عباس عبدالهی

Marital instability has emerged as a significant contributor to the erosion of family foundations over the past three decades, often culminating in divorce. Understanding the factors associated with this issue is therefore critical. This study aimed to explore the moderating role of communication patterns in the relationship between romantic perfectionism and marital instability. 

This correlational study employed structural equation modeling. The research population consisted of all married men and women in Gotvand County, Khuzestan Province, in 1401 (Iranian calendar year). A sample of 203 participants (129 women and 74 men) was selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Christensen and Sullaway Communication Pattern Questionnaire (1991), the Edwards Marital Instability Questionnaire (1987), and the Matte and LaFontaine Romantic Perfectionism Questionnaire (2012). The data were analyzed at descriptive and inferential levels through structural equation modeling, path analysis, and multigroup analysis, utilizing SPSS-26 and SMART PLS software. 

The results revealed that the communication patterns of mutual avoidance (β=0.145, p<0.001) and expectation/withdrawal (β=0.658, p<0.001), along with other-oriented romantic perfectionism, exhibited a significant positive relationship with marital instability. Conversely, the mutual constructive communication pattern (β=-0.345, p<0.001) and self-oriented romantic perfectionism showed a significant negative relationship with marital instability. Additionally, communication patterns were found to moderate the relationship between romantic perfectionism and marital instability. 

Overall, the findings suggest that communication patterns and romantic perfectionism are key factors influencing marital instability. Consequently, it is recommended that counselors and family psychologists offer targeted training to couples to address these dynamics effectively.

Different essential oils (EOs) with antibacterial activities are promising natural sources for providing novel disinfectant agents for hospital surfaces.

The component and antibacterial effects of six EOs, including Cuminum cyminum (CCEO), Artemisia sieberi (ASEO), Laurus nobilis (LNEO), Ferula gummosa (FGEO), Lippia citriodora (LCEO), and Cymbopogon citratus (CIEO) were assessed by GC-MS and 96-well micro-plates (IC50), against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Then, the antibacterial effects of FGEO, the most effective EO, were evaluated on the trolley surface in a hospital for 1, 3, 5 and 10 min intervals.

While CCEO, ASEO, and FGEO have the highest effects on the growth of S. aureus, CIEO and LNEO showed the best outcomes on P. aeruginosa. In addition, our finding showed that FGEO relatively decreases the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on the trolley surface (P<0.05).

The studied EOs could be novel encouraging agents to develop further green antimicrobial agents against different infections. In addition, FGEO, one of the best disinfectant agents in the present study, showed relatively strong antibacterial effects on the surface of the trolley.

The present study was undertaken to design a parent-adolescent psychological intervention to reduce loneliness based on the components of loneliness of teenage girls and the evolutionary theory of loneliness of Cacioppo as well as conducting a case study on loneliness and parent-child interaction. The research had a single-subject design (AB multiple baseline design). The statistical population of the study was comprised of adolescent girls aged 16 to 18 along with their parents who were selected through purposive and voluntary sampling methods from two schools. The sample included two students along with their parents. The UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to measure loneliness and the Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (PACHIQ) was utilized to measure parent-child interaction. Based on the results, a psychological intervention consisting of 11 sessions was designed and implemented for parents and adolescents. The quasi-experimental case validation method (single subject) was used in the next stage. More specifically, loneliness, the parent-child interaction from teenagers’ point of view as well as the parent-child interaction from their parents’ viewpoint were examined and tested using the multi-level AB design in fourteen weeks. The results indicated that the developed psychological intervention reduced loneliness in female students and improved parent-child interaction from both adolescents and parents’ perspectives.

in terms of practical purpose and in terms of simple random sampling, it is appropriate for the volume and collection of descriptive-surveillance data. The population includes all children from the first to the fifth grade in Rah Danesh Boys' Primary School with 350 students and Parvin Etisami Girls' Primary School with 370 students located in Sanandaj city, with a statistical sample of 250 students using Cochran's formula. The standard questionnaires of the use of virtual space by Lee et al. (2008) and the emotional well-being of Keyes and Magyarmo (2003) were distributed among the target samples and after collecting them, the data were analyzed using PLS software. The findings showed that 1- there is a significant relationship between the use of virtual space and emotional well-being, 2- gender plays a moderating role between the use of virtual space and well-being, and 3- the hours of using virtual space play a moderating role between the use of virtual space virtuality and emotional well-being. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the use of virtual space and emotional wellbeing, the moderating role of hours of use of virtual space and gender in children of Sanandaj city.

Executive functions play an essential role in the cognitive and social development of individuals. In recent years, executive functions have been studied as one of the most important neuropsychological variables affecting the reform and development of teachers' professions and as a result, better academic and social performance of students. This study aimed at designing and validating an executive function training program for elementary school teachers. The qualitative research method was used for the design and development part. To validate the program, the face validity method and the content validity method with a panel of 10 experts were used. To calculate the content validity, two relative content validity coefficients (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used. The minimum and maximum CVR for each item or component of the program were calculated. They were 0.80 and 1, respectively. Also, the minimum and maximum CVI rates for each item or component of the program were 0.80 and 0.93, respectively. Finally, the average content validity index for the whole program was 0.85. The results showed that the executive functions training program for primary school teachers has  face and content validity and has the necessary validity for use in educational centers, in-service courses,  and for research, and extracurricular classes in schools.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Islamic couple's anti-jealousy couple therapy package on family efficacying and jealousy in incompatible couples. The research method was experimental and in the framework of a quasi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test with a control group with follow-up after two months. The statistical population of the present study included all couples in Tehran who announced their readiness by participating in a training course to promote couple relationships. After performing the tests, the researcher selected a couple in which women had a lower than average score in the Safouraei Parizi family efficiency questionnaire (2009) and a higher than average score in the researcher-made couple jealousy questionnaire and were randomly assigned to the groups. Dad. Thirty-two couples were selected by purposive sampling from the statistical population of the study and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data collection tools in this study included the Safavid Parizi family efficiency questionnaire (2009) and according to the design, the subjects were assessed in two stages before and after the implementation of the designed model. Analysis of covariance with SPSS-25 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the mean scores of family performance in the experimental group increased compared to the control group and the mean scores of jealousy in the experimental group decreased compared to the control group. As a result, it can be said that the couple's anti-jealousy therapy package has been effective on family efficacying and jealousy in incompatible couples.

Reception of the essence and nature of marital problems from the revelatory source of Holy Quran is considered essential. Jealousy is a trait that has cognitive, behavioral, emotional and other aspects as well as destructive effects on couples' interactive patterns. The aim of this study was to discover the semantics of jealousy from the perspective of the Quran and hadiths; and also to design a specific couple therapy model based on elimination of jealousy.In this study, both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied. In the qualitative section and content analysis of verses and narrations, the components of the couple therapy protocol based on the word of jealousy were extracted from verses, and moreover, in the quantitative section, the face validity and content validity of the constructed protocol were evaluated. In the design and compilation stage of the protocol, by analyzing Quranic verses and related narrations relying on the root of "jealousy", the conceptual components of jealousy including the preliminaries, supplies as well as results and effects of jealousy were obtained. In regard to outbreak of jealousy in couples’ interaction, protocol of couple therapy was designed based on it through designing jealousy elimination techniques, by a group of 5 people. In the second stage, to examine the content of the protocol, the opinions of a 10-member panel were used by Delphi method and the relative content validity coefficient (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were calculated.The definition of jealousy process within the definition of couple jealousy was obtained in this study. Also, a protocol based on Quranic verses was developed using narrations. The results of the content validity test of the protocol by the panel of experts showed that the total CVR of the protocol is 0.8, 1 respectively, and CVI of sessions is 1, which indicates that the minimum of acceptable amount is established. Results Since jealousy is a trait that is seen in many couples, therefore its identifying and eliminating can eliminate many roots of the conflict between couples and improve marital satisfaction and promote intimacy between them. Most of all, the treatment through this approach would align the person with the divine goals and Hereafter direction in his life so that he can experience the true satisfaction.

This research aimed to analyze adolescents` motivational factors for using virtual social media. This research was conducted using the qualitative approach of phenomenology type. For this purpose, 17 female adolescents aged 14 to 16 who were dysfunctional in the use of social media were selected using a purposeful sampling method based on criteria. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Finally, the data were coded and categorized and the results were expressed using the method of narrative reporting. The analysis of experiences led to the identification of 7 main themes, including the symbiotic relationship with peers, omnipresence, emotion regulation, idealization versus normalization, social comparison, function, and response to existential-humanistic issues. each of them included 5, 7, 8, 4, 5, 15, and 3 sub-themes respectively. The results show that adolescents' problematic use of social networks is not motivated by newness or fashion, but purposefully and motivated by the fulfillment of basic needs (autonomy, competence, and communication). Therefore, in addition to recognizing the needs and motivations of adolescents, the authorities must use the technological opportunities of social networks to respond to their neglected needs in the real world. Also, counselors can take preventive measures or design targeted technological content for them by considering the motivations of adolescents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of emotion-based family therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on mothers' distress tolerance with mentally retarded children.

The research design was quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test with two experimental groups and control group. From the community of mothers with a mentally retarded child in Tehran in 1399, 39 people were selected as a research sample and randomly placed in three experimental groups 1, 2 and control. Experiment 1 group members received emotion-based family therapy, and experimental group 2 received acceptance and commitment therapy, while control group members did not receive any intervention. Also, all members of the experimental and control groups answered the anxiety tolerance questionnaire in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance statistical method.

The results of repeated measures analysis showed that both family therapy approaches based on emotion and acceptance and commitment were effective in improving the anxiety tolerance of mothers with mentally retarded children (p≤0.001). The results of pairwise comparison showed that the emotion-based approach to acceptance and commitment had a greater impact on the tolerance of mothers with distressed children.

In order to improve the anxiety tolerance of mothers with mentally retarded children, both emotion-based therapy and acceptance and commitment are effective, but emotion-based therapy is more effective.

 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. The role of IL-17A in cancer begins in the early stages of tumorigenesis and appears to play an important role in tumorigenesis by causing inflammation. The present study was conducted to investigate the expression of KI67 and P53 genes in HT-29 colon epithelial cells with IL-17A.

IL-17A was purchased and 50 ng/ml was added to HT-29 culture medium and after 24 hours the cells were isolated from the culture medium and cell necrosis was examined by MTT. Then RNA was extracted and the expression levels of P53 and KI67 were analyzed using newly designed primers by Reverse transcription (RT) qPCR method and GeniX6 software.

 The MTT test showed that a concentration of 150 ng/ml for 24 hours had maximal necrosis rate in HT-29. After 24 hours of IL-17A incubation, the expression of KI67 (P = 0.003) and P53 (P = 0.001) genes in HT-29 cells in the IL-17A exposed group decreased and increased, respectively. Also, compared to the control group the number of examined HT-29 cells in the IL-17A treated group showed a significant decrease (P

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer related death for both men and women in the United States of America (US) and also, is the third and fourth common cancer in Iranian men and women, respectively. It is curable in its early stages; we hypothesized” the inflammatory gene expression level of the peripheral monocytes of CRC patients is different from control healthy persons”. Therefore, this research was done with the aim of finding of the role of inflammation in the formation of CRC to help diagnosis and treatment of CRC in its early stages on the basis of its immunopathological view.

Inthis case-control study, the expression level of TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3 and NOS2 genes was compared following RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from isolated monocytes of stage II CRC patients (confirmed by TNM method and before any chemotherapyand radiotherapy n=12) versus non-CRC healthy/controls (referred for CRC screening n=12) by qPCR method. The β- actin gene was used as the reference gene in this research.

In CRC patients’ monocytes, the expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 genes were significantly less than those of healthy controls (p < 0.05). The NLRP3 gene expression level in CRC group was slightly higher but, not significant. In contrast, the expression level of NOS2 gene in CRC group was significantly higher than that of in healthy controls (p < 0.05).

On the basis of the variations of the gene expression levels of TLR2, TLR4 and NOS2 in monocytes of stage II CRC patients and the role of inflammation in its formation, it is possible using this variations as CRC prognosis and in time treatment along with other methods; though, it needs more investigations.

The pear is one of the most important fruit trees in temperate regions and is salt-sensitive trees. Studies have shown that the use of Piriformospora indica as an endophytic fungus reduces the adverse effects of salinity stress on plants and improves morphophysiological traits.

In the present study, the experiment was performed as a factorial completely randomized design with 5 replications on the pyrus rootstock CV Pyrodvarf in pot culture experiment. The first factor includes two levels of P. indica fungus (inoculation and non-inoculation) and the second factor is four salinity levels of soil (1.7, 3, 4.5 and 6 dS.m-1) using sodium chloride. After inoculation with the fungus, the salinity levels were applied to the plants.

The results showed that the interaction effect of salinity × fungi on morphophysiological characteristics, total chlorophyll content (P <0.05), branch diameter growth, electrolyte leakage, proline, soluble sugars, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes and root colonization percentage (P <0.01) were significant. At the highest salinity levels (6 dS/m), fungal inoculation caused an increase in surface-to-root dry weight ratio (38.81%), branch diameter growth (31.14%), total chlorophyll (27.72%), peroxidase (100%), polyphenol oxidase (62.5%) and root colonization percentage (100%) and decrease in electrolyte leakage rate (19.34%), proline (10.34%) and soluble sugars (8.77%) ) compared to non-inoculated control plants.

In general, the results of this study showed that the coexistence of P. indica can modulate the destructive effects of salinity on this pear cultivar.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Moral Perfectionism Scale (MPS-P) in undergraduate students.

The research method was correlational and statistical population included all 900 undergraduate students of Tehran, Al-Zahra and Al-Taha universities, which among whom, 587 (410 girls and 177 boys) were selected through available sampling. The research tool were Persian version of the MPS (Stoeber & Young, 2016) and MAC IV (Christie & Geis, 1970). After removal 16 outlier cases, the data of 571 (401 girls and 170 boys) were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-dimensional structure of the Moral Perfectionism Scale, and showed that the factors of Personal Moral Standards (PMS) and Concern about Moral Mistakes (CMM) are separate from each other. The confirmatory factor fitness indicators with the exception of  2 /df 3.21 (p = 0/001) were in the accepted range. Cronbach's alpha coefficients was 0.85 for PMS and 0.73 for CMM.

Considering the acceptable psychometric properties of the Persian version of Moral Perfectionism Scale, its use is recommended to psychologists and counselors in research and clinical settings to measure the degree of perfectionism in the field of moralities.

Designing extensive programs for training families with Down Syndrome children and implementing appropriate supportive programs for them require assessing their educational and supportive needs. In the present study, the educational and social needs of mothers with Down Syndrome children were assessed in order to design a comprehensive program for training mothers.

The study was a descriptive-survey design, and participants were 30 mothers of female children with Down Syndrome attending Aslani Special School in the academic year 2015-2016 in Tehran, Iran. The mothers were selected by convenient sampling method. The Need Assessment Questionnaire (Beh-Pajooh & Mahmoudi, 2014) was adapted and completed by the mothers. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: The first part included demographic information about children with Down Syndrome and their parents; The second part included 13 open-ended questions, and the third part consisted of 28 items using four-point Likert scale (very much, much, little, and very little).

The findings revealed that mothers of children with Down Syndrome reported high levels of worry about their children’s future, and would like to know about services at the present and the future. What matters is to inform them about their children’s future and there should be appropriate educational programs – especially regarding independent living skills training – for such children and their families.

Mothers of children with Down Syndrome have a need for social support and education; this shows the importance of planning and implementing appropriate supportive and educational programs for such families.

The present study aimed to determine the associations of alexithymia and emotion dysregulation with proneness to substance dependence in university students. This study was a correlational-descriptive design. The sample of this study consisted of 361 university students of Semnan Azad University in the academic year of 1396 selected by convenience sampling method based on Krejcie and Morgan table. Research tools were the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (1994), Gratz & Roemer Emotion Regulation Scale (2004), and Zarger et al. (1385) Addiction Proneness Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression. The results showed that there was a relationship between alexithymia components and proneness to substance dependence. Difficulty in identifying feelings and difficulty in describing feelings explained totally 18% of the variance of proneness to substance dependence. Also, the results showed that there was a relationship between the components of emotion dysregulation and proneness to substance dependence. Non-acceptance of emotional responses, difficulty in impulse control, and difficulty in engaging in goal-directed behavior explained totally 29% of the variance of proneness to substance dependence. Overall, the results indicated the importance and roles of emotional distress and emotion regulation in substance dependence, so paying attention to emotion regulation using appropriate strategies to prevent substance dependence is essential.

One of the emerging issues in contemporary studies of Quranic exegesis and Hadith is the revision of Islamic ethics from the "gender" perspective and the justifying of "gender ethics" in accordance with the sources of the revelation of Islam. The main issue of this paper is, in the first step, to prove the principle of moral propositions addressed to one of the two genders in verses * and narratives, and in the second step, to find the foundations of the inference of gender morality from the teachings of the revelation of Islam and the rejection of the forms of moral relativity about it . According to the findings of this research, the existence of the statements of gender ethics in the verses and narratives is undeniable, and the correspondence of the two Qur'anic principles of "paired" and "conformity of the system of legislation and the system of creation", the reason of the issuance of these propositions will be revealed by the holy sharia . Finally, after answering the forms of moralizing sentences in the event of the adoption of "gender morality" in Islam, it was concluded that the claim for the full use of the moral propositions to the two sexes in the Islamic Shari'a is not culturally relevant to religious sources. Thus, in deriving the moral propositions of Islam in the family system, paying attention to the gender dimension of men and women is necessary and in some cases causes differences or conflicts between moral and feminine verdicts. The method of this research is a combination of inter-religious and extra-religious approaches.

This study aims to evaluate the outcomes and late complications of open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in the treatment of morbid obesity. Over a 15 year-period between May 1997 and May 2012، we reviewed our experiments with 39 patients who underwent open gastric bypass for morbid obesity. The weight of the patient and surgical complications were recorded. Ideal weight، body mass index، weight loss and excess weight loss were calculated. The follow up period ranged from 6 to 180 months with a mean of 100 months after operation. Average weight loss was 3. 9 and 0. 28 kg per month during the first and second years after operation weight loss was slower from the third year on-wards. Weight loss generally was stabilized between 12 and 18 months after operation. Only one patient (2. 6%) had a weight loss failure criterion. Concomitant condition ex-isted in 14 patients (48. 2%) of our series. These included hypertension in 3 cases (10. 3%) that was resolved in 100%، diabetes mellitus in 4 (13. 7%) that was resolved in 75%، cholelithiasis in 7 cases (24. 1%) that was resolved by cholecystectomy during the operation. There was no early postoperative death. Early complications occurred in 2 patients (5. 1%)، including pulmonary embolism (2. 6%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (2. 6%). The late complications occurred in 7 patients (17. 9%) involved 2 patients with anastomotic stricture at the gastrojejunostomy (5. 1%)، One patient with symptomatic cholelithiasis (2. 6%)، three patient with anemia (7. 7%)، and one patient had Wernicke ’s disease who died of this complication (2. 6%). The results of the study showed that the open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is an effective procedure in the treatment of morbid obesity with minimal late complications.

Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Most epidemiological studies have indicated the role of H. pylori infection on increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of this microorganism in gastric cancer in different regions of the stomach and to compare it with non malignant lesions. Samples were obtained from 50 confirmed cases of gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent gastrectomy during the years of 2007- 2008 at Ghaem and Omid hospitals of Mashhad. Gastric tissue of 50 patients who underwent endoscopy without gastric cancer was obtained as control samples. All patients were matched with regard to age and sex. The urease test and histology were used for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. The prevalence of H. pylori was compared between the two groups. The data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. through t student، Chi-square test، and Fisher exact tests. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in gastric adenocarcinoma group was 92% and in the control group was 60%. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in gastric adenocarcinoma patients was 100% in the antropyloric region and 95% in the body of the stomach. There is a significant correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Dissection of the axillary lymph nodes is considered as one of the common measures in management of breast cancer. Edema and limitation in hand movement are accompanied with dissection of axillary lymph nodes. Sentinel lymph node biopsy can be used to evaluate axillary metastasis. This study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer. This descriptive study was performed on 30 selected patients with breast cancer less than 5 cm without any involvement of axillary lymph nodes in Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad، North-East of Iran during 2009 -10. Initially، the lymphoscintigraphy was performed. Subsequently، prior، to the surgery، the blue dye as a marker was injected for detecting sentinel lymph node and with the use of probe gamma counter and observing blue color on lymph nodes، the sentinel node was determined and separated. Finally، axillary dissection was performed for removing the lymph nodes of I and II level in all patients. Among 30 patients who were evaluated for sentinel lymph nodes and axillary dissection، false negative were observed only in two cases (6. 6 %). The sensitivity rate was determined to be 84. 6%. Considering the high success rate of detection of sentinel lymph node and limited false negative cases، sentinel lymph node biopsy is recommended in cases of breast cancer without axillary involvement.

Decrease in breast milk intake during the first days of birth can lead to weight loss، hypernatremia and severe hyperbilirubinemia. Few studies have investigated the relationship between jaundice and hypernatremia. So، this study was done to assess the relationship between hypernatremia and its effective factors on breast-fed term infants with jaundice of unknown etiology. This prospective and cross sectional study was conducted on 273 neonates with jaundice of unknown etiology who were admitted to Qaem hospital of Mashhad، Iran، from February 2009 to January 2011. Neonates were enrolled in control group (serum sodium less than 150 mmol/L، n=226) and case group (serum sodium less than 150 mmol/L، n=47). Maternal and neonatal characteristics and risk factors in two groups were compared. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16، Pearson correlation test، independent t-test، ANOVA and Mann-Whitney. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. Number of feeding، sucking difficulties، number of urination، first time of breastfeeding، let down reflex، mastitis، hardening of the breast before breastfeeding، softening of the breast after breastfeeding and feeding position were significant in two groups (p<0. 05). Correlation between severity of hypernatremia and severity of weight loss was significant (p<0. 001) Mastitis، insufficient let down reflex، inappropriate feeding position، delay in first feeding، less feeding frequency، less urinary frequency and severity of neonatal weight loss are the important risk factors of hypernatremia in neonates.

Antibiotic resistance due to the widespread use of antibiotics is one of the major causes of failure in antibiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the rates of antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from Fasa Vali-e-Asr Hospital patients. In total, 234 isolates of Escherichia coli strains, obtained from inpatients and outpatients, were studied. The identity of the isolated strains was confirmed by bacteriologic methods. T he drug sensitivity definition test to 17 antibiotics was done via the disk diffusion antibiogram method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the resistant isolates to Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem was measured using the s erial dilution method according to the CLSI standards. The resistance rates of the isolates to Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem by disk diffusion antibiogram method were 22.65% and 11.11% and by serial dilution method were 19.66 % and 9.4% of all the isolates, respectively. These results show higher resistance of Escherichia coli to Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem as compared to the results in previous studies. Further investigation will shed light on how to more effectively battle antibiotic resistance of virulent microorganisms.

Resistance patterns among nosocomial bacterial pathogens in hospitals may vary widely from country to country at any given point and within the same country over time. Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important bacteria that cause hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, surveillance of the antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii is necessary, especially in our country, where there is death of relevant data. This cross-sectional-descriptive study was performed on 63 MDR isolates of acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients in Fars province hospitals. After acinetobacter baumannii diagnosis with bacteriological standard tests, we determined their susceptibility to the following antibiotics via the antibiogram method (disk diffusion): cefoxitine; polymixin B; nalidixic acid; meropenem; tobramycin; imipenem; trimethoprim sulphametoxazole; ampicilin-sulbactam; azteronam; rifampicin; ceftazidim; gentamycin; cefotaxim; piperacillin; ciprofloxacin; streptomycin; amikacin; and polymixin B. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC (for imipenem and ciprofloxacin against acinetobacter baumannii isolates was determined using the serial dilution method according to the CLSI guideline. The percentage of acinetobacter baumannii isolates that were resistant to ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and meropenem in the serial dilution method was 77.7%, 40.9%, and 60%, respectively. High antimicrobial resistance in acinetobacter baumannii species was observed in the present study; therefore, it is necessary to implement some approaches for the prevention of bacterial spread.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and serious clinical problem in newborns. Previous studies have suggested that jaundice may be one of the signs of a UTI in infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence age presentation severity of jaundice signs and complications of UTI in newborns with asymptomatic unexplained indirect hyperbilirubinemia in the first month of life. This case-control study was conducted at the Neonatal intensive care unit Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad from May 2004 to April 2009. We evaluated asymptomatic jaundiced infants for the evidence of having UTI. Some laboratory tests such as a serum fractionated bilirubin level as well as urinanalysis and a urine culture were performed in all patients. Renal ultrasound was performed in almost all the cases with UTI. Detailed questionnaires which were included demographic information prenatal intrapartum postnatal events and risk factors were filled. The control group was jaundiced- infants with unknown etiology. A total of 1487 patients were enrolled in this study. From these patients 1061 infants were evaluated for UTI. There was a statistically significant difference (P

Significant perineal injuries and major pelvic fractures resulting from blunt trauma manifest a high-energy injury. Open pelvic fractures (with perineal injury) are associated with higher mortality rates of 40 to 60 %. This study was a review of patients with multiple traumas comprising of major pelvic fracture and severe perineal injuries (Shahid Kamyab hospital in Mashhad from 2002- 2005). A total of 11 patients, with pelvic fracture and perineal injuries (injury to urethra and anal canal) were entered in the study. The data was gathered by a checklist and analyzed with SPSS software. The population under study included 11 patients (9 male, 2 female) with a mean age of 35years. Cause of trauma in all patients was motor vehicle accidents. All of the patients in the first 6 hours of admission received at least 4 liters of serum ringer lactate and 3 units of packed cells. The mean of packed cell received was 8 units and one patient needed 21 units of packed cells. All of patients were taken to the operating room for diverting colostomy, distal rectal washout, cystostomy and radical debridment and irrigation of devitalized tissue. Good results were achieved in 9 patients and there was one case of mortality and one morbidity (ARF). Open pelvic fractures and perineal injuries are associated with higher mortality rates. Prompt diagnosis and proper treatment (reanimation, colostomy, cystostomy, debridment and irrigation) is the key to success.