عالیه گراوند

Being informed about cancer is worrying for anyone and causes changes in the health and quality of life (QoL) of the affected person. Improving the quality of life in patients with chronic diseases such as cancer has been one of the important points, especially in the last two decades. Spiritual therapy is a valuable care to improve the quality of life and mental health of cancer patients. However, there are still differences regarding the effect of different types of spirituality- and religion-based treatments on the results of studies. This study aimed to systematically review the results of studies related to the effect of spiritual/religious interventions on improving the mental health and QoL of patients with cancer in Iran.

This study was conducted by systematic review and meta-analysis methods. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, and SID from 2001 to September 2023. Characteristics of the included interventions and data for meta-analysis were extracted. The quality of the included study was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The standardized mean difference effect was calculated using a random effects model with 95% confidence. Data was analyzed using RewMan-5 software.

In the first phase of the search, 713 articles were identified. Nineteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Spiritual and religious interventions were compared with a usual care control group or other psychosocial interventions. Compared to the control group, the standardized mean difference in the post-test for the effect of spiritual and religious interventions on mental health (SMD = 1.60, 95% CI = [2.67, 0.54]) and QoL (SMD = 1.93, 95% CI = [1.03, 2.83]) was obtained. The percentage of heterogeneity between the results of studies in mental health (95%) and QoL (93%) was high.

The meta-analysis results indicate that spiritual-religious interventions have a significant positive impact on the mental health and QoL of patients with cancer. Oncology nurses, psychologists, counselors and assistants increasingly recognize the significance of the spiritual domain of care. The current study indicates that facilitating awareness and spiritual needs may be a valuable intervention for cancer patients. Thus, the use of spiritual and religious-based interventions is suggested as a good way to improve spiritual and mental health in patients with cancer.

The present study was conducted to comparing the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the social self-efficacy of single-parent boys in Bojnord city. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with a control group, and the statistical population was all single-parent male students of the first secondary school in Bojnord city in the academic year of 2023-2024, of which 45 were selected by purposive sampling. 200 single parent students were selected. The research tool was the Smith and Betz Social Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SES). The experimental groups underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes separately under cognitive behavioral therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment, and the control group did not receive any intervention. All three groups completed the post-test again. And after one month, a follow-up period was also conducted. The data were analyzed with the analysis of variance of repeated measurements and the Bonferroni post hoc test and the results indicated the positive effectiveness of both cognitive behavioral therapy methods and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on social self-efficacy (P<0.001). Also, the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment both in the post-test and in the follow-up period was more than cognitive behavioral therapy (P<0.05). Based on this, these two methods can be used to increase the social capabilities of single-parent boys and, while increasing social self-efficacy, prevent the occurrence of behavioral problems and social harms that threaten them.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of matrix therapy on reducing the temptation of stimulant drug users under treatment. In this research, a semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design was used with a control group, and the statistical population consisted of 70 male stimulant drug users who referred to the addiction treatment centers of Mashhad in the first six months of 2022. 30 of them were selected by the available sampling method and based on the research entry criteria, and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups of 15 people. The tools used in this research were Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire (2003) and Salehi Federdi et al.'s drug temptation questionnaire (2007). The experimental group received matrix therapy for 24 sessions of 120 minutes, two sessions a week, and the control group did not receive training, and data analysis was done using the covariance analysis method based on SPSS 25 software. The findings showed that matrix treatment can create a significant difference in the mean scores of resilience and the temptation to use of patients and lead to an increase in resilience and a decrease in the temptation to use of the experimental group in the post-test (P<0.001). The result of this research shows that the matrix therapy has a good practical ability to increase resilience and reduce the temptation to use stimulants and can be used as a beneficial treatment option by psychologists