طیب ساکی نژاد

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (Sa) and jasmonic acid (Ja) pretreatment hormones on germination and seedling growth of Chamran and Karkheh wheat cultivars under drought stress (St). The cultivars seeds were primed with Ja (100 μM) and Sa (10 mM). St was applied using polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). The data were analyzed based on a factorial experiment with three replications in a randomized complete block design. The use of Ja and Sa reduced the effects of St on wheat germination indices and the use of Ja was more effective. St reduced germination by 33.45%, while the application of Ja and Sa improved it to 22.5%. Germination seedling stress and seed length vigor index were also decreased by 23.7 and 55% under St compared to the control, but with Ja and Sa application, these indices improved to 20 and 16%, respectively. The sensitivity of Karkheh variety with less accumulation of proline was higher in St conditions and it improved to a great extent with the application of Ja and Sa. It is recommended not to use the Karkheh for the southern and western parts of Khuzestan province, where there is a high probability of St occurrence. Considering the improving effect of Ja and Sa on the germination indices of wheat seeds tested in this study, it is suggested that during additional studies, other seeds of wheat cultivars should also be tested with these hormones for use in tropical areas.

90% of Iran's land area is in arid and semi-arid areas. It is expected that by 2025, about two-thirds of the world's agricultural lands will face a water deficit. The yield also decreases by 50 to 90% under drought stress conditions compared to non-stressed conditions. Among the different types of stress, drought stress at the end of the season is the most important stress in Mediterranean areas such as many areas of Iran. Therefore, the yield of small grains cultivated in these areas is affected by drought stress at the terminal of the season. Salinity and drought stress increases the concentration of dissolved solutes in the root environment, increases the osmotic potential of the soil, decreases the absorption of nutrients and decreases the mobility of zinc and iron elements in the soil solution. Elements in the plant can be compensated and tolerance to saline conditions can be increased. Researchers reported that the application of zinc increased the grain yield of wheat and barley cultivars. Researchers reported that the application of zinc increased the grain yield of wheat and barley cultivars. In stress conditions due to reduction of stomatal conductance and limited access to CO2 for carboxylation reactions, the rate of photosynthesis decreases and increasing stomatal resistance is a suitable defense strategy for the survival of wheat and barley. Due to the cultivation of barley in these moderate areas and the role of the micronutrient element zinc in reducing the effects of drought and salinity stress, this research was carried out in different varieties of barley using different amounts of zinc sulfate. This research was carried out in November of the agricultural year 2017-2018 in two areas: 1) Kobutrabad Agricultural Research Station (drought stress by removing water after spike emergence); 2) Rudasht Station (rrigation with salt water 10 dS/m). Planting was carried out by machine planter in November in both regions. In the dry area of Kabutrabad, the plots containing 6 rows of 6 meters with the distance between the rows of 20 cm (the planting area of each plot is 7.2 square meters) with a density of 400 grains per square meter were done. Data analysis and step-by-step regression were performed using SAS9.1 software and mean comparison was performed by LSD test at 5% probability level. If the interaction effect is significant, cutting (slicing) and comparison of means was done by Lsmeans test at 5% probability level. The results showed that barley cultivars under drought stress had higher thousand-grain weight, grain yield and biological yield and lower proline content than under salt stress. Drought stress at the end of the season compared to salinity stress during the growing season had higher thousand-grain weight, grain yield and biological yield and lower proline content. Foliar application of 0.5% zinc sulfate had higher grain yield (4763 kg/ha about 34%) and biological yield (4763 kg/ha about 26%) than without foliar application and is recommended. It should be noted that there was no difference in the amount of proline between cultivars in drought stress, but in salt stress, tolerant and semi-tolerant cultivars had more proline content than the stress-sensitive line. In drought stress, Armaghan (semi drought tolerant) and Goharan (drought tolerant) cultivars had more chlorophyll a in the application of zinc sulfate. It seems that the mechanism of increasing the tolerance and performance of Armaghan and Goharan cultivars under drought stress conditions is the increase in the amount of chlorophyll a due to the application of zinc sulfate. For this purpose, foliar spraying of suitable cultivars (Armaghan and Goharan) is recommended in drought stress conditions.Grain yield had positive correlation with traits of plant height (p = 0.01, r = 0.33), spike length (p = 0.05, r = 0.31), number of grain per spike (p = 0.01, r = 0.35), biological yield (p = 0.01,  r = 0.96), amount of chlorophyll a (p = 0.01, r = 0.44), amount of chlorophyll b (p = 0.05, r = 0.29) and zinc element (p = 0.01, r = 0.39), which is the highest correlation between grain yield and biological yield (r2 = 0.99). In terms of grain and biological yield, Armaghan and Goharan cultivars are recommended under drought stress and Armaghan and Mehr cultivars are recommended under salt stress with a concentration of 0.5% zinc sulfate. In salinity stress, the minimum and maximum grain yield and biological yield were obtained respectively in foliar spraying of 0.1 and 0.5% zinc sulfate in all genotypes. It seems that foliar application of 0.5% zinc sulfate is sufficient for all barley cultivars under salinity stress, and foliar application with a higher concentration of zinc sulfate is not recommended due to the decrease in grain and biological yield in this stress.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementary irrigation and foliar spraying with salicylic acid and humic acid on the biochemical properties of dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica) under Khorramabad climatic conditions at Visian Research Station. The experiment was conducted as a split-plot-factorial based on a randomized complete block design for two years of 2017- 2018 and 2018-2019 in Khorramabad city.Experimental treatments consisted of supplementary irrigation at four levels (including control, budding stage, flowering stage, and budding stage + flowering stage) as the main factor; foliar spraying with salicylic acid at three levels (including control, 0.5 mM, and 1 mM) as the first subfactor, and foliar spraying with humic acid at two levels (including control and 1 mM) as the second subfactor. In this study, different characteristics such as shoot nitrogen content, shoot phosphorus content, shoot potassium content, shoot copper content, shoot iron content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and chlorophyll total were evaluated. According to the results, various levels of supplementary irrigation and foliar spraying with humic acid and salicylic acid significantly affected the above characteristics. Mean comparison results revealed that the highest nitrogen content in the shoot (3.74%), shoot iron content (182.33 mg g-1), chlorophyll a (5.18 mg g-1 fresh weight), chlorophyll b (5.18 mg g-1 fresh weight) chlorophyll total (5.18 mg g-1 fresh weight) were recorded in the first year under treatment with supplementary irrigation at the budding stage and foliar spraying with salicylic acid (1 mM) and humic acid (1 mM).

In the sustainable agriculture system, the use of plant hormones has received more attention in recent years due to the potential for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and increasing the quantity and quality of the produced crops. To investigate the effects of cytokinin foliar application on the physiological and yield characteristics of cowpea cultivars, a split-plot experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in the two crop years of 2018 and 2019 in Dezful city. The main factors included Mashhad, local, and Arabic cultivars, and the secondary factor was foliar application of cytokinin hormone at 100 and 200 ppm. Hormonal foliar spraying was done at the beginning of the flowering stage. The results of combined variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between cultivars for all traits, except for the harvest index. The correlation between seed yield and protein percentage, hundred seed weight, and biological yield was positive and significant, with the highest correlation related to seed protein percentage (0.958). The highest seed yield (with an average of 2281 kg/ha) belonged to the Mashhad variety, and the lowest yield (with an average of 1386 kg/ha) belonged to the Arab variety. The highest and lowest seed yields were obtained from the use of 200 ppm of cytokinin hormone and the control treatment (with an average of 2319 and 1327 kg/ha, respectively). Increasing the use of cytokinin improved quality traits such as chlorophyll index and seed protein. In general, it was found that the selection of high-yielding Mashhad variety and foliar spraying of 200 ppm of cytokinin hormone, in addition to increasing yield, could improve quality traits in cowpea.

In order to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide pretreatment and copper foliar application on some physiological traits and quantitative yield of corn under water deficit stress, a Split split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications, plants were planted in during two years (2017-19) in Baghmalek. The main plot of the irrigation regime with 4 normal levels, stopping irrigation 40, 55 and 70 days after the appearance of tassels, the sub-plot of copper foliar spraying with two control levels and 0.30 kg net per hectare from the source of copper sulfate 50% 25 days after the emergence of tassel and sub-plot of seed treatment with hydrogen peroxide with 3 control levels, 30 and 60 mM. The results showed that the triple interaction of irrigation regime, copper foliar application and hydrogen peroxide on chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b, total carotenoid, catalase activity, plant height, number of seeds in a row and seed yield was significant at the probability level of 1%. The highest plant height and the number of seeds in the row were obtained from copper foliar spraying treatments and the application of 60 mM hydrogen peroxide under normal irrigation conditions. Also, the highest seed yield (9530.07 kg/ha) was obtained under normal irrigation conditions and copper foliar spraying and the application of 60 mM hydrogen peroxide, which showed an increase of about 42% compared to the cessation of irrigation 40 days after the emergence of tassels and the absence of copper foliar spraying and the absence of hydrogen peroxide application. The activity of catalase increased by 67% in the condition of stopping irrigation 40 days after the appearance of tassel and copper foliar application and application of 30 mM hydrogen peroxide compared to normal and control irrigation conditions. In general, the results of the experiment showed that copper foliar spraying and application of 60 mM hydrogen peroxide in suitable humidity conditions can increase chlorophyll content, grain yield and overall improvement of corn production.

Different compounds of naphthalene acetic / indole acetic acid and humic acid have an important role in plant growth and development; therefore, an experiment was conducted in Shahid Salemi farm in Ahvaz in 2017-18 and 2018-19. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block statistical design with split plot-factorial in three replications. Experimental treatments include two hybrids of corn SC 704 and AS71 in the main plot and factorial treatments of hormone mixing ratio in three levels of control (without mixing), mixing naphthalene acetic / indole acetic acid in the ratio of 100/200 and 200/400 mg/kg and humic acid at three levels of control (without use), 500 and 1000 g/ha were compared in subplots. The results show that the application of 500 and 1000 g/ha of humic acid had a significant effect on all studied traits. The lowest amount was obtained in the control treatment or no consumption of humic acid. There was no significant difference between the consumption of 500 and 1000 g/ha of humic acid in all studied traits except grain yield, harvest index, and catalase enzyme. The highest grain yield in SC704 hybrids was observed in mixing ratios of 7391 and 7291 kg/ha, respectively. Also, the grain yield in AS71 hybrid in the mixing ratio of 200/400 mg of naphthalene acetic/indole acetic acid was not significantly different. The lowest grain yield was observed in AS 71 hybrid in control treatment at 5945 kg/ha. According to the results of this study, the use of hormones and humic acid can positively affect increasing the yield and morphological traits of corn. Seed yield was increased by improving plant growth, which can be attributed to the effect and role of hormones and the use of humic acid.

The present two-year research (1397-1398) investigates the effect of Mycorrhizal inoculation. For this purpose, it takes the combined ratio of Auxin/Gibirlin and Ascorbic acid on the yield and yield components of corn, in the form of split factorial design in the form of randomized complete blocks in three replicates in  Shahid Salemi farm. It has been done north of Ahvaz city. The main factor of the treatments include Mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices species) at two levels (inoculation and non-inoculation) before planting and the secondary factor includes the ratio of Auxin hormone to gibberellin at three levels (0, 300/600, and 600/300) mg/liter and ascorbic acid at three levels (0, 100, and 200) mg/liter are applied as foliar spraying. The results show that Mycorrhiza has a significant effect on the dry weight of leaves, stems, and cobs, seed weight and yield, as well as biological traits, respectively, the highest seed yield amounting to (7410.72) kg is related to the treatment levels of Mycorrhizal inoculation, the ratio of Auxin to gibberellin is 600 mg to 300 mg and in 200 mg of ascorbic acid and the highest yield of stem dry weight (100 grams) . In the triple interaction of the experimental factors in the treatment levels, there has not been any Mycorrhiza inoculation. For not using the hormonal compound and using 100 mg of ascorbic acid, the highest seed yield in the row (45.46%) has been obtained in the ratio of Auxin to gibberellin of 600 mg to 300 mg and using 200 mg of ascorbic acid. According to the positive effect of the use of experimental factors, the use of Mycorrhiza and the mentioned hormones, and ascorbic acid are recommended.

In agronomic management of corn, in addition to providing suitable hybrid seeds, other factors such as plant hormones are also important. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of hybrid seed type and leaf application of gibberellin and kinetin hormones on growth, biochemical and yield indices of corn in Ahvaz. The basic design of randomized complete blocks was done as a split plot in two cropping years with four replications. Single-grain corn hybrids 704 (late ripening), 616 (medium ripening) and 71AS (medium ripening) were studied as the main factor and kinetin/gibberellin foliar application at three levels of 0, 150/200 and 300/400 ppm as the secondary factor. The results showed that the simple effect of hybrid type and kinetin/gibberellin foliar application on plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry weight, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, chlorophylls a, b and total and the percentage of grain protein was statistically significant. Also, the effect of kinetin/gibberellin foliar application × hybrids on plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry weight, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, chlorophylls a, b and total and hybrid interaction in kinetin/gibberellin foliar application had a statistically significant effect on leaf area index per year. The results showed that the highest values of the studied traits in both cropping years were obtained in single cross 704 maize and after kinetin/gibberellin foliar application at 150-200 ppm. The kinetin/gibberellin ratio of 150/200 ppm in all hybrids had a better effect on various morphological and biochemical traits. The highest biological yield, grain yield and harvest index, which are very important traits, were related to single-cross corn hybrid with hormone foliar application at the rate of 150/200 ppm. According to the obtained results, the use of single-cross corn hybrid of corn and foliar application of maize plants with gibberellin and quinine in the ratio of 150/200 ppm is recommended.

In order to evaluate the application of auxin hormone and weed management on the performance of physiological and chemical characteristics of potato cultivars, a split factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in two crop years 2016-2016 and 2016-2016 in Bardsir city of Kerman province. Done. The treatments include two potato varieties, Milva and Sante, foliar spraying of auxin hormone at three levels, no hormone consumption, 200 and 400 ppm and weed control, pre-emergence application of metribuzin herbicide with an amount of 750 grams per hectare, two-stage application Metribiozin, one stage of 500 g/ha pre-emergence and the second stage of 250 g/ha 10 to 15 days after potato sprouting, weed control through manual weeding, control without weed control. The results showed that increasing the consumption of auxin hormone significantly increased the diameter, dry weight and tuber performance. Weed control was achieved during the two-step application of Bozin herbicide with an increase ratio of 15 to 39% compared to the control without control. The highest yield of tubers was obtained under the two-stage application of Bozin herbicide and the application of 400 ppm of auxin hormone at the rate of 38055.33 kg per hectare, and the number of tubers in potato was obtained under the two-stage application of Bozin herbicide. The use of different amounts of IAA in this experiment led to an increase in the content of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus compared to not using it.

Drought stress is one of the most important factors that limiting the growth and yield of plants. In recent years the use of various methods to reduce its negative effects has been considered by many researchers. This experiment was performed as a split plot in the form of randomized complete blocks with four replications in two years. The effect of foliar application of different ratios of magnesium and potassium on the morphological, biochemical and functional characteristics of maize (single cross cultivar 704) in different irrigation cycles (50, 75 and 100 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) was evaluated. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of irrigation and magnesium to potassium ratio on the characteristics of height, stem diameter, ear length, number of seeds per ear, potassium uptake, magnesium uptake, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, Carotenoids, proline, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index had a statistically significant effect. The results of the study of the effect of potassium and magnesium on morphological and biochemical changes in drought tolerance in maize (Single Cross 704 cultivar) showed that consumption of these elements significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, ear length, number of seeds per ear, uptake rate Potassium, magnesium uptake, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index in water deficit conditions; So that the highest value of these traits in evapotranspiration conditions was 50 mm from the evapotranspiration pan and application of 200 kg of magnesium sulfate/ 300 kg of potassium sulfate. Also, foliar application of different concentrations of potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate by increasing the uptake of potassium and magnesium, preserving leaf chlorophyll, resulting in more effective photosynthesis as well as increasing the concentration of proline in plant leaves, moderate the negative effects of water deficiency and corn tolerance to conditions. Improve water shortage.

This experiment was conducted during 2016 as factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with 3 replications. The first factor consisted of three levels of naphthalene acetic acid (0, 200 and 400 ppm) and the second factor included three levels of salicylic acid (0, 2 and 4 mM). The results showed growth improvement process in physiological indicators spraying with 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid and 2 mM salicylic acid was higher, And the least effect on the physiological parameters of growth in the control (without the use of naphthalene acetic acid and salicylic acid). The difference between naphthalene acetic acid levels was significant in terms of plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight and grain yield at 1% probability level. The difference between salicylic acid levels was significant in all traits measured at 1% level. In the interaction, 1000-seed weight at the probability level of 5% and grain yield were significant at 1% probability level. the highest grain yield was observed in the interaction of naphthalene acetic acid and salicylic acid with 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid and 2 mM salicylic acid with 2666 kg ha-1 And the lowest in control treatment (without the use of naphthalene acetic acid and salicylic acid) with 874 kg ha-1. the maximum weight of 1000 seeds In the effect of 200 ppm naphthalenic acetic acid and 2 mM salicylic acid with a weight of 46.8 g and the lowest in the control with 35.4 g. according to these results, application of 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid and 2 mM salicylic acid increases the morpho-physiological traits and produced components and is also recommended in the region.

To evaluate the effect of different rates of biochar and humic acid applications on physiological characteristics and grain yield of single cross 704 hybrid corn under water deficit stress, a split split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, was conducted during two years (2017-19) at Ahvaz. The main plot devoted to water deficit stress, with three levels irrigation (after depleting 30, 40, and 50% of field capacity as optimum irrigation, moderate stress, and severe stress, respectively) and sub-plot to biochar with 2 levels, non-application of biochar (control) and application of 4 tons per hectare of biochar, and the sub-sub plots to humic acid with 4 levels non-application of humic acid (control), and application of 2, 4, and 6 liters per hectare of humic acid. The results showed that the interaction effect of water shortage by biochar stress and water shortage by humic acid stress on grain yield, 1000-grain weight, number of grains per ear, superoxide dismutase, chlorophyll index and catalase were significant at 1% probability level. Under severe stress conditions grain yield (36.54%), number of grain per ear (36%) and leaf area index (30.36%) decreased and activity of superoxide dismutase (37.7%) increased. Acidic acid had a significant effect on all traits under study. The highest grain yield (8995.18 kg.ha-1) was related to irrigation treatment after 40% depletion of field capacity and application of 4 tons per hectare of biochar. Based the results obtained application of 4 liters per hectare of humic acid under moderate moisture stress conditions, could be recommended in arid and semi-arid conditions to save water consumption and reduce the effects of water deficit stress.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) is one of the most important forage crops in the cereal family. Due to its adaptation to arid condition and high-water use efficiency, it may produce satisfactory seed yields in arid conditions. The present study was conducted in Khorramabad province during two crop years of 2016 - 2017. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split-factorial arrangement with four replications. The stress factor was assigned to main plots through three levels of irrigation, normal irrigation, and irrigation at vegetative and reproductive stages, and sub-factor to subplots, consisted of three levels of biofertilizer, soil NPK application, soil vermicompost application, and vermicompost and chemical fertilizer combining with Sepideh and Kimia cultivars. Initially, combined analysis of variance was performed. Due to the lack of significant year effect and its interaction effects by different factors, analysis of variances was performed on two years data. The effects of stress and the interaction effects of cultivar by stress and fertilizer on some traits were measured. It was found that the quantitative, qualitative and phonological indices of sorghum were directly negatively affected by stress at the reproductive stage. On the other hand, the effect of vermicompost fertilizer on the studied traits was significant and positive. Sepideh possessed the highest vahues for those traits except for protein percent, in comparison to Kimia. Grain yield was about 8 ton at irrigation-interrupt during vegetative stage for Sepideh and 4.36 t.ha-1 for Kimia, but grain yield at irrigation-interrupt during reproductive stage was 7.67 and 4.45 t.ha-1 for Sepideh and Kimia, respectively.

In order to investigate the effect of potassium nano chelate and ascorbic acid on acid yield and some qualitative characteristics of cowpea seed, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the Shahid Salemi Research Farm in Ahvaz. Factors included different amounts of potassium nano fertilizer at three levels (0, 2 and 4 liters per hectare), and levels of ascorbic acid (0, 15 and 30 mM). Results showed that there was significant difference at 1% probability level between potassium nano fertilizer and ascorbic acid in number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, protein percentage and potassium percentage. Among the measured traits, only interaction of potassium nano chelates and ascorbic acid on harvest index was significant at five percent. The highest harvest index was obtained with four liters per hectare potassium nano chelate and sprays application with 30 mM ascorbic acid with 39.68% and the lowest harvest index with 24.03% non-foliar treatment. The highest grain yield was obtained using 4 liters.ha-1 of potassium nano fertilizer and 30 mM ascorbic acid, respectively, with 3640 and 3183 kg.ha-1, and the lowest grain yield was obtained by control. The highest protein percentage was obtained by spraying with 4 liters.ha-1 of potassium nano fertilizer and 30 mM ascorbic acid, respectively, with 22.02 and 23.57 percent, respectively, and the lowest one was in control. In general, according to the results spraying with 4 liters.ha-1 of potassium nano fertilizer and 30 mM of ascorbic acid increases the quantitative and qualitative yields.

In order to determine the susceptible and tolerant lines of sunflower to drought stress, a completely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at Karaj seed Oil Research Institute. In this study, 12 different sunflower lines have been identified for the characteristics related to drought tolerance and were selected two susceptible and tolerant lines. Initially, sunflower lines were cultivated in two separate experiments under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Drought stress was carried out through stop irrigation in step 2 to 8 leaves formation. The studied traits included agronomic characteristics and drought stress indices of sunflower, such as Plant height, Stem diameter, Head diameter, Seed yield, Leaf Area Index, Relative Water Content, SSI and STI. The studied traits were significantly different in water stress, except stem diameter. After analyzing the tested factors and analyzing the data, the results were obtained by analyzing the percentage of variation of studied traits, calculating stress indices (drought tolerance indices, drought sensitivity) and dendrogram drawing from Cluster analysis of cultivars was identified. According to the results, in terms of water deficit stress, RGK26 and RGK41 produced the highest and the lowest seed yield per plant. Comparison of traits can identify BGK221 as susceptible line and RGK46 as tolerant line among 12 studied lines. Also, correlation between traits showed that drought tolerance index (STI) was positively correlated with almost all traits. In addition, grain yield was positively correlated with all traits except plant height.

Performance of any breeding program is mainly due to the correlation among yield and relative importance of each component. This study was conducted to analysis the correlation among grain yield and some important traits in seventhin spring canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars at the farm in safiabad, from 2014 to 2015. A randomized complete blocks design with four replications was used. The analysis of variance results indicated highly significant differences in canola genotypes for all studied traits, that it can indicate genetically variation be utilized for the effective selection for improving grain yield. Mean comparision showed that RGS003 and Hayola401 cultivars had higher grain yield than the other cultivars. The correlation coefficients among the grain yield and 1000-seed weight, number of seed per pod, HI and days to maturity were positive and significant. Results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that 1000-grain weight, number of pods per plant and days to maturity had significantly effects on grain yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the number of seed per pod and 1000-seed weight had the largest direct effects on grain yield, its seams possible to be use as selection criteria in breeding programs for improving grain yield of spring rapeseed cultivars.

This experiment was conducted in split split plots arrangement in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the field of Shahid Salemi Ahvaz in 2014. In this experiment the effect of three levels of irrigation after 60 (desirable), 100 and 140 millimeter evaporation from evaporation pan and three levels of pure nitrogen 120, 180 and 240 kilogram per hectare and two levels of the presence and absence of weeds were compared. Different levels of irrigation and nitrogen in main plots and sub plots, respectively; and weeds treatment in the sub sub plots were maintained. The results indicated that effect of different levels of irrigation on leaf area index, total dry matter, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and grain yield of maize was significant. The growth indices and grain yield were decreased with increasing duration of irrigation. The treatment of 140 millimeter evaporation from evaporation pan led to decrease the leaf area index and grain yield by the amount of 37.7 and 35.6 percent as compared to treatment of 60 millimeter evaporation from evaporation pan. Increasing nitrogen level from 120 to 240 kilogram per hectare significantly increased the leaf area index, total dry matter, crop growth rate and maize grain yield by 9.6, 9.7, 14.4 and 13.6 percent. Also, leaf area index, total dry matter, crop growth rate and grain yield in the conditions of presence of weed in comparison with the absence of weed significantly reduced. Results of present study showed that irrigation levels as compared to nitrogen and weed competition is more effective factor on growth indices and grain yield of maize. Therefore, in areas with limited water resources, increasing application of nitrogen is not necessary. It seems that irrigation levels through the impact on leaf area index, affect other the physiological indices and ultimately leads to a reduction on maize grain yield.

The present study intended to investigate the effect of different doses of Humic Magnesium Chelate and Gibberellin on cowpea’s growth trend and production components under field conditions in Shadegan in Summer 2014. To this end, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. The first factor included Humic Magnesium Chelate at three levels (0, 200 & 400 ml.h) and the second factor included Gibberellin at three levels (0, 150 & 300 ppm). Results of variance analysis showed that interaction between humic acid and gibberellic acid on number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed weight and biological yield was significant at %5 level, grain yield and harvest index was significant at %1 level. the highest grain yield was associated with the treatment of Humic Magnesium Chelate 200 ml.h and Gibberellin 150 ppm by 2.720 kg.ha; on the contrary, The lowest grain yield was observed in the control treatment by 1,950 kg.ha. Besides, the highest HI belonged to the treatment of Humic Magnesium Chelate 200 ml.h and Gibberellin 150 ppm by %40 while the lowest HI was related to the treatment of Humic Magnesium Chelate 400 ml.h and Gibberellin 300 ppm by %28. To conclude, the results of the current research showed that the effect of Gibberellin treatment was higher on different doses of measured traits than Humic Magnesium Chelate treatment; and the application of Humic Magnesium Chelate 200 ml.h and Gibberellin 150 ppm was more effective on grain yield, yield components in comparison to the consumption of the higher concentration doses.

In order to investigate the effect of plant density and Cycocel on quantitative characteristics and protein barley cultivar south the present experiment was conducted in a farm located in Hamidieh city in 2014-15. Experiment was conducted as a split plot in the form of statistical randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Plant density at three levels (300, 400 and500 plants per square meter) in the main plots and three concentrations of cycocel (zero, 1500 and 3000 ppm) in sub plots were compared. The results showed that the density treatment had a significant effect on yieldand grain yield components, biological yield, grain protein percent and the grain protein yield. The highest grain yield with an average of 500.73 grams per square meter of treatment 300 plants per square meter and the lowest with an average of 385.3 grams per square meter of treatment 500 plants per square meter was obtained, respectively. Also, the results showed that the use of cycocel significantly increased the number of spikesper square meter, grain yield, one-thousand grain weight and protein yield of grain compared to control. The highest grain yieldwith an average of 496l/3 gram per square meter of treatment 3000 ppm cycocel and the lowest with an average of 356/05 gram per square meter of the control treatment were obtained. In general it can be concluded, density of 300 plants per square meter as well as the use of3000 ppm cycocel had the greatest potential to achieve the maximum grain yield.

The present study intended to investigate the effect of different doses of Humic Magnesium Chelate and Gibberellin on cowpea’s growth trend and production components under field conditions in Shadegan in summer 2014. To this end, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. The first factor included Humic Magnesium Chelate at three levels (0, 200 & 400 ml.h) and the second factor included Gibberellin at three levels (0, 150 & 300 ppm). The results indicated that spraying the plants with Humic Magnesium Chelate 400 ml.h and Gibberellin 300 ppm increased leaf Area Index (LAI) and Total Dry Weight (TDW). Whereas, in terms of Crop Growth Rate (CGR), spraying with Humic Magnesium Chelate 200 ml.h and Gibberellin150 ppm increased Regular Growth Rate (RGR) and Net Assimilation Rate (NAR). According to the results of ANOVA, there was a significant difference between different levels of Humic Magnesium Chelate in grain yield %5 probabilities Level. The difference between the different levels of Gibberellin, grain yield was significant at the 1% level. As well as the interaction between hormones, grain yield was significant at the 1% level. Furthermore, the highest grain yield was associated with the treatment of Humic Magnesium Chelate 200 ml.h and Gibberellin 150 ppm by 2,720 kg.ha; on the contrary, the lowest grain yield was observed in the control treatment by 1.950 kg.ha. To conclude, the results of the current research showed that the effect of Gibberellin treatment was higher on different doses of measured traits than Humic Magnesium Chelate treatment; and the application of Humic Magnesium Chelate 200 ml.h and Gibberellin 150 ppm was more effective on grain yield, yield components and physiological indices in comparison to the consumption of the higher concentration doses.

In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and plant density on the extinction coefficient grain corn delayed, the trial was conducted in the summer of 1390 in the field of Shahid Shalemi in Ahwaz city, This experiment using a split plot design with three replications.Irrigation intervals (I) in three levels, including intervals of five (I1), eight (I2) and 10 (I3) on the main plots and plant density (P) on three levels: 6.7 (P3), 7.8 (P2) and 9.5 (P1) per square meter, or 67, 78 and 95 thousand plants per hectare were in sub plots. Evaluations consisted of leaf area index and light penetration into the canopy in order to calculate K (light depreciation coefficient), respectively. Results showed that irrigation on light extinction coefficient was significant at the one percent level, so that with increasing irrigation intervals, the coefficient is increased. The stress concentration factor and irrigation density and interactions were significant at the one percent level. The highest density of 65000 plants per hectare was obtained extinction coefficient in other words by reducing the leaf area index, light extinction coefficient increased.