شکوه سادات بنی جمالی

The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness Therapy and Cognitive-behavioral therapy on experiential avoidance in women with insomnia. This was a quasi-experimental study pre-test, post-test, with the control and 3-months follow-up. The statistical population study included women with insomnia who referred to the counseling center of the University of Applied Sciences, Arts and Culture by recall in 2020. A sample of 63 participants were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into three group (21 people in each group). Both two experiments were under treatment individually within 8 sessions of 45-60 minutes. Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) were administered before treatment, the end of treatment sessions and after 3 months. Data were analyzed using Analysis of variance with repeated measure analysis. The results showed that both Mindfulness Therapy and Cognitive-behavioral therapy had impact on reducing experiential avoidance of women with Insomnia disorder, and both were equally effective at follow up, however the first was more effective as well as had the aspect of preventing recurrence. Therefore, these two therapies can be used either way to decrease experiential avoidance.

The purpose of the present study, which is based on grounded theory, was to investigate the role and function of the family in the formation and continuation of adolescents’ addiction to social networks. A total number of 39 students (25 girls and 14 boys), 12 parents, and 11 psychologists were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and the data were analyzed via Strauss and Corbin method. Results demonstrated that students referred to 16 primary concepts. The concepts raised by students were classified into 4 sub-categories (authoritarian parenting style, negligence and neglect, parents’ characteristics and psychological disorders, and demographic factors). Parents referred to 20 primary concepts. Concepts raised by parents were classified into 6 sub-categories (4 categories similar to those of students and two other categories called ambiguous boundaries and roles, and marital problems) and the axial category called family factors. Psychologists referred to 12 primary concepts which were classified into 5 categories similar to those of parents and students. The results showed that the parenting style, function and structure of family (including chaos, decline of parental authority, parents’ conflicts and disagreements, parents accusing each other, parents’ inconsistency in rearing children, concealment, low quality of father’ s presence in the home, the only child, and resources), and parents’ personality traits and psychological disorders (introversion, aggression, perfectionism, depression, and anxiety) play a role in adolescents’ addiction to social networks. Therefore, the parenting style, the relationships of family members with each other, and the roles and boundaries in these families require fundamental transformation.

The use of rehabilitation treatments along with drug therapy can greatly help in the treatment of schizophrenic patients and their return to society. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Community Re-entry Program on improving insight in people with schizophrenia.

The present study is a pre-test, post-test clinical trial with the statistical population including all patients with schizophrenia admitted to the Tolue rehabilitation center. For this purpose, 40 patients admitted to Tolue Rehabilitation Center who met the inclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. The experimental group received a community Re-entry program for sixteen sessions. The groups were tested by Anderson's positive and negative symptoms questionnaire before and after the intervention, after completion and two months later. Data were analyzed using t-test for two independent groups, and covariance analysis by SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; Version 18

The results showed that patients in experimental group compared to control group after implementation of community Re-entry program on negative symptom scales (P = 0.000), disruption (P = 0.000), excitement (P = 0.000)). Anxiety, depression (P = 0.000), positive symptoms (P = 0.000) and total positive and negative symptoms (P = 0.000) at posttest and follow-up on negative symptom scales (P = 0.000). Significant differences were observed between rupture (P = 0.000), excitement (P = 0.01), anxiety and depression (P = 0.000), positive symptoms (P = 0.000) and total positive and negative symptoms (P = 0.001). (P-value<0/05).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of training strategies for planning and monitoring on prospective memory rehabilitation in children with high-functional autism.

This experimental research method was ABAB’s single-subject design. Nine children aged between 7 to 10 years with high-functional autism were selected using purposeful sampling method. In total, each participant received 12 sessions of training on monitoring and planning strategy each week include 3 session that during 90 minutes. Prospective memory Kerns tasks, prospective memory protocol, The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children – Fourth Edition (WISC IV), The Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and The Gilliam autism rating scale were used for data collection. To analyze the data used from visual analysis and Cohen’s d effect size.

According to the findings, the performance of the participants who received the strategies of both tasks was better, and each of the nine participants showed a high effect size in the event-based tasks, but in the time-based task only two participants in the mixed group and two participants in the time-based group obtained the average effect size.

It can be concluded that training strategies can play an important role in improving the prospective memory of children with high function autism and improve their monitoring and planning for everyday tasks.

By considering the importance of successful intelligence and wisdom, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between intelligence and wisdom with learning English in male and female learners.

This research is descriptive and correlational. In this research, the statistical population includes all the girls and boy’s English language learners, from the Ghaemshahr, Babol and Sari cities, who studying in the 1397 year. From the 625 learners 351 of them were boys and 274 of them were girls who, selected by cluster sampling. The research instruments were including Sternberg's successful intelligence questionnaire and wisdom scale questionnaire (3D-WS) was developed by Ardelt.

Pearson's correlation method was used to analyze the results. Overall, the findings of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between successful intelligence and wisdom in increasing the learning of English learners (P <0.01).

The results of this study showed that there is a positive relation between successful intelligence and wisdom with learning English. It will suggest some techniques, in order to increase the quality of their education at four main skills in learning English.

According to the prevalence of cancer in Iran and the importance of women’ s suffering from breast cancer psychological survey, credit scoring of Resilience instrument has been used in this research. The questionnaire of Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) - including 25 questions-was answered by 202 breast cancers women who had been under treatment all over Tehran’s hospitals. Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) has been used for validity consideration.In the confirmatory factor analysis, all fitting indices have been found to be optimal and factor matrix has been calculated based on 2 factors. These two factors had totally 48/37% of total variance. The First Value was 10/75 that was 43/025% of total variance and the ratio of the first value to the second was 1/33 that it was 5/319 %of total variance. According to the results, in general the highest Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha was related to the first factor (α=0/935) and the least was relevant to the second factor (α=0/792) and for the whole factors, (α=0/942) is calculated which shows the high internal coordination. In conclusion, results have proved the accessibility of Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) instrument in women with breast cancer.

The aim of this study was to investigate mediation effect of emotional intelligence between authoritarian, authoritative and permissive parenting styles with bullying. A total of 484 boy students (between seven and eight degree) with their mothers selected by random cluster sampling method. Students completed Illinois Bullying Scale, and Schutte Self-Report Inventory and their Mothers completed Baumrind Parenting styles Questionnaire. The results of the regression analysis indicated that authoritative parenting predicted emotional intelligence negatively and authoritarian parenting predicted emotional intelligence positively. Also emotional intelligence had partial mediation role between authoritative parenting and bullying and complete meditation role between authoritarian parenting and bullying.

Based on the results of the present study it can be concluded that parent’s attitude about children’s maltreatment can shape bullying and victimization in children. Also findings highlight the importance of emotional intelligence in students academic, emotional and interpersonal lives. Finally suggest for the purpose of bullying prevention programs, education of optimal parenting is necessary.

Emotional disturbance is a central attribute of pathology in various disorders, in particular OCD. Anger is one of the main emotions that has been neglected and these few findings have many contradictions and a lot of turmoil. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the lived experience of anger in these individuals. This research was qualitative research and was the kind of interperetative phenomenological analysis. Participants were 29 individuals with OCD who were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball sampling. Also Data collection was through semi-structured interviews, narrative interviews and imagery. In order to analyze, the data were used the principles of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The results of the study included 7 themes. Themes included control, disgust, revenge, helplessness, combating anger, disgust, discomfort and uncontrollability. The results indicate that the experience of anger in an OCD has a wide range that can indicate the heterogeneity of this disorder. Since the two main themes related to the experience of disgust, the findings reveal the key role of disgust in the disorder. The relationship between anger and disgust can also be looked at more precisely in this disorder. However, the association of each of the themes with some of the features of this disorder can lead to studies shifting to another according to the quality of emotional experience. That means exceptional and clear emotional experiences in each category can mean different pathologies, resulting in a different therapeutic approach to treatment of the disorder. In addition, the comparison of the meaning of anger and other major emotion with anxiety disorders and OCD can also be effective in identifying and delimiting this disorder.

research showed about the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness training on self-care behaviors, but which one of this can have more improvement on patients with type 2 diabetes?.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness training on self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with experimental and control groups. Sixty patients with type 2 diabetes who were members of the Tehran Charity Association for the Support of Diabetic Patients in 2018 were examined. Among them, 48 patients with the lowest scores on Tubert and Glasgow self-care behaviors questionnaire (1994) were assigned and randomly placed into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group)  8 session of cognitive behavioral therapy (Crane, 2011) for the first group and mindfulness(Baer,  2014) for the second group were applied.  

The results of covariance analysis showed significant effectiveness of both cognitive-behavioral therapy (p<0/05) and mindfulness training (p<0/05) on increasing the levels of patients’ self-care behaviors. Based on the results of Bonferroni post‐hoc test, there were no significant differences between the effectiveness of two psychological interventions on increasing self-care behaviors in patients (p<0/01).

cognitive-behavioral intervention by changing and coping to patients’ irrational beliefs as well as mindfulness by increasing the range of self-attention and adherence to treatment programs can enhance adherence to diabetes self-care programs in patients.

Children with attention deficits hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a serious deficiency to planning, control of ongoing task and finish their future tasks. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of training time-based and event-based prospective memory strategies on prospective memory performance among ADHD. This experimental research method was ABAB’s single-subject design. The sample of the study consisted of 3 children aged 7-10 years old with ADHD in the primary school of Qom who were studying in the academic year of 2017-2018. They were selected through purposeful sampling. Each 3 children received 12 individually prospective memory training sessions. The instruments that used in the present study included prospective memory tasks (Kerns,2000), the Conners comprehensive behavior rating scale–teacher (Conners CBRS–T, 1998) and the Wechsler intelligence scale for children – fourth edition (WISC IV, 2003). For prospective memory training, the intervention program of Waldum, Dufault, Mcdaniel (2014) was adapted and used. To analyze the data visual analysis and cohen's d effect size were used. The results showed that in the time-based tasks, the number of fuel checks and in the event-based tasks, correct recognition number of cues in the treatment and follow-up sessions increased. In event-based tasks, the number of success was high in treatment and follow-up sessions. Th effect size of training prospective memory strategies were between 1.15- 2.7 which was a high effect size. Training of prospective memory strategies lead to improve monitoring behaviors and correct detection of prospective tasks cues. As a result, prospevtive memory and future tasks performance improve in this children.

Deficit attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as a pattern of severe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or continuous neglect with more repetition than children with the same growth rate. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-motor learning training on social adjustment, motor skills and ADHD / ADHD in preschool children aged 5 and 6 years with this disorder. The present study is a semi-experimental pre-test-posttest with control group. The statistical population of this study included all children of preschool centers in 2nd district of Tehran province. Of these, 90 people were randomly selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control group. Data were obtained using Social Development Scale (Winelland, 1965), Brauninx-Oseretsky Motion Excellence Scale short-form (1978), and the Conners-Wald Formula Child Behavioral Scale (Ritman et al., 1998). Data analysis was performed using Multivariate Covariance Analysis. The findings showed that cognitive-motor learning improved social compatibility (P<0/0001), motor skill (P<0/0001) and total reduction of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder syndrome (P<0/0001) In these children. It can be concluded that the training of perceptual motor games on the improvement of social adjustment, the skill of motor skill and reduction of total ADHD, and the empowerment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The widespread and uncontrolled use of Cyberspace has led to dependency and some problems for some users. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of addiction to social networks among the adolescents. This study was done using the grounded theory method. The data were collected from 39 high school students (14 boy and 25 girl students) using unstructured interviews. The method of Strauss and Corbin, which consists of open, axial, and selective coding, was used for data analysis. Findings: Research findings included 4 main categories (individual, family, social factors, and cyberspace features), and 17 primary concepts (connecting with others, loneliness, avoid from problems, reduce negative emotions, personality features, negative beliefs, psychological disorders, life-skills deficits, entertainment, authoritarian parenting, neglect, the role of peers, social damages, attractiveness, easy access, anonymity, and information transfer speed). The results revealed that along with personal factors, family and social factors affect social networks addiction in adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary for psychologists to adopt comprehensive therapeutic plans that focus on the rebuilding and rehabilitation of family relationships in addition to individual treatment.

Aim. The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate the validity and reliability of a smartphone application for inhibitory control of deliberate self-harm behaviors among dolescents. Methods. The study was a descriptive research of correlational type. The population consisted of all girls) admitted to Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital who had deliberate self-harm behaviors during the past year. Using purposeful sampling method, a sample of 15 adolescent girls (aged 14-18) admitted to Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, who had deliberate self-harm behaviors were selected and evaluated using semi-structured clinical interview, Raven IQ Test, Deliberate Self-Harm Survey, and Go-NoGo Test. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency and concurrent validity of inhibitory control training and Go-NoGo Test were evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis. Results. The results indicated that the correlation coefficients of internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability were significant (P<0.001) .Correlation coefficient of concurrent validity for reaction time and error ratios were significant (P<0.001). Statistical analysis indicated the reliability and validity of this application. Conclusion. It seems that this application can be used as an intervention to increase response inhibition, especially in those who deliberately harm themselves.

The purpose of this study was to compare cognitive behavioral therapy with mindfulness on well-being in patients with type 2 diabetes.  The research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design of three groups. The statistical population included all patients with type 2 diabetes and a member of the Charity Association for the Support of Diabetic Patients in Tehran in 2018. Among them, 60 were randomly selected and after the initial pre-test of Riff psychological well-being (1989), 48 subjects with the lowest score of psychological well-being were selected and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental and one Control group) were replaced.  Data were analyzed by covariance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test. The findings showed that both cognitive-behavioral interventions (p<0.05) and mindfulness (p<0.05) significantly increased the level of psychological well-being in patients, but there was a significant difference between the effect of two psychological interventions on increasing psychological well-being in patients did not (p<0.01). Accordingly, cognitive-behavioral intervention by changing beliefs of patients, better than other interventions, help the patient to learn and practice the skills needed to deal with the psychological problems associated with the disease.

Attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonly recognized disorders in children. This disorder is the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorder in children. If the disorder is not treated, it can cause significant problems for childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ecosystemic play therapy in reducing the symptoms of attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder in children.  For this purpose in a case study research and with using single baseline method, from the population of children with attention deficit- hyper activity disorder in Tehran, 6 child from 7 to 10 years old with the symptom of attention deficit- hyper activity disorder with purposeful sampling were selected, and at the beginning and the end of intervention session and three month after last intervention session with the child behavior checklist were evaluated. Participants received 10 session ecosystemic play therapy. Analysis of within- condition and between-condition showed that ecosystemic play therapy in reducing symptoms of attention deficit- hyper activity disorder is effective. According to the results of the study, ecosystemic play therapy can be used as an effective intervention in reducing symptoms of attention deficit- hyper activity disorder.

The aim of this research was comparison of the effectiveness of ecosystemic play therapy and short- term play therapy in reducing symptoms of attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder. The statistical population of this study was all children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Tehran. The research method was single baseline case study. Twelve children with symptoms of attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder were selected using purposeful sampling. Then participants were treated as ecosystem therapy and short-term play therapy. Participants completed parent Conner’s questionnaires, Child Behavior checklist and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM- IV. Treatment program was fallow- up period of 3 months subsequent to treatment termination. The data were analyzed using two-way comparisons of similar subjects from two groups of ecosystem therapy games and short-term play therapy. Result showed that the effectiveness of ecosystemic play therapy in reducing the symptoms of attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder is higher than short term play therapy. Therefore, according to the results of the study, the effectiveness of the ecosystemic play therapy is higher than short- term play therapy. In addition, the results of this study showed that ecosystemic play therapy and short-term play therapy can be used as an appropriate intervention in reducing the symptoms of ADHD.

The present study was conducted to study the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation of verbal and visuospatial working memory in improving the mathematical performance of students with dyscalculia. This research was a quasi-experimental study with experimental and control groups. The sample included 30 3rd-grade female students suffering from dyscalculia, selected using purposive sampling and classified into three groups through random assignment: verbal working memory rehabilitation, visuospatial working memory rehabilitation, and control group (n=10 each). The sample was selected on the basis of DSM-5 criteria, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Assessment of Persian Reading Ability (APRA) Test, and Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4). After conducting KayMath Mathematics Test and n-back verbal and visuospatial working memory tests in all groups, one group received verbal working memory intervention and the other one received visuospatial working memory intervention for 20 sessions of 45 minutes each. At the end of the interventions and one month later (follow-up), mathematical performance and verbal and visuospatial working memory were assessed again in all groups. The results indicated that both verbal and visuospatial working memory interventions significantly increased the scores of students’ mathematical performance. Based on findings, interventions conducted for working memory rehabilitation can be used as complementary interventions to resolve the problems of students with dyscalculia

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of appreciation training program on existential anxiety among University students. The study was semi-experimental, included pre-test and post-test with the control group, having one month fallow up stage. The population of study consisted of all university students of Saqqez city in 2015-2016 academic year. 160 female students were selected by cluster sampling. Then, 20 students who achieved the standard score in existential anxiety questionnaire were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Data were collected using Good's existential anxiety scale and Adler's appreciation questionnaire. Participants were trained under the program based on Adler and Fagly’ s model, twice a week in 10 sessions of100 minutes each. The obtained data were analyzed using Multivariate Analyze of Variance and Univariate Analysis of Variance. The results showed that in post-test mean scores of existential anxiety in the experimental group significantly decreased compared with the control group. Generally, appreciation training significantly reduced existential anxiety. The findings suggest that the designed appreciation training program can be used to reduce student’s the existential anxiety.

  The relationship between spirituality and social support with mental health and death anxiety in the elderly needs further study. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between spirituality and social support with mental health and death anxiety in the elderly. In this study which was carried out with a correlation method, 350 elders living in Tehran completed questionnaires. Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Templar Death Anxiety Scale, Parsian and Doning Spirituality Questionnaire, and Philip Social Support Questionnaire were used as measuring tools. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlational analysis and multiple regression analysis.
Finding: The relationship between mental health and death anxiety with spirituality and social support was significant. Spirituality was able to significantly predict mental health (β = -0/406, >P 0/0001) and death anxiety (β = -0/233, >P 0/0001). Also, social support could predict mental health (β = -0/349, >P 0/0001) and death anxiety (β = -0/286, >P 0/0001) These findings reveal the importance of spirituality and social support as preventative factors related to mental health problems and the anxiety of elderly death

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and Self-Review on well-being and resilience among students as mothers. The study sample was consisted of twenty seven students of Alzahra University, who were mothers as well..They were selected through convenience sampling, and were randomly assigned to three self-review, positive psychotherapy and control groups. The data were measured using two questionnaires: Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire (RSPWB-SF) and Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) in three phases of pretest, posttest and follow up. For the first group experimental,the positive psychotherapy was administered in seven sessions and for the second group, self-reviewtherapy was provided in six sessions. The control group has received no intervention. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistic and multivariate covariance method. The results indicated that mean scores of subjective well-being in post-test and follow-up were significantly increased in self- review and Positive Psychotherapy groups compared to control group. But resilience was not significant. Accordingly, the findings suggested that self-review and positive psychotherapy interventions had a significant effect on increasing the well-being of mothers. However, there was no significant difference between the two methods in terms of effectiveness on subjective well-being. These results can be construed as an evidence for using positive psychotherapy or self-review in psychological well-being for students as mothers.

This study examined the relationship between spirituality with mental health and death anxiety in the elderly by mediating the locus of control and social support using the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population included the population of the study, elderly women and men in Tehran, which 350 were selected by available sampling method. And Spiritual Questionnaire for Parsian and Dunning (2009), Goldberg's General Health (Goldberg and Hillier, 1988), Temple's Death Anxiety (Templer, 1970), Levinson's locus of control (1973), and Philips Social Support (Wax, Phillips and Hell, 1977). ) Responded. Findings show that spirituality, the locus of control and social support, predited mental health and death anxiety. All path coefficients other than the regression coefficient between the internal locus of control and the death anxiety were statistically significant and predictive variables explained 41% of the general health variance and 19% of the variance of death anxiety. The internal locus of control and social support mediates the relationship between spirituality with mental health and death anxiety. The model was fitted with observable data. Spirituality, the locus of control and social support for preventing mental health problems and the anxiety of death in the elderly and improving their psychological well-being should be considered.

Aim and Depression and anxiety have a significant impact on performance, quality of life, hospitalization duration and treatment result in patients with cancer. The current study aimed to investigate the role of emotional schemas in predicting anxiety and depression in patients with cancer.
Methods and Materials: Using convenience sampling, 250 cancer patients admitted to the oncology ward of Rasool Akram Hospital of Tehran, Iran, were selected in the form of a descriptive-analytical design. Data were obtained by emotional schemas scale (ESS), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and Stepwise regression analysis.
Findings: There was a significant association between all subscales of emotional schemas with depression and anxiety (P The emotional schemas play an important role in the prediction of depression and anxiety level in patients with cancer. Therefore, psychological interventions in this field can lead to a reduction in depression and anxiety in these patients through identifying and modifying negative emotional schemas.

Addiction is a physical and mental disorder, which because of its progressive nature endangers the health of individual and community in all aspects of life. The present research aimed to understand the mediating role of novelty seeking in the relationship between Parenting styles and addiction tendency in high school students in the city of Ilam.
The statistical population of present research consisted of all high school boy students in the first semester 2015-2016 academic years; therefore, 410 students were selected with multistage random sampling, and completed the Baumrind parenting styles questionnaire, Cloninger novelty sensation scale and Zargar addiction potentiality. The data have been analyzed by Pearson correlation test and path analyses using Amos -16.
Findings: Results showed that the proposed model had sufficient fitness with data of research. Path analysis showed that parenting styles significantly affected novelty sensation and addiction potentiality directly. Also, it was found out that novelty sensation had mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and addiction potentiality.
Discussion & According to present research results, novelty sensation is one of the most effective reasons on student’s tendency to drug abusing. With this in mind, the hygienic officials and activists should make policies to increase parent’s information in suitable parenting styles education field and the important role of personality characteristic in tendency to addiction.