علی اصغر احمدی

The aim of this study was to design a model for empowering hospital managers with a productivity approach. The statistical population of the study includes experts (with at least 10 years of management experience in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and affiliated hospitals) and university professors. The statistical sample was selected by a purposeful judgment method of 14 people. Data collection tools included library studies and semi-structured interviews with experts. The validity of the interview questions was confirmed by the content method and its reliability was confirmed by the retest method (0.87). The empowerment model of hospital managers was drawn with a productivity approach, and at the end, a theory based on 18 theorems was created. Based on the calculated model, causal conditions (including "organizational foresight", "agile organizational structure", "transformational leadership", and "organizational opportunity for empowerment"), central category (empowerment of hospital managers), contexts (including "access to resources") "Empowerment", "Establishing an active motivational system", "Justice-oriented in the organization", and "Modeling the role for managers"), contextual factors (including "internal factor of empowering managers" and "external factor of empowering managers"), strategies (including "holding courses "Empowering managers", "Establishing a succession system", "Delegating and delegating responsibilities", and "Job value creation for managers"), and the consequences (including "individual productivity of managers" and "organizational productivity of managers") are explained in a paradigm model. Finally, the relationships between them were drawn in the selected model. Finally, suggestions based on strategies for implementing the model of empowering managers with a productivity approach were presented.

Mystical theories such as the unity of existence and annihilation seem to conflict with the issue of free will. The main aspect of the conflict is that it is thought that there is no trace of humans left in the mystical stages and positions so that free will can be proved for him. When the human is not present as the doer of the optional activities in the mystical stages, it is natural that choosing and selecting humans in these positions will not be meaningful. This study indicates that there is no conflict and confrontation with human selection in these theories. To prove this claim, firstly, the principle of conflicting theories along with the direction of conflict of each one is mentioned, and then a comprehensive philosophical redefinition of free will is presented by using the two elements of dignity and human nature to be under a coherent and integrated system and to have the power to support this superior human characteristic in all dimensions and levels. Philosophical semantics of free will be threatened by some rules when they are answered to fully support the redefinition and to resolve some mystical ambiguities in this direction, two key principles and rules " Subordination of knowledge from the known" and "Sir al-Qadr" are used. According to these two principles, no will create an obstacle to the freedom of human action and humans are responsible for their free choices at every stage.

One of the vital enzymes during spermatogenesis, which is one of the pluripotency factors of stem cells and contributes to maintaining their pluripotency is alkaline phosphatase. ZBTB16 and ZFP proteins are critical elements in stem cells which are expressed in pluripotent stem cells and maintain their pluripotency due to their role in messaging pathways.

The separation of the spermatogonial stem cells is the initial stage, followed by the preparation of the mouse embryonic stem cells and ES-like cells. The protein-protein network and the connections between genes were then investigated after alkaline phosphatase staining. Then, using the Fluidigm PCR method, the expression of the ZBTB16 and ZFP genes was determined. Finally, spermatogonia was immunohistochemically stained for the ZBTB16 protein.

Alkaline phosphatase was expressed positively by stem cell types; moreover, it was absent in Sertoli and fibroblast cells. Additionally, the specificity of these factors was demonstrated by the positive expression of the ZBTB16 and ZFP genes in these three cells and their negative expression in Sertoli cells. The connection and effect of these genes on the other genes are shown by the Protein-Protein network analysis.

Alkaline phosphatase, as well as ZBTB16 and ZFP genes are expected to be among the special markers of pluripotent stem cells and the critical elements of embryonic stem-like cells.

One of the challenging instances of the confrontation between tradition and modernity is Darwin’s theory of evolution. Traditional critics of the theory of evolution generally point to Lamarck and Darwin’s drawbacks from the perspective of biologists and conclude that the theory of evolution is wrong. In the philosophical-theological circles of Iran, Neo-Darwinism has been neglected. Criticism of the theory of evolution by deliberately neglecting Neo-Darwinism deceives the researcher into the fallacy of attacking the straw man. This article is written to eliminate this shortcoming. To narrow the scope of the research topic, Neo-Darwinism has been compared with Mullā Ṣadrā’s views. In this article, after a brief historical account of the evolutional approaches to human creation, Ṣadrā’s view on the human generation is presented and the two opinions are compared in different parts of the article. By explaining the criteria of Mullā Ṣadrā and Neo-Darwinists about the origin of man, the present study came to this main conclusion that these two ideas are compatible in material (natural) aspects but are different in trans-material aspects. This difference, however, does not lead to the contradiction between the two views. The paper uses the descriptive-analytical library research method.

In recent decades, empowerment of managers has become one of the main concerns of organizations. High workload, working conditions and competitiveness of organizations reveal the need for empowering managers. There are no comprehensive model or theory in that regard. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and identify the dimensions and components of empowerment of managers.

This study was done using a meta-synthesis approach. Systematic review of library studies and articles published in national and international scientific databases, including Migrants, Civilica, Noormags Emerald, ProCost, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Elment, Otad, and Sage (1977-2020) were searched to identify the components of empowerment of managers.

In literature, empowerment of managers is defined according to three concepts; comprehensive empowerment, constructive empowerment, and basic empowerment. Comprehensive empowerment includes psychological and structural empowerments. Comprehensive psychological empowerment consists of psychological components, job components, and personality traits.  Structural empowerment includes organizational components and educational and learning components. It should be noted that all these components have their primary themes.

All organizations are needed to carefully examine managers’ empowerment and benefit from the maximum power and capacity of managers’ talents by recognizing their strengths and weaknesses.

Breeding and use of resistant tomato varieties agaist  two-spotted spider mite, which is one of its critical pests in farms and greenhouses, require adequate knowledge of the effective factors of the crop in reducing the fitness of the pest as well as realizing the plant’s ability to mitigate the herbivore injury. Therefore, the host recognition and host acceptance of the mite and the host suitability of the plant and its responses to mite injury were assessed in laboratory by evaluating the behavioral and physiological responses of the mite and by measuring the physical and chemical characteristics of ten tomato varieties. Results showed that the mite colonization by using a free-choice test and the oviposition rate and  the population growth of the mite by using a no-choice test were significantly different on tomato varieties, indicating some degrees of antixenosis and antibiosis resistance mechanisms especially in Super-Luna and Super-Urbana varieties which also had higher densities of type IV and VI glandular trichomes. Phenol concentration were increased significantly after being injured by the mites in Cal-JN3, and Super-Urbana varieties and it showed significant negative correlations with mite densities. Varieties Cal-JN3, Super-Luna, Super-Urbana and Comodoro were placed in the resistant group, Super-Chief, Mobil-Royal, Queen-2274, and Primo-Early inside the intermediate group and Chef-Falat and Firenze in the sensitive group.

From View of velayat-e faqhih, aid and relief and rescue disaster victims is the duty of all sections of society and as a divine test which is focused on accelerating aid. The main objective of this research is to explain the discourse of velayat-e faqihthe on the Islamic Republic of Iran's Red Crescent using descriptive content analysis and discourse analysis by Laclau and Mouffe method. Based on these results, the nodal point in the discourse of Imam Khomeini is, "Islamic values and Humanities" And elements of the discourse are "human duty, valuable, valuable assistance, knowledge, piety in service, quality of work, Create protection, fast service, do a good job, accountability and commitment, faith" and moments in the discourse of "service, relief, public participation ' and its opposition is "Western humanitarian law, humanitarian slogans, selective relief ". Nodal point in the discourse of Imam Khamenei, "relief" and elements in this discourse of "helping the innocent, to serve veterans, earthquake relief, act quickly on tasks, help people to serve" moment in the discourse of "the contribution and cooperation ,confidence to people, satisfaction, good organization, lack of attention to ethnicity and identity politics in service providing relief services and its opposition is "claims to have human rights and humanitarian purposes by America and some Western governments" Based on the results of this study, it is suggested planning and necessary measures to complete domination of velayat-e faghih discourse on Red Crescent society and the implementation of its principles and its obstacles and removal of obstacles and challenges placed on top of the Red Crescent Society program and required efforts should be made to introduce the humanitarian discourse of velayat-e faghih to other countries.