عباس معدن دار آرانی

The purpose of this research was to investigate the implicit meaning making of the “self” and “other” in the upper secondary textbooks through Van Dijk discourse analysis. This study was a qualitative research based on discourse analysis with research population of all upper secondary textbooks (Humanities Branch). In this study purposeful sampling method was used. The method of data collection and analysis were documentary through the review of primary (seven textbooks) and secondary sources as well as review of words, text, and paragraphs, respectively. The findings reveal that the authors of selected textbooks, being aware of the ways of reproducing power in discourse, have highlighted self-positive identity and other negative aspects through the use of implicit meaning making strategy. According to the findings, it is suggested that curriculum planners and authors make a fundamental change in the content of textbooks through a better and deeper introduction of modern concepts related to the culture and civilization of Islam and Iran (self-positivity) instead of extreme emphasis on negative aspects of other cultures.

The most key factor of changes; Technological developments, social and economic developments, and globalization developments are the ones that all areas of human life have been affected by and have planned the basis of their life relationships based on those developments. Therefore, the developments of higher education governance are not exempted from this rule, but have been influenced by it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the components and elements of university governance and to design the native model of Iranian universities through understanding the relationship and role of each of them. In this research, based on synthesis research and meta-study (meta-composition), 87 components (indices) were obtained from 40 valid articles, which were confirmed by 30 experts using the Delphi technique. After analyzing the governance indicators in higher education, it was found that these indicators are in six larger dimensions and in 2 parts: internal factors (management systems and its processes, open and responsive and responsible system, participation of internal stakeholders) and external factors (governance and institutional independence, financial independence, academic freedom, participation of foreign stakeholders). To understand the phenomenon of higher education, paying attention to the institutional roots and balance of power in modern higher education systems is Clark's triangle, which distinguishes between the government control model, the Humboldt model (rule by academics) and the American-English market-oriented model. Taking into account the dimensions of transformational governance in the higher education system and the foundations of new theories and researches, the result of the research shows that there

The Fundamental Reform Document of Education is the most important upstream document for the realization of the goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of education. The aim of this research was to restore and update this document through a systematic review of its criticisms and problems. Based on the findings, the three basic criticisms of the document are the idealism of the goals, extreme centralism and sloganeering, and politicization. Also, the findings indicate that the need for cooperation and decision-making for the implementation of the document, weakness in the provision of specialized human resources and lack of funds are among the most important challenges for those involved in the implementation of the document. Findings related to the reform approach reveal the need of the document to revise and establish a balance between basic concepts such as types of identity and adding neglected topics such as creativity, tolerance, democracy, citizenship rights and freedom. Also, the findings of the research on the implementation approach reveal that part of the implementation challenges of the document are related to the political structure of the country and relations between different social organizations. In addition to this, the findings of the research revealed that in the supplementary approach, the proposals based on the updating of the document can be divided into two general groups i.e. concerns related to the difference between the document and social realities of Iran & global society; and attention to the shortcomings of the document in issues such as sex education, education of exceptional children and environmental education.

The purpose of research was to investigate the representation of countries in the upper secondary school textbooks of Iran education system based on van Dijk's discourse analysis. The data collection method was documentary by examining primary sources (seven textbooks) and secondary sources. The findings of research reveal that the authors of selected textbooks are aware of the ways of reproducing power in the discourse, by highlighting their identity successively implement the process of producing and understanding ideological discourse and dominate the minds of students through this language structure. Another finding showed the author's use of words, sentences, and numerous paragraphs to create all the negative aspects of others. Another finding is that it is rare to find a positive attribute for the people of a country in the selected textbooks, unless the said country has a history of struggle, war, domination and colonization in relation to one of the western countries. However, it is difficult to find a word praising industrial, technological, social, scientific achievements or progress of a country in the selected textbooks. According to the findings and in order to increase the highlighting of the positive characteristics of "other" and reduce the negative view of other cultures, societies and countries; it is suggested to curriculum planners and authors of school textbooks in Iran to make fundamental changes in the content of textbooks.

The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the challenges affecting university and industry participation by presenting solutions among the managers and industry experts of Khorram Abad city. This study was carried out using mixed design. In the qualitative phase of the research, the statistical population consisted of professionals and managers from the cultivation industry, tourism industry, Khorman pharmaceutical company, as well as Khorramabad`s electricity distribution company. Purposive sampling technique was used early in this stage and snowballing late in the stage. The study`s sample size based on the theoretical saturation in the interviews consisted of 14 participants. In the quantitative phase of the research, the statistical population consisted of professionals and managers from the cultivation industry, tourism industry, Khorman pharmaceutical company, electricity distribution company, Pegah, and Khorramabad`s Steel company. Stratified random sampling was used in this phase of the research, Krejcie and Morgan`s table determined the sample size to be 172 participants; a questionnaire that was completed using the data achieved in the previous phase was used to identify and prioritize the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that affect the relationship between universities and industry. The results determine academic and research environments, positive climate, material resources, and facilities as strengths, prioritized based on their order of appearance, academic and research poverty, lack of material resources or facilities, and weak and irresolute laws as weaknesses, prioritized based on their order of appearance. The results also reveal the universities` academic capacity facilities and inclusive environments as opportunities. Furthermore, the universities` low quality of educational and research programs, poor quality of big-scale programs and processes, cultural poverty, loose and improper laws set at universities have been recognized as threats that can affect the relationship between universities and industry.

The present study aimed to Surveying the impact of quantum management on human resource productivity via mediating organizational empathy. This research was a quantitative research and applied in terms of purpose and also it has a descriptive-correlation method. Library studies were used to collect information such as theoretical foundations and research background and The data of this study using a standard questionnaire of quantum management (2011) and organizational empathy questionnaire (2014) and human resource productivity Goldsmith (1980) by a sample of 320 employees, It was collected from the administrative staff of Khorramabad universities in 2020. Samples were selected by relative stratified sampling method using Krejcie and Morgan table. To calculate the validity, content validity was used. The results indicated the validity of the research tool. In order to determine the validity of internal consistency, the prototype was pre-tested, and according to the confidence coefficients obtained by Cronbach's alpha method for the human resource productivity questionnaire 0.93, for quantum management questions of 0.8 and an organizational empathy questionnaire of 0.82 is good reliability.Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that quantum management impact on human resource productivity is explained by the mediator variable of organizational empathy as well as Quantum management also affects human resource productivity and organizational empathy, but the affect of organizational empathy on human resource productivity was not supported according to research data.

Given the role of it in the production of science and knowledge, the higher education is expected to be a pioneer in the application of up-to-date and efficient knowledge. In this regard, the subject of attention to new management methods and the subject of communication in new organizations in order to increase employee productivity is the aim of this study. In the present study, three management concepts compatible with new universities; quantum management, human resource productivity and organizational empathy have been investigated and it is intended to compare the amount of these three variables in Lorestan Universities and Lorestan Medical Science Universities. The present study is applicable in terms of purpose and has been conducted in terms of data collection method with library studies and a prefabricated questionnaire. The statistical population in this study is the staff of Lorestan Universities and Lorestan University of Medical Sciences in 1396 with 863 people, among which 265 people selected by means of the relative classifying sampling via the Krejcie & morgan table as sample, were determined relatively in each class. To compare the variables in the two universities, the data related to the research hypotheses were analyzed using the analysis of variance test. According to data analysis, there is a difference between quantum management and human resource productivity in Lorestan universities and Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, but there is no difference between the levels of organizational empathy in these two universities.

This study aims to compare the position of the formal education system of the Islamic Republic of Iran with those of neighboring countries. This is a comparative quantitative study, in which the statistical population was analyzed at the world regions/continents level based on the Bray and Thomas cube. The research sample consisted of Iran and 13 neighboring countries. There were six education indices classified generally as student, human resources, environment and equipment, financial, outcome, and qualitative groups with 20 micro indices. The information was collected by analyzing documents, contents of reports, and citable references such as international data-banks, official websites of the Ministry of Education, and governmental sources and reports as well as those of research institutions and the mass media. Regarding the fulfillment percentage of education indices, the research findings indicate that Iran was ranked seventh among neighboring countries. Among seven Arab countries except for Iraq, countries on the southern border of the Persian Gulf were ranked from first to six; thus, they outstripped Iran and other neighboring countries. According to other research findings, Iran was ranked below fifth in seven indices, compared with 13 neighboring countries, and between sixth and tenth in 11 indices. Iran was ranked third in apparent intake ratio, first in actual intake ratio, and second in the ratio of technical and vocational students to the entire students.

In recent decades the educational competitions have increased attention of scholars to understand the educational changes and innovations as well as ways of solving challenges in other societies. The main mission of comparative education is critical study of the educational similarities and differences among societies and cultures. Accordingly, the attention to comparative education and its necessity have become a common phenomenon in higher education institutions which can be seen through establishments of graduate courses, research centers and publication of books and articles. In Iran, comparative education is provided as a three-unit course at the field of educational sciences (different branches) and for undergraduate, graduate and doctoral students. Writing and preparation of the book "Comparative Education: Foundation, Principles and Methods " shows a deliberate attempt to present this science with respect to its theoretical foundations and principles. In this paper, I will try to analysis form and content of the book and rating its privileges and shortcomings. Due to the size and pages, this book has largely made readers familiar with the general and basic framework of comparative education science, Meanwhile the most important weakness of the present work can be a lack of attention to currents contemporary intellectual of comparative education.

To identify the quantitative dimensions of supplementary private tutoring, a cluster sample of 800 high school students was given a questionnaire on the subject. The collected data reveal that motivation for taking such lessons includes better learning, higher grades, and parental recommendation. The most common way of taking these lessons is through crowded classrooms taught by a single teacher. The subjects in which such courses are taken are ranked by students as math and English, as well as Arabic, language. Girls seem to be taking more of such lessons, while teachers promote taking them. Furthermore, it is found that taking these classes is more frequent among the higher grades with no relation to the parental income level.

Regional conflicts have greatly increased during the last two decades, a trend that is the outcome of the type of relationships among civilizations. Considering the political, social and economic relations between Muslim and western countries majority of these conflicts have taken place in the Middle East. In such a situation, surely family and educational systems play a vital role in alleviating human suffering. These two social systems can increase common understanding among intellectuals and people in the involved societies. On this score, comparative education can promote intercultural understanding in the diverse world of the twenty-first century. The present paper endeavors to briefly compare educational viewpoints held by three Muslim pedagogues- Al-Farabi, Avicenna and Al-Ghazali – with those of three western pioneers in education– Locke, Rousseau and John Dewey- via historical comparative research and demonstrate the fact that common educational viewpoints can reduce formation of prejudiced attitudes and boost intercultural understanding at national and regional levels via family system.

Broad variety of disciplines in higher education system and careers in today's society emphasize responsibility of academic and career planning for the next generation. There is no doubt that this planning requires accurate knowledge about student job attitudes on the one hand and knowing the need of society to different careers on the other hand. Accordingly, the present study investigated the factors affecting career interest of theoretical high secondary school students in Tehran city. The population consisted of all high school students in different fields. The Cluster Sampling Method was used to select students from two educational districts of Tehran namely 6 & 14 and finally 420 students were selected. For collection of data, the “Career Attitudes Questionnaire ‘prepared by present researcher was used. The questionnaire has two sections i.e. personal information and information about career knowledge. The first result of the present study suggests that “gender” is still a factor which affects career interest and attitudes. So that the main trend of girls aimed social jobs but the main interest of boys is on exploratory careers. Other finding of research also reveals a significant difference between two groups in terms of their academic performance and its effect on student's career interest. The last two findings of research show that firstly the students’ career attitudes do not necessarily follow their fathers’ present job and secondly the higher level of education of parents increases students’ attitudes on exploratory and social careers.

Conducting comparative studies in education has a long-lasting background in many societies; however, in the last few decades, the tremendous growth of Information and Communication Technology alongside researchers’ interest in broadening their knowledge of the role of education systems in socio-economic development of countries have yielded a growth in comparative research in all humanities disciplines. Hence, awareness of the theories, methods as well as rules applied in comparative studies is of vital importance. Nevertheless, comparative educational studies in Iran have been confined to a superficial understanding of the similarities and differences between education systems. Therefore, the present article aims at introducing new methods of research in comparative educational studies. The paper starts with an introduction to the comparative studies. Next, the characteristics of comparative research are explained. The main part of the paper elaborates on John Stuart Mill comparative research Method of Agreement, Method of Difference, and Boolean Algebra Method, respectively. The paper would end with a brief comparison of these methods and a conclusion.

This study examines the role of Institutions، Organizations and Individuals on stop of Non – Governmental Schools’ activities. Qualitative findings through deep- interview with three target groups including active founder، non- active founder and experts on non-government schools office in four geographic regions of the country were collected. Analysis of results provides a Semantic Model for explanation of stop factors of non-government schools. Based on the model، interventional factors developed the phenomenon of «competitor schools». Then to deal with this situation، the interviewees admitted three different strategies of acceptance، resistance، and submission. The final stage was shown that each of these strategies have different outputs. Findings of study have been provided a semantic reconstruction of non-government schools through original core namely «relative instability».

This study examines factors contributed to non – governmental schools stopped activities and provides a solution for it. Qualitative findings through deep- interview with three target groups including active founder, non- active founder and experts on non-government schools office in four geographic regions of the country were collected. Analysis of results provides a Semantic Model for explanation of stop factors of non-government schools. Based on the model, causal, grounded and interventional conditions and their interaction developed the phenomenon of "competitor schools". Then to deal with this situation, the interviewees admitted three different strategies of acceptance, resistance, and submission. The final stage was shown that each of these strategies have different outputs. Findings of study have been provided a semantic reconstruction of non-government schools through original core namely "relative instability".

The global tendency towards privatization in general, and of education in particular, during the past three decades led to a similar trend in Iran. However, recently a drastic drop in this trend and an increase in the number of private school closures have been noted. To identify the reasons for this trend, and find ways of reversing it, three groups of informants consisting of a group of currently active founders, a group of recently inactivated founders, and a group of experts on private schools were consulted in these regards. The results show that there have been four categories of challenges including economic, organizational, educational, and administrative factors that have resulted in the closures.

Adjustment is a relatively conscious process based on which human beings adapt themselves to their natural, social, and cultural environments and establish healthy and successful relationships with others. In addition, the impact of family on individuals’ behavior cannot be underestimated due to the fact that parents’ attitude towards adolescents and the youth can result in their higher adjustment to the environment. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between family functioning and the emotional, social, and educational aspects of adjustment among Tehrani high school students. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was utilized for the purpose of sampling and as a result two districts (a total number of 5 high schools and 10 classes) and 300 students (121 girls and 179 boys) were selected. In this correlational research, the instrumentation comprised Bloom’s Family Function Questionnaire and Sinha-Singh’s Adjustment Inventory. The data were analyzed through SPSS and correlation coefficients for independent groups were computed. Results of the study revealed that the correlation between family functioning and social and educational aspects of adjustment was higher among girls than boys, whereas the correlation between family functioning and emotional adjustment was higher among boys than girls, despite the fact that in general no significant difference was observed between the two genders. It can be concluded that apparently gender cannot contribute to differences in adjustment behavior of students.

One of the ways to increase efficiency and effectiveness of universities is performance evaluation of its various dimensions. In the past decade, with the reduction of social demand for higher education affected by quantitative expansion of universities, educational planners have been focused on analysis and evaluation of higher education quality. Considering students’ opinions, as main customers of this system, about university lecturer's performances could be a good point of reference for understanding the conditions governing the quality of universities. The main purpose of the present study is to determine the relationship between faculty members’ social popularity with their evaluation by students at the University of Lorestan. A sample of 500 students from all colleges of University of Lorestan was selected by Stratified Random Sampling Method. Data was gathered by a researcher- made questionnaire with 30 questions and a ready questionnaire with 15 questions using a five –point Likert Scale. Content validity of the questionnaires was determined by university faculty members and their reliabilities by Cronbach's alpha. The first findings of the study confirmed that there is a positive and significant correlation between the two variables of social popularity of university lecturers and their scientific evaluation by students. Other research findings confirm that academic ability in comparison with teaching ability can vary and be explained by changes to the social popularity of faculty members. Furthermore, among different components of social popularity, relational and managerial validity have more impact on university lecturers’ popularity.

Although various definitions have been proposed by psychologists to present the nature and concept of creativity, most scholars believe that creativity is teachable. In this regard, there are two famous methods of brainstorming and guided discovery which are paid less attention by Iranian researchers. The purpose of the present study is to examine and compare these two methods of creativity in three groups of girl pupils. Methods and Materials: In order to collect the data about girls’ creativity, 72 pupils from 3 guidance schools in Rasht were selected. To do this, simple random sampling technique was employed. There were 24 girls in each of control, brainstorming and guided discovery groups. In order to collect the required data, all of the participants took pre-test, post test, and Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). The results of this study showed that teaching creativity by brainstorming method is significant (P<0/001) for "elaboration" sub factor; while for other sub factors, no significant difference was observed between the two methods of brainstorming and guided discovery. According to the results of the present study, it seems that the efficiency of brainstorming method is attributed to the nature of the method although researchers expected guided discovery method– for the reason of guidance and supervision of pupils- to be more effective than brainstorming method.