عاطفه زرسازان

The Holy Quran is a book the audience of which are the people of all times. Behind this eternity are the concepts of Implementation and adaptation. By means of these concepts, the active role of Quran throughout the history becomes evident. Therefore, the use of these concepts in comparative narrative exegesis of Quran have been in great use since a long time ago. However, sometimes for each holy verse, there may be several narrations. Meanwhile, due to Non original narrations and anecdotes which have been put among the original ones, the researchers have experienced difficulty identifying them. One such example is verse number 58 of Surah Nisa which has multiple interpretations; four of them are based on Sunni resources while one is based on Shia resources. This study was done with the purpose of highlighting the fact that this verse was said about those responsible for reigning over Muslims and their self-esteem along with what is best for them both in this world and hereafter. This verse is believed to be directed at Imams, saying that they are supposed to pass the requirements for being an Imam to their successors. The other narrations regarding this verse are not as authentic due to some problems in their documents. Despite what was just said this does not mean that they should be put aside.

The indicators of the secular approach to spiritual health are important issues and challenges that can affect the perception of the concept and how spiritual health affects the individual and social life of a person. secular approaches to spiritual health focus on human experiences and needs related to the meaning of life, values, ethics, and connection to self, others, and the world. religious approaches that emphasize religious teachings and beliefs, secular approaches offer a wide range of perspectives and methods to promote spiritual health. In this article, by examining different approaches to spiritual health, while presenting different definitions of this concept from the past to the present, we have examined and analyzed the indicators of the secular approach to spiritual health in three parts: cognitive, secular oriented behaviors, and secular spiritual peace. We have come to the conclusion that due to the serious popularization of the concept of spiritual health based on popular understanding and a secular approach (worldly, personal and not relying on institutional religions) in most cases, the definition of spirituality and its follower, spiritual health, in addition to the fact that it has different foundations; The direction of the functions and their consequences are also not acceptable or may not be acceptable. In this approach, self-centeredness and human-centeredness is the principle and God has no place among their teachings. The goal of these movements is individual transformation and all the efforts of mystics of the new age are aimed at creating a spiritual journey in human existence.

Ignorance of the narrators is one of the disadvantages of the hadiths. Some scholars have considered the unknownness of the narrator as a problem and have rejected hadiths because of this problem. In this regard, the Algerian muhaddith is one of the scholars of the Safavid era with a moderate akhbar profession, who tried to fix this problem with many methods and discovered ignorance from the narrators as far as he could. The present research is trying to investigate the methods used by Seyed Jazayeri to discover the personality of unknown narrators in order to determine what methods this scholar used for identification. Getting to know the methods of discovering the personality of unknown narrators will make many narrators to be identified and authenticated, and as a result, many narrations will be returned to the cycle of authenticity. Among the methods of Nematollah Jazayeriin discovering the ignorance of the narrators, we can include "Using the opinions of the later scholars"; "Relying on the corrections of Allameh Halli"; He pointed out "Being on the way of Sheikhin and ruling on its authenticity" and "The number of narrations by the owners of Arbaah books from an unknown person"..

The word "dissenters" appears 4 times in the Qur'an; Once in Surah Tawbah and three times in Surah Fath. In the present study, by extracting the companions of the "dissenters" in the chapters of "Repentance" and "Conquest" with the words "Farah", "Qaud", "Kerahat", " Ghawl", "Istizan" and "Arabs" Substitution with "Mu'azrun" and confrontation with "Mu'minun", it became clear that the "dissenters" are those who are placed in jihad in the way of God, who rebel against the command of God due to hypocrisy, weakness of faith or ignorance. Repentance, they are happy to be placed in jihad and they hate jihad with the Messenger of God, they are stingy in their property and forbid people from jihad, and in return they deserve the burning of hell. However, the dissenters in Surah Fath are misguided people who, under false pretenses and apologizing for accompanying the Prophet in jihad, try to change the divine rule. After punishing them, God invites them to participate in a more severe jihad, giving them another chance

The Holy Qur'an is the miracle of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH), in which challenges (tahaddῑ) to it are mentioned in several verses; however, thinkers have had differences in the qualitative and quantitative aspects of this challenge. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this research, which was written in response to the question of wisdom in the difference in the content of Tahaddῑ verses, after quoting and analyzing the existing concepts, by re-reading the verses of the challenge and emphasizing the context, which is one of the most well-known means of understanding the meanings of the Qur'an, proves that challenges are as follows: in Surah Al-'Isrᾱ' the challenge has not been done while a challenge in Surah Yunus with one Surah in terms of explaining the summaries of other holy books, a challenge in Surah Hud repeating the news of the past in different styles and chapters without differences, a challenge in Surah Toor in the way of repeating the contents which not only does not cause boredom but also cause simultaneous in the hearts to tremble and the hearts of the believers to calm down, and a challenge in Surah Al-Baqarah with a surah whose contents are mutually supportive and without any contradictions, even though it was revealed gradually, also from an 'Ummῑ person (as a person who did not go to school), and finally, the challenge in Surah Al-Qasas with a book containing beliefs, rules and morals that guides people in this world and the hereafter.

The word proverb and the plural of proverbs have been used 75 and 7 times in the Holy Quran, respectively, which is more in the sense of similarity. In the present study, which has been written in an analytical-descriptive method, an attempt has been made to analyze the meaning of the proverb using its accompanying words as well as speech action. One of the prominent cases of using the word proverb in the Holy Quran is its use in the verses of Tahadi, verse 275 of Ba qara (Enma al-Bay'ah like Al-Rabwa), verse 12 of Surah Talaq and verse 194 of Baqara. In the Holy Qur'an, the word "proverb" is mentioned in nominal proximity to words such as "sale", "usury" and "retribution", and in the present proximity to the verb "ati", "yatun", "fatwa basura" and "filiatwa hadith". According to Austin's theory of speech action and Searle's five classifications, speech action includes persuasive, obligatory, declarative, declarative, and emotional actions, both direct and indirect, as well as simple and complex. According to the research findings, in verse 194 of Surah Al-Baqarah, there is an example of companionship and proximity to retribution, which is a sign of similarity in duties and responsibilities. , Expresses similarity in numerical form, which is accompanied by expressive verbal action accompanied by praise and explanation. The verses of defiance define general similarity and similarity, that is, similarity in all aspects, which includes warning, rebuke, and explanation, and in a way, an obligatory-declarative action. Explains a type of emotional-persuasive action that is similar in commonalities.

In the Holy Quran, each word has a specific meaning. no two words are perfect synonyms; Therefore, accurate knowledge of words and discovering their semantic differences is considered an interpretive necessity. The present study has been compiled on the correct understanding and exact meaning of words related to the concept of "suffering" in the Holy Quran.The words “anat, nasb, kadh, kabad" are among the important words that play a role in describing the semantic domain of "suffering" in the Quranic worldview.This study, by analyzing the meaning of words through the semantic relationships of their companions, first became a semantic domain and finally became their semantic component."anat" is suffering from sin. The result is harmful to the soul, the place of its occurrence is the world. the result is destruction and misguidance, while "nasb" is harmful to the body, which may afflict man both in this world and in the Hereafter. "kadh" is also a suffering with a positive meaning, related to the physical and mental dimension of man, the place of which is both in this world and in purgatory. it is the suffering that man endures in order to achieve his true dignity. "kabad" refers to the conditions of human creation in this world, includes both physical and mental suffering. If we have "faith" and "patience" along with this "suffering" causes human growth and excellence, otherwise this suffering will cause negative consequences and lead to human destruction.

Allameh Mohammad Mahdi Asefi, one of the Shia clerics, and Seyyed Qutb, a Sunni thinker, are among the scholars who, having a maximum view of religion and Islamic teachings, consider religion to be useful for all the individual, social and political spheres of man, and believe that in order to solve the problems of humanity, one should turn to true Islam. The most important issue for returning to true Islam is sovereignty, which is the issue of the present article. From the point of view of these two scholars, the rule of Islam is based on the divinity of God and the servitude of servants, and it means ruling based on the laws of Islam and Sharia. The following article expresses the views of these two scholars in the field of governance with a descriptive analytical method and a comparative approach. The findings of the research show that the two scholars think similarly in the fields of the divine sovereignty and its realization, the general outlines of the government, the unity of authority and the government, though there are some differences in issues such as the authority, legitimacy and governor`s conditions.

In theology, originality and deviation of holy scripts has engaged minds and dialogs of the researchers of this field for centuries. Wholeness and originality of a holy book has an imperative part for validity of the religion and its acceptance by the followers. Although, according to the Quran and Hadith, the preceding religions are explicitly titled expired and following them is prohibited, nevertheless, discussion and proofing of the script deviations can influence the current followers of the religions, as well as the Muslims who do not believe in expiration of the religions, to accept or deny following the religion. With investigations into the Quran, Hadiths of the Fourteen Infallibles, and opinions of Shia and Sunni Interpreters, it is concluded that the scripts known today as Old and New Testament or Bible, has been subjected to various verbal and semantic distortions. Additionally, the argument is supported by rationality and reasoning based on document and content validity criticism, such as document cohesion and coherence analysis, validity of the scriptures and number of document versions; as well as comparison of the versions and their consistency or inconsistency, contrast and contradiction in a single version, courteousness towards God and the Prophets, irrationality of many sentences and... .

The issue of appropriateness between verses and surahs of the Qur'an has long been considered by commentators, and has been referred to the purpose of the surah. That is, each surah has a single comprehensiveness that plays a role in the coherence and coherence of the verses. In order to achieve the main purpose of the surah, various methods have been proposed, so the present study intends, , by analyzing high-frequency words through accompaniment and examining the context that are intra-textual elements. Use descriptive-analytical method to discover the purpose of Surah Al-Fath,. By specifying the most frequent words of the surah, which include "Allah, Fath, Sakina and Mokhallafoon" and examining their companions and other mentioned elements, it became clear that the purpose of the surah is that peace is not like the target war for Muslims, but the means It is a way to achieve the ideals of the school, which are determined by the spatial and temporal conditions. In this victory, heartfelt belief in God and divine affirmations, obedience to God and His Messenger play a key role, in other words, the purpose of Surah Giving key strategies for the promotion of Islam is centered on peace.

There are hadiths in narration books that refer to three seven-year stages for raising children. Also in the Holy Quran and hadiths, there are recommendations and tips on how to raise children. Through analyzing, combining and adapting the steps with educational recommendations and paying attention to the gender of girls and boys, which makes the difference between the personality traits and the duties of the girl and the boy, can reach the stages of upbringing children in quran and hadith. In the Old Testament and Talmud, there are also educational recommendations for children that can be considered three stages before birth to first six years, six to thirteen years, thirteen to eighteen years and youth. From the comparison between the stages of raising children in Islam and Judaism, it is concluded that although the points of the stages of raising children are common in some cases, but the stages in Islam are expressed in detail and paying attention to the age and new cases are considered due to higher human perception capacity in Islam time. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is library, and it is with studing verses, interpretations, examining the family of hadiths and other narrations, The Old Testament, Talmud and other books.

“Precedence of honor " is a good tiding from God that has a completely different structure from the other good news and is mentioned only in the end verse of Surah Yunus. The commentators have expressed many different views and in some cases different from each other; Votes such as good reward, good record, status, velayah, intercession and…. They have never reached a single statement about this phrase, while most of them have confused the literal meaning with its interpretation. Now the main question is which one is closer to the God's purpose? The present research, with documentary, historical method and with the help of descriptive-analytical method, has categorized the opinions of commentators. Then, while analyzing and evaluating the views, it has explained the correct opinions with the help of documents in two separate sections of context and the narrative section. And in the end, by stating the rational and narrative reasons, it has expressed the chosen view. The most important finding is that among the opinions expressed, the two words “velayah and intercession are fully consistent with the context of the verses and hadiths. Both are attached to each other and have no meaning without each other.

The book Al-Sufour wa Al-Hijab was published in 1928 by Nazira Zeineddine, a modernist Arab woman and a Druze of Shia in Lebanon. This book's emphasis on religious and Qur'anic discussions has distinguished it from some similar works of that period and has made this work an independent research. Zeineddine's main concern in this book is to improve the social status of Muslim women and to change the status of the veil. She considers covering the face to be a hindrance to women and an obstacle to the advancement of Islamic societies, and by examining verses and hadiths related to the veil as well as by rational reasoning, it is not Shari'a law to cover the face in the conventional way. In this study, her intellectual and religious rationales about the extent of women's coverage are described and analyzed. Through the analysis of this book, one can clearly understand the importance of the requirements of time and place for achieving different results, and a deeper understanding of the scientific disputes of recent years in Iran and other Islamic societies over the issue of hijab.

"Ḍarr" is a key and frequent word in the verses of the Holy Quran, which plays an important role in illustating the semantic field of “suffering and hardship” in the Quranic worldview. The present study investigates the concept of “ḍarr” from Quranic perspective using semantic methods since semantics with an analytical and accurate perspective is a useful way to achieve the true meaning of words. By examining the word " ḍarr" with a concurrent approach, It is found that the word " ḍarr" in a verbal paradigmatic axis with verbs "reach and descover" is in the same semantic field and in a nominal paradigmatic axis is with the concept of "hardness " and “benefit, blessing, mercy, and Happiness” and in a syntagmatic axis is in the same semantic field with the words "evil and torment and shakiness”. Hence, the word " ḍarr" means “mundane loss” so it's an “individual harm”. It is also a divine tradition that controls the existence of humans. It falls on the human being like a veil and covers the face of health, comfort and, tranquility. This kind of " ḍarr" is so great that one despairs others and trusts only in God. It is also a tool for “punishment, trial, growth” and “attaining a high position”.  Therefore, " ḍarr" does not necessarily have a negative connotation and may have positive results and effects, despite its unpleasant appearance.

The semantic look at the text and semantic analysis of the terms of the text happens from achieving semantic points and realizing the main purpose of the speaker. This kind of view is particularly important in the Quran because of its role in the provision of eternal human happiness .The word "Fath " has been made 12 times in the whole of the Quran which is the most frequent repetition in the "Fath" sure .This study uses the semantics method to extract companion and alternative concepts and to explain the meaning of "Fath" in this sure. By examining the word "Fath", it became clear with the synchronization approach "Fath" on the axis of companionship with a supplementary relation with Obvious, Close, Ordain and Reward and on the axis of steady companionship with the concepts of Forgiveness, Guidance, Completion, Aid, Calm and Booty And on the succession with the word Sultan is in a semantic domain. Hence, "Fath" is a victory with power, dominance and ability without war and bloodshed that God gives them because of the help of the religion and patience of the believers. And results such as covering the sins and eliminating their effects, the harmony and peace of the hearts, will help and great divine achievements, both material and spiritual.

In modern Islamic civilization, attention to growth and development is central because development in the evolution of man and society is in various historical periods approved by the Quran and its functions in various dimensions have led to the transformation of nations. Thus, the foundations and attributes of two concepts that can be studied in the Quran Whose review in this age is necessary due to the growing development of communities and the discovery of the boundaries of the school of Islam for this purpose, the present research is descriptive-analytic on the basis of God’s principle, the negation of oppression and oppression, having purpose and prospect, knowledge and knowledge, effort and effort to avoid lavish emphasis and features such as creating power and excellence, expanding justice, poverty alleviation, building construction and development, and job creation.

The Soul is the key word in the field of anthropology hence, it has been a long-standing interest in verbal, mystical, interpretive and narrative schools. This research uses the semantic method to explain the concept of The Soul and extract its semantic components from the Holy Qur’an. Because semantics, for the sake of analytical and precise look at the text, is a useful method of achieving the true meaning of the word. By examining the word "Soul" with the concurrency approach, it became clear that the Soul was on the adjective axis with the concepts of a single Soul, Soul in (complete) rest and satisfaction, the reproachful soul and the evil soul, and based on the companionship of verbal with verbs of oppression, gain, duty, death and punishment, and replaced based on the substitution with the words of the person, the heart and the hand in a semantic range. Therefore, the soul of the human is a superior fact/ truth, and it has intelligence, understanding, perception, discretion and choice, and recognition power, and its relation to the body is a planned thought. This fact/ truth will not be destroyed by death, and in addition to this world in the hereafter, God will speak with him.

Study and analysis of the of literary element’s quality of Noah (A.S.) story which is detailed in the seven chapters of Qur'an, and also a whole chapter is entirely devoted to this subject, could reveal some parts of artistic and rhetoric miraculous effects of the Qur’an. Therefore, in this research, descriptive-analytical method is used to study the literary element of Noah (A.S.) story and illustrates its elegant literary structure. The results show that the basis of the story is composed of conflicts and different solutions, in such a way that each incident is a basis for other incidents, therefore events follow a logical process. The main character is static, and sub-characters are often dynamic. The dialogue element among the characters is set to represent the spirit and manner of the characters. Because the point of view is the Omniscient and the Creator of the universe, the story has the moral and educational themes that were introduced to the reader during the events.

The purpose of the research was to show the components of the model and method Examining the properties and pests of this method in Razavi. The research method was descriptive-analytic with deductive approach. In Razavi, we see this method of education in different ways As Imam Reza (AS) once presented the pattern of himself or from others who have had an external fulfillment in the past and their way of life in the community has a special sparkle he tries to make desirable behaviors and attributes in practical terms, He introduces a meter, another time, consider the optimal patterns and by specifying the characteristics introducing them that are not visible to the audience to achieve this, and Imam (AS) time in the form of expressing the traits and signs of negative patterns he attempts to withdraw the community from those patterns. Thus descriptive written after the components were divided into three categories: presentation pattern, process pattern and removing the pattern, factors such as vision, access to religious patterns, providing a model appropriate to the audience and consequently pests such as the pattern of blind, examples of wrong, incomplete patterns and patterns full of advantage of the mismatch between speech and behavior will explain.

Deliberation on the revealed verses suggests that the status of moderation and the applicability of its ordinance to the human Divine nature and the creation order is pivotal in religious societies, because deviation from moderation is directly related to different deviations in epistemic beliefs and paves the ground for it. Adopting the descriptive-analytical method, the present paper has dealt with the status of moderation in religious society by bringing up the indexes, objective symbols, the modifications that Islam has brought into Paganism, and the outcomes of abandoning moderation. It is aimed at explaining thereby such indexes as right-centeredness, rationalism, and avoidance of violence and enumerating such instances as causing evil and corruption, disagreement and disunity, distortion of religion, disbelief and misguidance, and entanglement in the worldly and other-worldly torments that are caused by abandoning moderation.

In the development of the religious community lifestyle and attention to education and training is central to religious concepts because divine revelations teaching and learning as a tool for better, stay better and finally reach happiness. According to Shiite belief, the Imams (AS) has a special status in their interpretation of the Divine teachings, this search in answering questions the most important methods of teaching and religious concepts in Razavi conduct, to introduce two elements. Direct factors that have placed students with an intent to learn, techniques such as questions and answers, debate, controversy, sermons and preaching And indirect components of the teacher without being directly addressed the students, This training is done indirectly gives, such as displays, for example, stories and compare; The use of Imam Reza (AS) of this method fits naturally with the morale and conditions of time and space. These methods can be a model for preparing teachers how to teach education among religions is divine teachings.

The article “intercession” compiled by American orientalist lady Valerie J. Hoffman by introducing Quran, Muslim sahih and orientalist’s opinions. This article was published in the laiden encyclopedia of the Quran which is among the best references about the Quran.this paper has tried to criticize and evaluate the mentioned entry with aiming to make clear the thought atmosphere of non-Muslim scholars by examining the writings of orientalists specifically in religious teachings especially in the quranic subject. Mention opinions based on some Sunnite’s mental foundation and some tradition in their books that opposed Quranic expresses and certain traditions so this article is criticized.
This study in addition to mentioning the content of the mentioned article criticizes the opinions of Hoffman about the intercession by referring to authoritative Islamic sources. At first we show parts of article briefly then maintain incorrect instance and criticize it by introducing important sources that writer doesn’t use.

Al-Bahrani, the author of Awalim al-Ulumwa al-Maarifwa al-Ahwal men al-Ayatwa al-Akhbarwa al-Agwal, is one of Shiite hadithscholars and was a contemporaryof AllamehMajlisi. This book is a supplementary to Beharal-Anvarand is huge hadith collection including one hundred volumes. The 22ndvolume of this book deals with the biography of Imam Reza (a.s.). Following a discussion on the general style and the advantages of this book, the current paper seeks to discuss al-Bahrani’sapproach in explaining hadiths and finally it examines narrations related to the original hadiths. The findings of this research work reveals thatthe hadithshave been presented along with sound proofs and chain of transmitters. To make the narrations related to the verses of the Quran more understandable, al-Bahranihas utilized vocabulary descriptions, allusions and, in some cases, historical and literary quotes.