary.

The aim of this study was to test the model of father and mother attachment with anxiety and depression with mediating God attachment. The method of this study was path analysis. The sample consisted of 319 high school students selected through random cluster sampling method. The participants completed four questionnaires (Beck anxiety inventory, Beck depression inventory attachment to God inventory, and Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment). According to the results, the proposed model had an acceptable fitness regarding the fitness indices. The results indicated the indirect relationships between father and mother attachment and anxiety with mediating God attachment and the indirect relationships between father and mother attachment and depression with mediating God attachment was significant. It can be concluded for preventing the psychological disorders as depression and anxiety should be note to parental attachment and attachment to God.