علی احسانی

Social capital is defined as a set of environmental characteristics and social relations that lead to the achievement of common goals and interests within the organization. To achieve its goals, the university of medical sciences must adopt an appropriate social capital model.

This research is developmental and applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data nature. Social capital shaping factors were classified using interpretive structural modeling (ISM), and the factors were stratified using cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis. The population of this research consisted of faculty members from  Iran University of  Medical Sciences, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Sampling was conducted using a theoretical method, and a total of 15 professors were interviewed until data saturation.

The dimensions of social capital include identity at level 1, trust and commitments at level 2, common language, identifiers, and culture at level 3, network links at level 4, configuration of network relationships and proper organization at level 5, and norms at level 6.

The dimensions of configuration of network relations, proper organization, and norms were placed in the driver cluster, which includes variables with the lowest power of dependence and the highest power of influence. It is suggested that universities clearly define the norms; create a flexible structure; develop stronger bonds among employees; broden networking; emphasize the commonalities among employees; provide clarification; promote group learning, and foster trust and commitment among employees.

The oxygen generator candle, having pyrotechnic functional mechanism, is one of the common systems for supplying oxygen in military and civilian planes, submarines, spacecraft, etc. The thermal decomposition of chlorates and perchlorates during the combustion of the candle releases chlorine gas as byproduct. The high adsorbability and catalytic activity of MOF compound has permitted us to developed a free chlorine electrochemical sensor in water. For this purpose, ZIF-8 compound was synthesized in which CuO nanosheets was incorporated to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for free chlorine determination. FESEM, EDX, XRD, and FT-IR techniques were applied to characterize the fabricated ZIF-8 and CuO-ZIF-8 composites. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been used for the electrochemical characterization of CuO-ZIF-8/GC modified electrode and demonstration of sensor's ability to measure the free chlorine. Using differential pulse voltammetry and under optimal conditions, the prepared CuO-ZIF-8/GC modified electrode showed a linear response in the range of 0.25 to 60 ppm with a detection limit (LOD) of 12 ppb towards free chlorine concentration.

Lack of financial literacy leads to poor financial decisions, which is harmful to individuals and society in general in complex financial markets. The aim of the present study is to investigate the mediating role of risk tolerance in the relationship between financial literacy and investment performance in the Tehran Stock Exchange.

This study is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study is stock market investors living in Isfahan with at least one year of experience in the stock market. The available sampling method was used in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect data, the validity of which was confirmed by calculating convergent and divergent validity and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha index. In statistical analysis, the structural equation modeling approach was used.

According to the results of the study, financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on investment performance and risk tolerance of shareholders in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, risk tolerance has a positive and significant effect on the investment performance of Tehran Stock Exchange shareholders. In addition, financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on the investment performance of Tehran Stock Exchange shareholders through the mediating role of risk tolerance.

Originality/Value: 

One of the important concerns of stock exchange activists is successful investment in this financial market. This article discusses the concept of financial literacy as an important skill for enriching individuals' financial well-being and success in investment.

 It is unlikely that the population growth rate has stayed steady in recent years, given the present situation in Iran. There has been a slight rise in population growth over the past 60 years, according to birth, mortality, and census results from 1956 to 2016.

Mathematical modeling is a common element of computer programs used to predict population growth. This model was applied as a useful and instructive tool in the present research to predict Iran's population until 2041.

The standard mathematical modeling approach predicted the total population using the data from Iran's 1956–2016 census using different mathematical modeling methods. The descriptive population growth prediction model (exponential) outperformed the other techniques in terms of compatibility with historical population data. Furthermore, it proved to be highly effective and appropriate for projecting Iran's population in the future. For the year 2041, the following population estimates were projected: A total population of 113,215,189, a male population of 57,366,315, a female population of 55,848,874, an urban population of 83,786,814, a rural population of 29,428,375, and a total population of Iran exceeding 100 million people during the year 2031.

Combining the exponential and hyperbolic extrapolation models allows for the prediction that Iran's population will increase to 159,852,540 people by the year 2075, which is twice as many as that of the 2016 census. Moreover, it is also feasible to calculate the approximate total population that lived 100,000 years before the 1956 census using mathematical modeling.

Cheese packaging as one of the processes has an important effect on increasing the shelf life and quality of cheese. The aim of this study was to package Iranian white cheese using edible coating based on whey protein isolate (WPI) containing different levels of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum L.) essential oil (CEO) (0, 1, 1.5 and 2%) during storage. Samples were examined for physicochemical, microbial and sensory changes during 60 days of storage. The chemical compounds of CEO were also identified by GC-MS. In the analysis of the chemical composition of CEO, two main compounds including α-terpenyl acetate (46.705%) and 1.8-cineole (27.415%) were identified. Examination of pH changes showed that the pH of all samples decreased significant during storage (P<0.05). On the last day of storage, the lowest amount of peroxide was in the cheese sample coated with 2% CEO (0.97±0.21 meq O2/kg). The results of changes in TBARS in coated white cheese samples during storage showed that two samples of white cheese coated with WPI enriched with 1.5 and 2% CEO had the lowest Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were from the 7th day to the end of the storage period. In microbiological analysis, the lowest population of total bacteria on the last day of storage was in the white cheese sample enriched with 2% CEO (2.431±0.56 Log cfu/g). The results of sensory evaluation showed that the edible coating based on WPI containing 1.5% of CEO had more desirable sensory properties than other coatings. According to the results of the present study, it can be stated that edible coatings containing plant essential oils can be used in packaging and coating of white cheese to increase its quality and safety.

Organizations are trying to improve performance in providing smart services. An intelligent Q&A system is a virtual assistant that is able to interact with users. The purpose of this article is to investigate whether the characteristics of the Q&A system can improve the performance of the tax organization.

First, the question and answer system on the web platform is provided to the taxpayers. The tool used to evaluate the components and sub-components was a researcher-made questionnaire. Formal validity measurement tool was used to assess the validity and Cronbach's alpha calculation method was used for reliability. Using Cochran's sampling formula, 384 taxpayers were determined as the statistical sample size. The data are then analyzed by modeling the structural equations of least squares to evaluate the model.

Features related to intelligent question and answer systems have a positive effect on improving organizational performance.

This study shows the importance and positive effect of organizational investment in accepting factors related to service intelligence and the effects of new technologies based on artificial intelligence to strengthen the client-organization relationship.

Sustainable innovation is necessary for organizational survival as well as success in the turbulent environment of digital era, particularly in the currentCOVID-19 epidemic crisis. Many of today’s innovations employ a combination of digital technologies while relying on telecommunications infrastructure besides Internet access. The COVID-19 crisis one-year experience has revealed that to what extent the innovations formed in the digital context have succeeded to enhance society’s resilience to this crisis. In this regard, the present study was aimed at providing a comprehensive model of innovations in the digital context and their role and effect on the COVID-19 crisis. Qualitative meta-synthesis was the main method of this research, in which the kappa coefficient was calculated to assess the model and Shannon entropy was calculated to specify the significance coefficient of the indices. To this end, the previous studies on digital innovations over the COVID-19 crisis were first extracted through searching for relevant keywords and 634 papers were found that 78 of which were finalized at four consecutive screening stages. Subsequently, the identified indices in different papers were coded and the main themes were identified through categorizing the codes. The results revealed that technologies based on artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, cloud technologies, and blockchain are the fundamental areas of digital innovation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, health, education, and business were identified as the key areas for applying digital innovations during the pandemic.

Prosciuttoes are compounds that have the general formula ABO3, such as YbMnO3. In this research, YbMnO3 nanostructure has been synthesized by electrochemical deposition technique which is the green simple and new method. Then, XRD, DSC, SEM and EDS characterization tests were performed on the synthetic sample and the obtained results were analyzed. In addition, the morphological and structural properties of the synthetic nanomaterial showed that the main product was YbMnO3, with a nanoscale agglomerated structure with a particle size estimated at 35.5 nm. Also, some mechanical quantities, such as stress, strain, lattice constants and particle size of the synthetic perovskite compound, are calculated using the Scherer equation and the Williamson-Hall method, and the results were obtained with the results (values) obtained from the XRD spectra. And SEM were compared. It is predicted that the result of this research can open new horizons in the low-cost synthesis of eco-friendly (green Chemistry) nanomaterials and nanoparticles.

There are various methods (such as halal, kosher and Stunning) for slaughtering animals in the world. Halal slaughter is one of the main methods used in Islamic societies to slaughter livestock and poultry. With the growing Muslim population of the world and the interest in practicing religious teachings, there is a large market for halal meat. Studies have shown that slaughter methods can affect the chemical and biochemical composition of meat, physical, microbial and sensory properties of meat after animal’s death.The present study was conducted in the form of a library study using related articles in databases and search engines. The halal slaughter method involves horizontal incision and amputation of the four vessels of the throat, trachea and esophagus, without the use of any type of stunning before slaughter. After slaughter, a large amount of blood gets out, complete bleeding during slaughter leads to better quality, increase shelf life and reduced meat and carcass defects. Halal slaughter can also protect human health against infectious diseases.

The results of this study showed, in general, halal slaughter is one of the best methods of slaughter due to complete bleeding, no pain and no presence of pathogens, as well as improving the safety and health of meat and increasing the shelf life of meat.

In general, halal slaughter improves the quality and safety of meat compared to other methods of slaughter.

To determine the phenological stages and plant height of three important range species Aeluropus lagopoides, Desmostachya bipinnata and Halocnemum strobilaceum, this investigation was carried out for four years starting in 2007 in Zaminsang Rangelands of Hormozgan province. In this study, the information about the phenology and plant height for 10 individuals of each species in 10-day intervals was measured and recorded. The results showed that phenological stages of three species were different in the study years, so that plant growth started 2-3 weeks earlier in wet years and later in dry years, while the duration of vegetative and reproductive activity of plants was different. The results showed that vegetative growth started with cooling of air and the onset of rainfall. The growth period of A. lagopoides, D. bipinnata and H. strobilaceum was 6, 6.5, and 10 months, respectively. The vegetative growth of A. lagopoides started from 22 December, whereas the vegetative growth of D. bipinnata and H. strobilaceum started from 20 February. The flowering stage started from April, June, and September, and the seeding stage from 22 April, 22 July, and 15 October, respectively. The dormancy period of plants started in 22 May, 1 September, and 22 December, respectively. Since Aeluropus lagopoides is a palatable and dominant species in the Zaminsang region, the time of arrival and departure of livestock is recommended to be late November to late May.

In water disinfection and treatment, rapid detection and monitoring of pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, as important water quality indices, are of prime importance. On the other hand, continuous monitoring and detection of pathogens have encountered the problems such as low concentration of bacteria and viruses in water, low sensitivity of the conventional detection methods, complex sample matrices and insufficient selectivity of the conventional methods, and inability of these methods in fast and cheap detection and continuous monitoring of pathogens. These indicate the importance of considering new sciences and technologies in fabrication of biosensors in order to achieve higher sensitivity, response rapidity, and selectivity. In this paper, briefly, new nanoscience approach and application of nanostructured materials in design and fabrication of nanobiosensors in order to detecting and monitoring of bacteria and viruses in water have been introduced and some examples of the applications of nanobiosensors have been also presented.

The purpose of this study was to predict organizational agility through job motivation and self-efficacy of the staff of the Education Office. The statistical population of this study included all employees of the Bardaskan Education Office in the academic year 2015-2016, of which 300 were reported. 170 Subjects were selected through voluntary sampling method and responded to job motivation questionnaire of Hackman & Oldham with Cronbach’s alpha=0/88, General Self-Efficacy with Cronbach’s alpha=0/85 and Organizational Agility questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha=0/85. Pearson correlation and multiple regressions were used simultaneously in version 20 of SPSS software for data analysis. The results showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between job motivation and organizational agility (P < 0.0001, r = 0.637), as well as between self-efficacy and organizational agility (P = 0.0001, r = 0.752). The results of regression analysis revealed significant beta coefficients for prediction of organizational agility on job motivation (P <0.001, β = 0.453) and self-efficacy (P <0.0001, β =0.445) was significant and these two predictors can explain 77% of the variance in organizational agility scores (P <0.0001, F = 230.37). The higher levels of job motivation help organizational agility by effectively orienting employees into organizational goals and self-efficacy by creating a sense of the effectiveness of employee behavior. The findings of this research are discussed in the context of the organization.

Concerning the importance of distilled water chemical specification, studying operational condition effect on product quality is extremely important in Utility Areas. Considering geographical locating of many chemical and petrochemical units in Iran, these facilities are forced to consume brackish water as feed for their utility. Hence, different challenges are formed compared with coastal units use sea water instead. Our sample during this study imports brackish water with E.C≈ 2500, T.H≈550 into the softener resin beds for feed water softening. Then the first R.O. unit is employed to produce DM water with E.C≈ 25, T.H≈0. Finally, the most valuable part of our production chain is another R.O. unit which supplies high purity Distilled water as the feed of Utility. There are several important parameters to evaluate permeate quality or the last unit’s performance including Anions concentration (Na, Ca, Mg, K) and Cations concentration (CO32-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-). Clearly. The most important parameter is supposed to be chlorine, Carbone and bicarbonate concentration which was studied during operational tests. Hence, the sensitivity of product quality with process variables such as feed pH, retention time, R.O. element pressure and temperature were examined and adjusted rigorously.

Yogurt is a fermented dairy product consumed worldwide. In the recent years, a novel product has been produced using probiotic bacteria known as probiotic yogurt which is beneficial and functional dairy product. Microencapsulation technique can lead to an increase in survival rate of the probiotic bacteria in dairy products during storage. In this research, the effect of sodium caseinate (0-3%) and microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the context of sodium caseinate- gellan gum were studied on the physicochemical properties (pH, apparent viscosity, water holding capacity (WHC) and synersis) and survival rate of the mentioned bacteria in the probiotic yoghurt during 21 days storage at 4˚C. The results of qualitative properties of produced yoghurt showed that by addition of sodium caseinate to milk, acidity, water holding capacity and apparent viscosity of yoghurt were increased during storage, but the amount of synersis was decreased. Results also showed that yoghurt samples containing encapsulated L. acidophilus had high apparent viscosity and WHC compared to the free form of the bacteria, while lead to less acidity and syneresis. According to the obtained results from microbial counts, microencapsulation of L. acidophilus and using sodium caseinate dramatically improved its survival during storage time, so that the highest number of bacteria survival at the end of day 21 belonged to the sample containing 3% sodium caseinate and encapsulated cells.

Nowadays consumption of edible jelly, in different age groups is increasing due to high consumer acceptability. In formulation of this product sugar and synthetic colorings could be replaced. In this study the effects of gelatin and pomegranate juice (as substitution of synthetic dyes and flavoring agents) in formulation of probiotic edible jelly during storage time were investigated. Optimization of the product formulation through independent variables including gelatin amount 2-5% and pomegranate juice amount 1-4% in edible jelly containing Lactobacillus paracasei was performed. Samples were manufactured according to a central composite design and were evaluated for thier physico-chemical properties, probiotic count and sensory characteristics. Considering hunterLab results, L value was decreased at early stage but by increasing storage time an improving trend was seen. The highest a value was also obtained at 5% gelatin. Pomegranate concentrate had significant effect on a value and it was decreased till 2.8% during storage. Interaction of gelatin-pomegranate on pH had a positive effect which led to an increment during storages. Maximum of acceptability was obtained at 2.8% pomegranate concentrate. By increasing gelatin amount, sensory scores of samples were decreased. Evaluating probiotic viability, maximum of proliferation was detected at 18 days. According to the results, application of probiotic and pomegranate concentrate in formulation of jelly could increase acceptability and health promoting effects and also improve physico-chemical properties of the final product.

The reduced biomass in forests and rangelands ecosystems for any reason can affect the process of carbon sequestration and as a result of global warming. This study was conducted to assess carbon storage under different grazing intensities in rangeland of Chah Mary dominated with Artemisia siberi in Khuzestan province. Three sites under heavy, moderate and low grazing intensities were selected based on similar topographic features (slope, aspect and elevation), rainfall, soil and climate. Plant sampling was done in key areas by random-systematic method along three transects of 100m and 60 plots of 1m2. Then, aerial and underground biomass parameters were evaluated in each plot and carbon was determined by ash method. The data were analyzed by SPSS v.16 software. According to the results, carbon sequestration decreased from 5704/3 in the low-grazing region to 3470/1 in the high-grazing region. Also, under low-grazing intensity, the carbon stored in aerial biomass and underground biomass was 4360/9 and 2180/5, respectively.

In this study, the impact of )1-Buthyl-3-methyl imidazoloum hexa fluorophosphatesas( a new inhibitor on the corrosion of stainless steel 316L (SS) in HCl solution was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Also, the absorption of inhibitor onto the SS surface followed the Langmuir absorption model with the free energy of absorption ΔG0adsof -8.57 kJ mol-1.
In addition, using density function theory (DFT) and atoms-in-molecule (AIM) theories, introduced by Richard Bader, which is a generalization of quantum theory to proper nano-size and molecular systems, the electronic organic-structure and local charge/energy transfer in the imidazole molecular system (as a organic-corrosion inhibitor element) are studied. In the same vein, the atomic electronic properties (such as electron density and its Laplacian), and the HOMO–LUMO gap (HLG) of this organic-molecular system are calculated. The results of the investigation show that proposed compound, as a commodious/economical -green inhibitor, has excellent inhibiting properties for SS corrosion in acidic solution. Furthermore, quantum mechanical results show that nitrogen atoms play domain role in intra-molecular charge and energy transfer (and thus electrochemical mechanism) in this inhibitor.

Influence of 2,3 dihydro-2-imino-3-p-tolylbenzo[d]oxazol-5-ol as a inhibitor on the corrosion of stainless steel 316L (SS) in HCl solution was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results of the investigation show that this compound has excellent inhibiting properties for SS corrosion in sulfuric acid. Inhibition efficiency increases with increase in the concentration of the inhibitor. The adsorption of inhibitor onto the SS surface followed the Langmuir adsorption model with the free energy of adsorption ΔG0ads of -7.25 kJ mol-1. Quantum chemical calculations were employed to give further insight into the mechanism of inhibition action of new organic inhibitor.

Fish is known as a perishable food because of its high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids and High quality protein. Accordingly, Edible coatings are used to delay spoilage and increase the shelf life of fish.
The aim of this study is, using sodium alginate containing alpha-tocopherol antioxidant in order to increase the shelf life of rainbow trout fillet at refrigerator temperature (2 ± 4 °C). In this study, trout fillets, first, were set in 6 orders including: treatments including control treatment, treatment with sodium alginate coating without alpha-tocopherol, treatment with sodium alginate coating containing 0.5%,1%,1.5% and 3% alpha-tocopherol, then stored at refrigerator temperature for 16 days in 6.These parameters were measured periodically (every 4 days): peroxide, free fatty acids, TBA and TVB-N. Statistical results demonstrated an increase in all value during storage time, and increasing trend in the control treatment slope was higher than other treatments. The lowest PV and TVB-N and TBA levels were observed in the treatment with sodium alginate coating containing 3% alpha-tocopherol. The treatment with sodium alginate coating containing 1.5% alpha-tocopherol had the lowest levels at the end of the storage time. According to the results of the present study, sodium alginate coating containing alpha-tocopherol reduces oxidation process in rainbow trout fillets stored in the refrigerator.

Phenology studies are one of the appropriate tools to determine the utilization time of rangelands.This research was aimed to study the phenology of Festuca ovina in the Bademestan rangelands of Zanjan province, located at 45 km northeast of Zanjan for four years. The results showed that the study species had a very special reaction to the rainfall amount and time, especially during the growing season i.e., from the onset of spring to July. In other words, no reproductive growth and formation of flowers were recorded in 2007-2008, whose rainfall was much less than average during the growing season (57.2 mm in the spring quarter). A sharp decline in rainfall during the spring caused the species not to complete its phenology and produce seeds. The year 2009-2010 had much less rainfall as compared with the year 2007-2008; however, due to the good rainfall in spring 2010, Festuca ovina could complete all phenological stages and flowering stage occurred. Therefore, it seems that the spring rains are vital for this species to complete the plant life cycle.

Fish are the major dietary source of the polyunsaturated fatty acid for humans. Therefore, protection of fish against all types of oxidative corruption seems to be necessary. Lycopene is the source of natural antioxidant. The present study was conducted to evaluate antioxidant properties of lycopene (using the method of DPPH) and the combined effect of its various doses (1.5 and 3%) and chitosan on fat oxidation parameters and fatty acids composition of Rainbow trout fillet. The analysis was performed after 0, 8 and 16 days of storage of the samples at 4°C to determine peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acid content (FFA). In addition, fatty acid compositions was determined by Gas chromatography assay. In control treatment, the fatty acid composition of Rainbow trout fillet was consisted of %20.6±0.03 saturated fatty acids (SFA), %43.81±0.04 monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and %32.83±0.03 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in 0 day. Statistical analysis showed that there were fewer changes in PV, FFA and proportion of fatty acids between chitosan and lycopene-chitosan treatment in regard to control sample during 16 days of refrigeration storage. Chitosan coated samples enriched with lycopene exhibited less rapidly lipid damages than all the other samples (p

Food-borne illnesses are major international public health concern and significant cause of reduced economic growth. Contaminated food is the usual source of human infections, and poultry and beef meat are considered the major infectious route for humans. Each year, millions of persons become ill from foodborne diseases, though many cases are not reported. To assess the microbiological quality and safety of beef and poultry meat and try to achieve the connection of its contamination with hygienic conditions of packaging and without packaging of food in this study we analyzed food borne pathogens (Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) in Gilan Province. A total number of 380 beef and poultry meat samples (with packing and without packaging) were collected and studied. Out of which 5/5 percent were founded contaminated with Salmonella 20.5 percent were founded contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus while 11.8 percent were founded contaminated with Bacillus cereus. Also 13.9 percent (beef meat) and 23.9 percent (poultry meat) were contaminated. The study confirmed the presence of Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in beef and poultry meat which is potential threat to consumer health. To reduce of contamination, good hygiene practices are necessary from processing to storage.