عاطفه حیرت

Spiritual health means having a sense of acceptance, morality and a sense of positive mutual connection with a sovereign and superior holy power, others and oneself, which is achieved through a dynamic and harmonious process. Achieving a healthy and successful society is possible through ensuring the spiritual health of the family, which is the most fundamental structure of society. On this basis, this study was done to identify the underlying variables of spiritual health in Muslim couples.

This review study is a descriptive. To collect data, the keywords of spiritual health, spirituality, spouses and couples, and Islam were searched on Google Scholar, Normags, SID, and Magiran databases from 1980 to 2020. After reviewing 53 documentaries, the underlying variables of spiritual health in Islamic texts were extracted through conventional content analysis method. The authors of the article reported no conflict of interest.

Forty-seven extracted codes were classified into 6 subcategories (effective in spiritual, behavioral, emotional, cognitive, sexual relationships and family structure). In the present article, the underlying variables of spiritual health in the spiritual and behavioral relationships of couples were presented. The underlying variables of spiritual health in the spiritual relationships of couples include efforts in obedience to God, participation in acts of worship, having a purposeful life, and assistance in growth and prosperity. The underlying variables of spiritual health in the behavioral relationships of couples include flexibility and easy-goingness, pleasantness and good company, responsible behavior, secrecy and covering up faults, neatness, anger control, good conversation, spending time together, generosity and devotion to relatives.

The spiritual health of couples create purpose and meaning in life, flexibility, feeling of responsibility, violence management, sociability and openness, which leads to the this-worldly and afterlife growth of couples.

Islamic spiritual health is a state in which a person leads to divine, excellence, in the shadow of insight and reasoning, revelation and mission, by making proper optional behaviors in personal and social fields. The spiritual health of couples, founders of societies, affects their efficiency. Therefore, in this descriptive-library study, the antecedents of the spiritual health of Muslim couples are investigated.

To collect data, Google Scholar, Normags, Magiran, and SID databases were searched with the keywords of "spiritual health", "spirituality", "couples", and "spouses", and their English equivalents in 1980-2020. After reviewing 36 documents, the antecedents of the spiritual health of couples in Islamic texts were extracted by the conventional content analysis method.

The resulting 139 codes were classified into six subcategories (affecting family management, sexual, spiritual, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive relationships). In this article, the data related to the antecedents of spiritual health affecting the two subclasses of "emotional relations" and "cognitive" of couples were presented. The first subcategory includes seven items expressing love, forgiveness and apology, respect and appreciation, honesty, happiness, peace and relief, and observing the limits of emotional belonging. The second subcategory includes five items conflict resolution, mutual understanding and rapport, optimism and trust, contentment and expectation adjustment, fairness and justice.

Improving interpersonal communication skills and attitudinal-emotional characteristics by creating an emotional relationship; spending enough time to choose a partner and getting to know him/her, being frank in expressing expectations, and developing personality traits by creating a cognitive relationship has a positive effect on couples’ spiritual health.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties of the social presence questionnaire of students in a virtual way. The statistical population included all the students of Isfahan University in the academic year of 1400-1399 (16500). Based on the Cochran formula, a sample of 367 people was selected based on a multi-stage random method. The data collection tool included Yen and Tu's social presence questionnaire (2008). Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analysisThe reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale and its dimensions. The confirmatory validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the opinion of psychological experts. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the items of the social presence questionnaire had an appropriate and meaningful factor load, and the social presence consists of four factors of social context, privacy, interaction and online communication. The fit indices showed that the measurement model of the social presence questionnaire has a good fit. The social presence questionnaire by measuring the four dimensions of social context, privacy, interaction and online communication is a valid tool to determine the extent to which people have this empowering feature, and for this reason, it can easily be used by researchers and professionals in the field of psychology and social sciences.

Much research has been done on the existence of gender differences in different personality traits. This study tries to examine the gender difference in the dimensions of a healthy personality from the perspective of the Holy Quran. The statistical population of this study consists of citizens 15 years and older in Isfahan in 2021. A number of 399 people from different walks of life in Isfahan were selected as a sample by available methods. The research instrument was the Healthy Personality Questionnaire from the perspective of the Quran, Safra Ara &Hayrat (2021) and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Student t with independent groups). The results showed that the scores of emotional scale, behavioral scale and cognitive scale were significantly different between men and women and the mean scores of women were higher than men. Therefore, the components of a healthy personality from the perspective of the Qur'an have a significant relationship with gender (p <0.5). There are no components of healthy personality (p <0.5). Although the results of this study are in line with other studies based on gender differences in personality dimensions, but according to Quranic teachings, the path of excellence and ascension is the same for both sexes and the pattern of the Holy Quran For the perfection of human is not affected by gender.

Although cognitive psychology with more than seven decades of history corrects people's irrational beliefs and negative thoughts, few studies have combined this method with Islamic teachings. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive correction training based on Islamic knowledge on jealousy in adolescent girls .

Methods :

The present study is quasi - experimental with a pre - test, post - test control group design and the statistical population of the study included all adolescent girls aged 16 to 18 in secondary school in Isfahan in the academic year 2019 - 2020. The sample size was 30 participants, who were selected using available sampling method. Samples were random ly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control (n= 15) groups. The measuring instrument used in the study was Valizadeh and Azerbaijani’s Jealousy Questionnaire. The experimental group underwent eight one - hour sessions of interve ntion in cognitive - behavioral training with a focus on religious principles. The control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance). In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests .

The results showed that cognitive - behavioral training had an effect on jealousy in adolescent girls and its dimen sions on the post - test in the experimental group. The rate of this effect was 24.7% in jealousy and 21.3% in the dimensions of jealousy components, cognitive dimension of jealousy, 18.6% in emotional jealousy and 22.5% in behavioral jealousy. The significa nce value considered to be lower than 0.01 .

Considering that religious beliefs are considered as human values in Iran, cognitive - behavioral training based on religious teachings affects people's behavior and cognition; in this study it changed the level of jealousy in the students. Therefore, they can examine their irrational thoughts and emotions and change the destructive behaviors within themselves .

Spiritual health is a branch of health that can be considered as inclusive of all dimensions of health, so that by achieving spiritual perfection, other dimensions of health will be achieved. Spiritual health is a state of having and enjoying a sense of acceptance, connection to a superior power, and taking the path in line with the will of that power and integrity in the whole being, based on the path determined by the higher power (God). Therefore, in this research, we decided to reexamine and study the different effects of spiritual health on human health to provide the ground for further future studies.

This research is a descriptive library-based method. For collecting data the keywords of spiritual health, spirituality, spiritual health-human health, and spirituality-human health and their English equivalents were searched in the time range of 2010-2020 on the databases of Google Scholar, Noormagz, SID, Scopus, Pabomed and Megairan. In this period, more than 150 sources were reviewed. Data related to research questions, which mainly included correlational studies and those examining the effectiveness of various aspects of spiritual health on human health, were examined. The authors reported to conflict of interests.

After reviewing the selected documents, , it was found that most of the studies have been focused on the effect of spiritual health on general health, mental health, the course of the diseases, quality of life, and improvement of social functions and the relationship between them.

Analysis of the content of selected articles showed that spiritual can be stated that that the promotion of spiritual health in people spiritual health is effective in general health, improving the course of diseases, mental health, can be effective. There is a need to develop appropriate measures for assessing spiritual health based on different cultures and age groups and turn spiritual health into one of the widely used scientific fields.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interaction behavioral analysis on psychological distress and life expectancy of mothers with autistic children; The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test design, post-test with control and experimental groups. The statistical population of this study was all mothers with children with autism living in Isfahan in 2020, from which 30 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups; First, Kessler (2002) and Snyder (1991) psychological distress questionnaires were administered to both experimental and control groups. Then, the experimental group underwent 10 sessions of group therapy based on interaction analysis for each session of 60 minutes. The experiment was performed again on the experimental and control groups. Due to the prevalence of coronavirus, training was done virtually.After applying the independent variable in 10 sessions of 60 minutes on the experimental group, Both groups were re-evaluated with the same questionnaires. Findings were analyzed using SPSS software and analysis of covariance. The results showed that the analysis of interaction behavior was effective on the life expectancy of mothers with autistic children (p <0.05); But it had no effect on psychological disturbance (P> 0.05). According to the results of the present study, it is suggested to use the reciprocal relationship analysis method as a supportive and effective tool to increase the life expectancy of mothers with children with autism.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral education with a focus on religious principles on depression and anxiety in adolescent girls in the prevalence of coronavirus.

The research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population includes all adolescent girls aged 16 to 18 years of secondary school in the academic year 2020 in Isfahan. 30 people were selected as a sample by available sampling method and randomly in two experimental and control groups (15 people).  Were replaced. The measurement tools used in the study were Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Both groups completed these questionnaires as pre-test and post-test The experimental group underwent a 1-hour intervention in cognitive-behavioral training with a focus on religious principles. The control group did not receive any intervention. Due to the spread of the coronavirus, these trainings were virtual and online. The obtained data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics of analysis of covariance using SPSS software version 22.

Based on the results of anxiety and depression in adolescent girls in Isfahan, based on cognitive-behavioral education with a focus on religious principles has decreased in the days of the corona outbreak.

Findings showed that cognitive-behavioral education with a focus on religious principles had an effect on depression and anxiety in adolescent girls. The rate of this effect was 24.7% in depression and 30.4% in anxiety.

According to the Islamic Society of Iran, explaining the pattern of family life as recommended by Islam is necessary. Therefore this article shows the perceptions of experts on the religious pattern of female life in the family. The

The method using in this study is qualitative and field type (foundation data). For this purpose, semi-structured interviews with Islamic scholars in the field of family conducted. Therefore, the study sample consisted of 12 individuals up to the data saturation stage and the validity of this study was confirmed by four axes of real value, applicability, continuity and reality base. The

The findings of this study included five axial codes and forty-one open codes. The key coding of the study includes: 1- Definition, importance and necessity of life style 2- Dimensions of women's life pattern 3- Pathology of non-Islamic women's life pattern 4- Strategies for making religious pattern 5- Symptoms of religious pattern of female life in the family. Each has several subsets.

Since women's life style plays a role in the life style of family members and even society, addressing this issue is a necessity for women and family research. In this study, experts' views on defining life style and explaining its importance and weaknesses of the current pattern of women's life in society and its distance to the religious pattern were investigated and solutions were presented to enhance the religious pattern of women's life.

Several studies have investigated the effect of communication and schema therapy on couple's fear of intimacy. But there is a research gap on the effectiveness of integrated communication skills training and schema therapy on women's fear of intimacy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of integrated communication skills and schema therapy on fear of intimacy in women referred to Isfahan clinics.

This study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population was all women referred to counseling clinics in Isfahan in winter of 2018. Thirty subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (n= 15). Research tools are: Dekatner & Telen (1991) Intimacy Fear Questionnaire (FIS) and Taheri Integrated Skills Therapy and Schema Therapy Sessions Taheri (2015). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Communication Skills and Schema Therapy training had an effect on fear of intimacy in Isfahan clinics (p< 0/05).

Fear of intimacy of women referred to Isfahan clinics based on communication skills and schema therapy was improved.

The Description of lifestyle based on Islamic beliefs is one of the most important needs of Islamic society. Therefore this research has been conducted to investigate the validation the Islamic lifestyle questionnaire for couples (ILSQ). The method of this research is based on combination type and consists of two stages. The first stage is qualitative method for making essential tools. For this purpose, in addition to interview with experts in the field of family sciences and Islamic sciences; extensive library studies was performed and theoretical model of Islamic lifestyle for couples was developed and the questionnaire was made. In the second stage of this research, validity and reliability of this tool was examined by a connotative method. So 150 student’s parents of Isfahan university students was selected by cluster sampling, And they complete the researcher build questionnaire (ILSQ) and short form of spanier couple adjustment questionnaire. The data analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical method in SPSS and Amos software.The findings showed that lifestyle questionnaire contains 84 questions and eight dimensions: structural, spiritual, behavioral, emotional, cognitive, sexual, relationships with families and healthcare. Calculating the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, was shown that the (ILSQ)has high reliability and validity. Thus, it can be used in researches and evaluations. Keywords Lifestyle; Couple; Questionnaire; Reliability; Validity

Marital adjustment is regarded as one of the important factors in family studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between marital adjustment and Islamic lifestyle. 150 students'' parents of Isfahan University were selected by cluster sampling who filled out the Islamic lifestyle questionnaire (ILSQ) and short form of Spanier''s couple adjustment questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical method (correlation، regression، t-test and structural equation). The results of structural equation modeling showed that the Islamic lifestyle has a significant impact on marital adjustment. Also the results of the regression model indicated that structural and behavioral aspects of Islamic lifestyle can significantly predict the marital adjustment. In addition، there was a significant positive correlation between Islamic lifestyle aspects and marital adjustment. Therefore couples'' marital adjustment will improve in the case of practicing Islamic commandments in their lifestyle.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Islamic-oriented couple therapy on marital optimism.It was a quasi-experiment design with pre and post-test and control groups. The population was the couples referred to counseling center in Isfahan Jameatol-Quran. The sample of this study included 30 couples (60 persons) who had been chosen from those who were available and volunteers. They were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Couples in the experimental group received Islamic-oriented couple therapy. Both groups took the post test. The results of analyses of covariance showed that Islamic-oriented couple therapy significantly affected marital optimism and its subscales (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between men and women’s marital optimism. The interaction between therapy and gender was not significant.