عباس ملک حسینی

The smart resilient city is a new approach to urban planning. While considering the common points of smart and resilient cities, this approach incorporates the concept of using the capacities of smart cities to promote resilience and as a complement to resilient cities in the path of sustainable development goals. The purpose of this research is to measure and classify 8 regions of Kermanshah metropolis based on economic indicators of the smart, resilient city approach. The present study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The research approach is a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. The statistical population of the study is the residents of Kermanshah metropolis in its 8 districts. Data analysis was carried out using the content analysis method and Delphi technique, and also in the quantitative dimension using the fuzzy electret method, and the weighting of the indicators was carried out using the Shannon entropy method. The results of the research indicate an imbalance in the enjoyment of the economic indicators of the resilient smart city approach by the regions of Kermanshah metropolis.

Tourism has become a vital component of development strategies in many countries, playing an active and effective role in improving the economic, social, and cultural structures, especially in developing nations. In this context, neighborhood-oriented housing provision has gained increasing importance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of neighborhood-based housing provision on tourism development with an environmental approach in the city of Arak. The research is applied in purpose and employs both field methods (questionnaires) and documentary methods (library studies) for data collection. The research sample included tourism officials and operators in the studied area (15 people), operators, employees, and activists in tourism (8 people), geography and tourism experts (5 people), civil engineering experts (3 people), water resources engineering experts (3 people), and professors and researchers with experience or knowledge in Arak tourism (6 people), resulting in 40 completed questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the Iranian matrix method (Leopold modified Makhdoom, 2017). The results showed that the effects of housing provision on tourism in Arak have minimal negative environmental effects. In fact, the findings highlight that neighborhood-based housing provision not only avoids significant environmental harm but can also contribute positively to tourism development. Therefore, it is essential to minimize negative effects while leveraging this potential for economic and social development.

Spatial analysis is a methodological approach used to identify and examine the dispersions and interrelationships of phenomena, as well as their differences and similarities, within a geographical context. Resilience, as a form of foresight, reflects the dynamic nature of society’s responses to events and helps expand policy options to address uncertainty and change. This study aimed to investigate and spatially analyze resilience indicators in the urban areas of Bushehr. The research employed a descriptive-analytical method, with data collected through documentary sources and field surveys (questionnaire). Data analysis was conducted using the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making process and Shannon entropy method. According to Shannon entropy results, the weights of the physical-infrastructural, institutional, economic, and social dimensions were 0.806, 0.512, 0.110, and 0.095, respectively. The findings, based on the VIKOR model, indicated that the overall physical-infrastructural, institutional, economic, and social resilience in Bushehr are in unfavorable conditions, with average index scores of 4.71, 3.84, 3.00, and 2.01, respectively.

The current research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effective factors on the development of an integrated management system for coastal sports tourism based on Internet of Things technology. The research method was of a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) and the qualitative part was done in the form of theme analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative section included people who are aware of the research topic, and according to the purposeful selection, the number of 20 people was determined as a sample. Also, the statistical population in the quantitative part of the research includes all tourists who traveled to Bandar Abbas city between March 2021 and August 2021, Mondayand were considered tourists and used the beach sports tourism facilities of this city. Due to the uncertainty of the size of the population and based on Cochran's sample size method in the conditions of uncertainty of the population size; a total of 384 people were identified as the research sample. Finally, after distributing and collecting research questionnaires; 370 questionnaires were analyzed. The research tools included semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, coding and structural equation method were used. The whole process of data analysis was done in SPSS, PLS and MaxQda software. The results showed that the identified factors included managerial, technical, educational, cultural and financial factors. The results also showed that technical factors with an impact of 0.931 have the most importance. Creating technical infrastructure along with financial factors can provide the development process of the integrated management system of coastal sports tourism based on Internet of Things technology.

The unbalanced physical expansion of Ilam City can be attributed to various issues, including regional imbalance, rapid urbanization, the impact of war, fragmented urban management, and inadequate supervision of urban development projects. The aim of this study was to examine the factors that impact the physical development of Ilam City.

This study employed an applied research methodology and was done in Ilam City over the period of 2023-2024. The study instrument employed was a questionnaire developed by the researcher. A compilation of criteria and indicators that impact physical development was made in order to create the questionnaire. Consequently, a survey comprising of 34 questions was created, utilizing a Likert scale with four response alternatives. In order to evaluate the questionnaire's validity, it was administered to a group of 18 specialists. A comprehensive questionnaire consisting of 5 indexes and 30 components was compiled and thereafter delivered to the inhabitants. The sample size was calculated to be 357 persons using the Cochran formula. The study samples were chosen by the method of simple random sampling. The data were evaluated using statistical methods such as a t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression coefficients.

The physical development of Ilam City was found to have a substantial correlation with several aspects, including economic, social and cultural, environmental, physical, and managerial factors. The physical evolution of Ilam City was primarily influenced by environmental (natural), economic, managerial, physical, and social and cultural aspects, in that order.

the physical development of Ilam City has been mostly influenced by environmental variables.

Poverty is one of the most important consequences of the unfair distribution of incomes among people in the society. The continuation of poverty leads to severe environmental tensions that sometimes involve the entire society. This article has been carried out with the aim of investigating the effects of deprivation-removal programs in promoting environmental sustainability in Qaleh ganj city.

The research method is in the form of library studies and field surveys. The statistical population of this research is 80 thousand people in the city and simple random sampling has been chosen to determine the number of people. The necessary information to obtain the results was obtained through a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to determine the reliability of the researcher's questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was used, and its validity was checked through content and exploratory validity.

The conclusions show that the presuppositions related to the tests have an appropriate level and the relationship of deprivation with environmental dimensions, respectively, 0.52, 0.38, 0.49 (land, water resources and genetic resources) were related.

The results showed that water resources, trees and pastures are in an unstable state and the only factor that has a relatively stable state is the soil. At the same time, the amount of electricity consumption, urban solid waste and greenhouse gas emissions are at the optimal level from the environmental point of view of the city. The implementation of deprivation programs in the promotion of environmental sustainability in Qaleh ganj city has grown from an unstable situation to a relatively stable one.

Due to the increasing incidence of floods, particularly in urban areas, and their associated risks to life, finance, and the environment, zoning flood-prone locations is of utmost importance. Therefore, current descriptive-analytical research aims to identify effective variables in flood risk zoning and assess the vulnerability of Ilam City to flood risk. The study identified factors affecting flood vulnerability zoning based on 11 variables sourced from different studies. The AHP method was then used to assess the opinions of 73 experts and weight experts, in relation to each variable, through the Export Choice software. Finally, the FAHP method was employed alongside GIS software to generate maps showing Ilam city's flood risk vulnerability zoning. When zoning Ilam city's vulnerability to floods, we examined 11 variables. Of these, three variables stand out: distance from waterways, with a weight of 0.244; distance from the river, with a weight of 0.126; and slope direction, with a weight of 1.102. These variables play a key role in determining the vulnerability of Ilam city to floods. A significant portion of Ilam city, spanning 1687 hectares, exhibits a high susceptibility to flood hazards due to its unique topographic and geologic features. The analysis of flood risk zoning in Ilam city indicates that the northwest, west, southwest, and south regions experience a lower level of vulnerability than other parts of the city. Conversely, a significant portion of the central, eastern, and northeastern regions of Ilam are vulnerable to such risks. In the following, suggestions have been made to reduce the vulnerability of Ilam city to floods.

One of the issues that most cities in the world are dealing with is natural disasters that occur suddenly and cause damage to humans and the environment.Due to their unexpected nature,these risks in most cases cause a lot of financial and human damage.In the present research,the resilience of Kermanshah city against natural disasters has been examined.From the point of view of the goal,this research is a cognitive research.Data has been collected using questionnaires and field visits.The research sample is15 people who are experts and experts in urban management structure.Data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling has been used to examine research hypotheses and interactions between variables.The findings of the research indicate that there is a relationship between the four dimensions of resilience (physical,economic,social and institutional)in the resilience of Kermanshah against natural disasters.The unfavorable condition of the neighborhoods and inadequate access to the facilities and services of rescuers are among the features of this city that have affected its resilience.The general results of the research indicate that the city of Kermanshah has low resilience against natural hazards and requires serious attention to its various dimensions, especially the physical-environmental aspect of the city.The city of Kermanshah is one of the cities that,due to its climatic and geographical conditions,requires high urban resilience in order to be able to withstand natural disasters,especially earthquakes and floods.Paying attention to urban resilience in Kermanshah greatly reduces life and financial risks and strengthens crisis management.

One of the areas of unsustainable urban development, especially in developing countries, is informal settlements, which have been formed due to the inability of urban policies to solve the housing problems of vulnerable groups and control migration. Informal settlements are associated with a concentration of low-income groups, often with informal occupations and unsustainable urbanization, and are the cause of many social ills due to their isolation. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose, descriptive-exploratory method in terms of method, and in terms of how to collect the required information and data, it is considered as field and survey research, as well as for collecting data from a questionnaire Open and closed) has been used. In this study, 11 informal settlements in Khorramabad with emphasis on the spread of poverty were examined by statistical tests using descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this study was calculated based on Cochran's formula of 384 people and the information was obtained through a questionnaire. The results indicate that according to the studies and statistical tests performed (T - TEST, F and TUKEY) and the results obtained, it can be said that there is a significant difference between the studied neighborhoods in terms of security situation and The studied neighborhoods are not in a good condition in terms of security level. Falakuddin neighborhood and Garm Sharghi valley have the least security and Gol Sefid and Asadabadi have the most security.

Earthquake is always one of the most important Hazardsin the country, which imposes a lot of human and financial losses annually. The results showed that the most important strengths of crisis management include the assistance of non-governmental organizations with a weight of 0.883 and the participation of citizens with problems weighing 0.846. Also, the most important weaknesses were the lack of integrated urban management with a weight of 0.929, the lack of sufficient operational force to respond to the earthquake with a weight of 0.923 and the low awareness and knowledge of the people in the face of crisis with a weight of 0.901. At the level of opportunities, the allocation of financial resources to worn-out fabric with a weight of 0.883 and continuous monitoring of the full implementation of the building regulations with a weight of 0.863 and in the field of threats, the reduction of the motivation and interest of volunteer and public forces with a weight of 0.899, and The prevalence and increase of urban crimes with a weight of 0.853 have been ranked first and second.

The growth of Kermanshah urban population and the rapid process of migration from rural areas, has led to the development of cities and the emergence of new urban areas and has led to some urban environmental problems. Therefore, considering the vulnerabilities of urban environment in Kermanshah metropolis and the intensification of its degradation in recent years, the present study has assessed the situation of urban areas in Kermanshah in terms of sustainable development indicators. The most important question addressed in this article is: What is the situation of Kermanshah urban areas in terms of sustainable development indicators in various dimensions (social, economic, environmental and physical)?

The present research is methodologically descriptive-analytical and applied targeting. Data collection in this research has been done through library studies and surveys. A field study used a questionnaire and the data collection tool is a questionnaire that was conducted in in Kermanshah. The statistical population of this study includes citizens living in Kermanshah. The number of selected samples according to the population of people in Kermanshah in and based on the Cochran's formula with an error of and a confidence level of , was estimated at people. The sampling method is random. Research has been done in economic, social, physical, environmental and managerial dimensions.

Accordingly, emphasizing the management structure in the city of Kermanshah and paying attention to it in the dimensions of sustainable urban development is more necessary than other sectors of sustainability. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the status of indicators and dimensions of sustainable development in Kermanshah and their differences in urban areas. The means obtained were in the numerical range of . to . . The highest average for economic dimension was . for region one and the lowest average for economic dimension in region was eight times. To examine the indicators of sustainable development in Kermanshah based on regions, analysis of variance was performed at a significance level of . Based on the results, the f-statistic for social, economic, physical-spatial, environmental and managerial dimensions was obtained at a significance level of p≥ . . 

Conclusion:

Findings indicate that social, economic, physical, environmental, physical and managerial dimensions in Kermanshah are in an unfavorable situation. Also, it was found that the situation of the management dimension in region one is significantly different from other regions and the region is in a more favorable situation in terms of management structure than other areas of Kermanshah. Zone two has a more favorable situation than zones five, seven and eight and is in a relatively similar situation compared to zones three, four and six. Zone three was in a better position than Zones five, seven, and eight, in a more unfavorable position than in zone four, and in a relatively similar position compared to zone six.

The city of Kermanshah, due to the large increase in population and unbalanced expansion, has many issues and problems related to sustainable urban development. With the increase in population growth rate in recent decades, the city has witnessed unequal urban spaces, so that the areas of the city show an inequality trend in terms of development indicators. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate sustainable development based on structural equation model in Kermanshah. The type of research is applied and the method of its study is descriptive-analytical. Documentary and field methods have been used to collect information and data. The study area is Kermanshah and the statistical population of the study includes 946,651 citizens of Kermanshah, of which 356 were the sample size selected by Cochran's formula, which was distributed using a simple random sampling method. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. Data analysis tools are SPSS and Amos software. The results of one-sample t-test, at a moderate or normal level, indicated that the social, economic, physical, environmental, physical and managerial dimensions in Kermanshah are in an unfavorable situation. Therefore, the situation of the management dimension in the eight districts of Kermanshah was more unfavorable. Also, in this article, the deterrent and accelerating factors on the sustainable development of Kermanshah city have been studied using the structural equation model in AMOS software. Based on the results, it was found that all research indicators have a significant effect on sustainable development in Kermanshah. The most important accelerating factor in sustainable urban development in the study area is the managerial factor. Based on the results, the factor load or regression weight for the managerial factor was 0.87 at a significance level of 0.000. After the management factor, the physical factor with regression weight was 0.8. The factor load or regression weight of the environmental factor was 0.77, the economic factor was 0.75 and the social factor was 0.69.

Technology evolves rapidly; But changes in social institutions are slow and the result of this is creating a gap between the systems of the society. Khorramabad city, which has major urban issues in sectors such as transportation, urban environment and urban services. The aim of the research was to investigate the impact of the role of information technology in regional development in Lorestan province. The purpose of the research method is practical and descriptive-analytical and survey in nature, and the data was collected by documentary and field method (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research was 384 citizens and 20 specialists, urban affairs experts and university professors related to the subject, who were selected by simple random sampling. In order to determine the validity, the questionnaire was given to professors and experts, and some items were modified with their opinion and its content validity was confirmed. The reliability of the research tool (questionnaire) was evaluated with SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha test was equal to 0.886; This value is suitable for research tools. Data analysis was done using AHP hierarchical process. Based on the method of analysis, infrastructure, access, socio-cultural and economic dimensions are examined and analyzed.

Providing housing in the form of neighborhood-oriented, citizen-oriented, law-oriented planning is more important than ever before. On a macro scale, the planning and management of micro-urban units will have better and more tangible and far more presentable and understandable results in improving the quality of life of the citizens of Arak. The aim of the research was to investigate the supply of urban housing in the form of neighborhood-oriented planning in Arak city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data is collected by documentary and field method (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research was 384 citizens and 10 specialists, urban affairs experts and university professors related to the subject, who were selected by simple random sampling. In order to determine the validity, the questionnaire was given to professors and experts, and some items were modified with their opinion and its content validity was confirmed. The reliability of the research tool (questionnaire) was evaluated with SPSS software and the Cronbach's alpha test was equal to 0.896. This value is suitable for research tools. Data analysis was done using the factor analysis process. Based on the method of analysis, physical-infrastructural dimensions with coefficient, transportation system, safe housing, environmental, management, local community, identification and location and access respectively, (28/95), (6/16), (7.34), (5.29), (6.83), (6.83), (5.14) and (5.93) percent of the variance explained.

The significance of assessing livability lies in its capacity to unveil the economic, social, and environmental characteristics of a region. In this descriptive-analytical research, the focus is on investigating the subjective dimension of livability in Kermanshah metropolis. Employing a survey method based on a questionnaire, the sample size of 384 people was determined using the Cochran method, with samples selected based on the population of each region. After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, citizens' responses were entered into SPSS21 software to calculate the average of each index in the regions. The indicators were weighted using the Shannon entropy method. Livability status in the urban regions of Kermanshah was then examined using planning techniques such as TOPSIS, VIKOR, and SAW. Given the different ranking results provided by these techniques, the research employed the method of percentage and intensity of changes to identify the most suitable technique for measuring and ranking livability. Results reveal that, according to TOPSIS and VIKOR techniques, livability in most metropolitan regions of Kermanshah is unfavorable, with only region 5 deemed suitable. Conversely, the SAW technique evaluates the livability as favorable. Through the change percentage method, it was determined that the TOPSIS technique is more suitable for ranking and measuring the livability of Kermanshah metropolis. The research concludes with suggestions for enhancing the livability of Kermanshah metropolis.

What all municipalities are looking for in the field of income is to create a systematic and coherent structure that will lead to sustainable income for the municipality. One of the important issues that are discussed and focused on in most cities of the world is earning a stable income to cover the cost of urban services. The aim of the research was to investigate the role of municipalities in creating sustainable urban employment and income, considering the environmental and urban capacities of Hamadan city. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the data was collected by documentary and field method (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research was 20 specialists. Data analysis was done using AHP hierarchical analysis process. The research results showed that in relation to the research topic, region (1) with the highest score (0.482) in the first priority and regions 3, 2 and 4 with scores (0.202), (0.199) and (0.117) respectively, in the priorities They are placed next.

Resilience is a form of foresight due to the dynamic nature of society's response to events and helps to expand policy options to face both uncertainty and change. The aim of the research was to investigate and spatially analyze resilience indicators of urban areas of Bushehr. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data is collected by documentary and field method (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research was 30 specialists, urban affairs experts and university professors related to the subject, who were selected in a purposeful way using available-non-probability sampling. In order to determine the validity, the questionnaire was given to professors and experts, and some items were modified with their opinion and its content validity was confirmed. The reliability of the research tool (questionnaire) was evaluated with SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha test was equal to 0. 886; This value is suitable for research tools. Data analysis was done using Vicor's multi-criteria decision-making process and Shannon's entropy method. According to Shannon's entropy method, physical-infrastructural, institutional, economic and social dimensions have the weight of (0. 806), (0. 512), (0. 110) and (0. 95), respectively. The results of the current research, based on the Vicor model, showed that, in total, physical-infrastructural, institutional, economic and social resilience in the city of Bandar Bushehr with an index average of (4. 71), (3. 84), (3) respectively. ) and (2/01), is in an unfavorable situation.

The tourism industry is growing rapidly in the world today within the framework of certain spatial patterns. One of them is tourism on the sea coast. Sea and coast have a great opportunity for tourism development and coastal tourism is considered as one of the most important models of economic development and employment creation. In this type of tourism, tourists travel to coastal areas to see beaches and use coastal facilities. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to provide an integrated management model of coastal tourism, the case study of the beaches of Bandar Abbas city. The mixed research method is qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population of the current research in two quantitative and qualitative parts includes experts in the field of tourism and all tourists who traveled to Bandar Abbas city between April 1400 and Shahrivar 1400 and were considered tourism, in this research using random sampling and volume calculation a sample of 325 people were selected as subjects. In the following, using the factor analysis model, in which the factors were: structural (factorial factor 0.43), behavioral (factorial factor 0.62), environmental (factorial factor 0.38), the indicators of the integrated coastal tourism management model, the studied beaches the city of Bandar Abbas was determined. Among the 54 items, considering that all the factor loadings were above 0.6, therefore none of the factors were eliminated, all three components, under the title of factors of the integrated coastal tourism management model,.

Housing is one of the most basic needs of human life and is considered as the smallest component of settlements and is still recognized as the most important need of new societies. Providing this need is always more vital for vulnerable groups. The present article was formed with the aim of adapting the strategy of the national housing movement plan to the neighborhood-oriented planning system in Sanandaj city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the research data was collected by library and document method and using a questionnaire. The results of this research showed that the combined SWAT-EHP method was used to present the strategy, which first included the qualitative part and Then a quantitative SWAT part was performed. After determining the internal and external factors and then formulating 4 strategies based on relative weighting (AHP) and absolute weighting of the weighting factors and then the strategies were determined, and based on the value obtained for each strategy, its priority was determined. The chosen strategy in this research is the WO strategy, which is the strategy of adaptation or minimizing weaknesses and making the most of opportunities. The proposed strategy is economically oriented and based on long-term and continuous planning. Considering the size of residential units, the uniformity of patterns used in the design of residential units, services, etc. (especially in complex buildings), it seems that the voids governing the said housing pattern are not taken into consideration. Provision of public spaces and services in this

The importance of cities as the dominant form of human settlements is clear, on the other hand, the vulnerability of cities is increasing despite the natural disasters that have occurred in recent years. Today, the occurrence of natural disasters and the damage caused by these accidents have made making cities safer, becoming a long-term but achievable challenge; So that in order to quickly return to the pre-crisis situation when natural hazards occur, urban communities are determined to reduce the damages to some extent. Meanwhile, resilience is an important way to strengthen urban communities by using their capacities. The purpose of the present study is to identify the indicators of urban resilience to natural disasters. This research was conducted based on the development goal and "descriptive-analytical" nature in the survey method in 1401 in the city of Kermanshah. Data were collected using document reviews and questionnaires. The sample size was determined by using the census method, 20 people. Judgment sampling and snowball sampling were used for sampling. The data from the fuzzy Delphi method were analyzed to identify 38 sub-indices effective in resilience against natural disasters, weighting the factors or criteria of the proposed model and classifying them into four general groups: structural-physical, management-policy, socio-cultural and economic. After ranking the resilience indicators of Kermanshah against natural disasters, it was determined that the structural-physical index ranked first, the managerial-policy index ranked second, the economic index ranked third, and the socio-cultural index ranked fourth. The results of the examination of the sub-criteria related to the physical criterion showed that among the resilience indicators, the physical index was the most effective, therefore the zoning of the city of Kermanshah based on the level of physical resilience and active urban participation and sharing experiences to increase the resilience of the city of Kermanshah and lay the groundwork for Attracting participation and preparing people to face critical times seems necessary.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of deprivation alleviation programs on promoting social and economic sustainability in Qaleh-Ganj as a pilot for the country's resilient economy. The research method in this study was conducted through library studies and field investigations. The statistical population of this study was all individuals in Qaleh-Ganj, which is approximately 80,000 people, and simple random sampling was used to determine the number of selected individuals. The necessary information for obtaining results was gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, and content and exploratory validity were also investigated. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical software through correlation and regression tests. It should be noted that the morphology of the city under study and the structural analysis of Qaleh-Ganj were examined to analyze the data. The findings showed that the assumptions related to the tests are appropriate. Deprivation alleviation was estimated to have a correlation with economic dimensions (savings, credits, income, employment, and insurance) of 0.73, 0.71, 0.61, and 0.39, respectively. Social dimensions, including networks, social participation, and social cohesion, were estimated to have correlations of 0.67, 0.79, and 0.61, respectively, with deprivation alleviation. The capacity and potential of the city had a coefficient of 0.67, indicating that they significantly influenced the success of deprivation alleviation programs. Therefore, deprivation alleviation in Qaleh-Ganj is a function of the potential and existing capacities at the city level and its sphere of influence, and investment must be made to reduce poverty and deprivation by focusing on these potentials.

Structural vibrations caused by earthquakes, wind or other factors can be controlled by various methods. The conceptual approach of structural control includes changes in member stiffness, structural mass and damping to deal with forces passively, semi-actively and actively. Until today, a number of these structural control methods have been successfully used and researchers are promoting methods to increase their applicability and scope by improving performance.In recent years, researches have significantly been focused on the development and expansion of structural control methods and equipment. Also, in the last three decades, many efforts have been made to transform the conceptual approaches of structural control into usable and practical technologies in structures. It has been clarified that the structural control is one of the important and key points in the design of new structures and a suitable solution for improving structures against wind and earthquake loads. However, until today, most of the existing programs and strategies have led to the use of passive mass dampers or isolation of vibrations from the base. Over the past years, various control equipment and algorithms have been proposed, each of which has its own advantages according to the required performance and the part used.Semi-active control systems are a separate and emerging example, similar to active control systems. In this control system, the required external energy is much less compared to the energy controlled by the structure. Basically, the semi-active control system does not introduce external energy into the structural system, so the output band of the structure's seismic response is guaranteed [1].The resistive force or energy dissipation is determined by the internal mechanism of the system members based on the feedback of external or internal sensors. Therefore, this system has combined the advantages of passive and active control systems. Studies have clearly shown that the use of semi-active control equipment and systems has been significantly better than passive control systems in reducing the seismic response of structures, and this system has the ability and potential of this has the ability to perform at the same level or even better than active control systems [2].In this study, the use of electromagnetic force in the friction damper has been considered and a controllable friction damper has been introduced. In this damper, electric current changes are used to change the force perpendicular to the sliding surfaces of the friction plates. In this method, by using powerful electric magnets that require little electrical energy and by controlling the intensity of the passing current, the function of the friction damper is controlled. For this purpose, taking into account the magnetic behavior of the material and using computer modeling, in addition to validating the analytical results, the behavior of this electromagnet was analyzed parametrically and the test results confirmed the proper behavior and controllability of this damper. To change the force perpendicular to the surface of the electromagnets, using electronic circuits, the current passing through them was changed from zero to 1.5 amps, and the maximum force produced by the damper reached about 1200 N. The electric power needed to create the maximum power capacity was measured to be 8.5 watts. Also, the response time of power generators to current changes was measured to be maximum 56 milliseconds to reach the maximum capacity and 68 milliseconds to reset the damper force. The results of this study showed that this type of power generator has the ability to be used in the direction of semi-active structural control. The analytical and experimental results of electromagnets showed that the maximum tension perpendicular to the surface that this type of power generator can create is around 10 kg/cm [22].

The rapid growth of urbanization, centralized planning and lack of participation of people in decision-making, has caused many problems in the management of cities that these problems can not be solved with traditional management and only by using new management methods can overcome these problems. The city of Arak has various problems such as marginalization, air pollution, traffic, expensive housing that using a good governance model can be one of the appropriate solution to overcome these problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes of lake of good urban governance in the city of Arak through functions affected by the performance of urban management and the level of participation of institutions and citizens in the affairs of the city. The research is applied in terms of implementation method. The information was collected through two methods of documentation and a researcher-made questionnaire with a Likert scale of 5 options. The sampling method is research that 384 citizens were selected using the Cochran’s formula. The results show that in the indicators of good governance after T-tese, the value of obtained is equal to 0.05, which indicates that the lack of good urban governance in the city of Arak. The results obtained from the data analysis in LISREL software show that the hypotheses are significant at the error level of 0.05, so the research hypotheses are accepted and confirmed. Therefore, it can be said that the city of Arak is not in a good position of the indicators of good urban governance.

In any crisis, a set of factors increase the risk of critical effects and make it difficult to control the crisis. In fact, passive defense as a logical insight and an important tool to prevent potential threats and provide individual and group security, security Demographic centers and equipment-sensitive facilities and crisis vulnerability reduction are used.The present study, which is an analysis of the threat network and flood risk ring in land use vulnerability with an approach to passive defense and urban resilience in Ravansar, deals with the impact of deployment and optimization of land uses and the strategic role of passive defense in urban resilience. The type of research in this article is descriptive-analytical according to the nature of the subject. The results show that in case of floods in Ravansar, the most vulnerable will be in Gol Sefid neighborhood. The formation of a part of the neighborhood in the river bed and characteristics such as rural texture with high population density, impenetrable, fine-grained and failure to follow any principles of urban construction has increased the vulnerability of this place. Also, Bahar, Behdari and Boulevard neighborhoods have high flood potential and less resilience due to the low slope and high water table and location in the source of Sarab Ravansar and the junction of Asem Abad rivers from the west side and Khashkehrood from the northeast side.

One of the most important challenges in contemporary cities is the identity crisis that is affected by the lack of sense of place, belonging to the place, and attachment to it. In this regard, new towns have been exposed to a lack of identity more than others due to less residential background. On the other hand, understanding and analyzing the effective factors of the sense of place in new towns have significant effects on solving the existing issues. For this reason, it is a must to study the current situation of new towns. So, this study aims to compare the sense of place among three new towns around Tehran, namely Pardis (phase 1), Parand (phase 2), and Andisheh (phase 3). The method of this qualitative study is descriptive-analytical based on documental studies and surveys. In this study, reviewing the literature shows that sense of place is a subjective concept that is derived from objective aspects. This sense depends on both individuals who percept it and the characteristics and situation of the place.  The data (based on respondents who were residents of case studies by sampling) were analyzed using the TOPSIS technique. The results show that the sense of place in phase 3 in Andisheh new town is more than that in the two others that is because of the higher quality of the physical and spatial environment and also adaptation to standards and principles of urbanism. So, improving the physical and spatial qualities in new towns in particular in the field of various activities (mix land use) that are responding to the daily needs of residents, high quality of infrastructures such as roads, facilities, and equipment, considering to order, harmony and human scale of the space during planning and designing, making the spaces attractive for increasing the presence and high-quality urban furniture can increase a sense of place that leads to identity in these areas.