علی انصاری جابری

Today, despite of emphasis on family-based care strategies, there is little understanding of the adult patient's perception of the presence of family members during emergency care and invasive procedures. The aim of this study was to comparing the effect of family presence and their training before the presence on the anxiety of patients undergoing invasive nursing procedures in the emergency department.

In this randomized clinical trial, 90 patients candidate invasive nursing procedures  and their family members were selected based on inclusion criteria and allocated randomly in three groups of 30 (with the presence of trained family members, with the presence of untrained family members And without the presence of family members) by   minimization method.  The data were analyzed by SPSS software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Chi-square test, Kruskal Wallis Independed-sample, paired sample t-test, and ANOVA at the significance level of 0.05.

The three groups were similar in terms of demographic variables. All three groups had significantly lower anxiety scores in the post-intervention phase than before the intervention (P= 0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean and the standard deviation of the patient's anxiety scores before (P = 0.131) and after the intervention (P = 0.309) in the intergroup comparison.

The presence of family members and their training before presence did not reduce the anxiety of patients under nursing invasive procedures.

  Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world. On the other hand, stress, anxiety, and depression are exacerbated by diabetes. Given psychological complications of diabetes, together with the education importance concerning the tactics to cope with, the present study aims to determine the effect of psychological training with progressive muscle relaxation on stress, anxiety, and depression in Diabetes Type 2 patients.   In this study, the educational trial control group included 60 patients with Diabetes Type 2 who were affiliated with the Diabetes Clinic of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. They were selected based on systematic random sampling from the records in the clinic and then divided randomly into two groups of intervention and control (30 in each). For the former, 12 sessions of psychological training with a progressive muscle relaxation technique were held, two sessions each weeks, and no intervention was performed for the latter. Data were collected using demographic (disease information) and DASS21 questionnaires. Data were analysed using Chi-square, Fisher's, Independent t-test, and Two-way ANOVA with Repeated Measurements before, immediately after, and three months follow-up. Results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression before, immediately after, and three months follow-up in the experimental group (p<0.050); however, no significant difference was found in the control group (p>0.050).   Psychological training intervention with a progressive muscle relaxation technique can improve depression, anxiety, and stress. Thus, the results of the study provide empirical support for the treatment in order to improve anxiety, depression, and stress.

Recently, peer-assisted teaching and learning has become very important in nursing. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the effect of peer-assisted teaching of a communication protocol on nurses' awareness and patients' satisfaction.  Nurses of the three hospitals Payambar-e-A'zam, Shafa and Azali Pour in the city of Kerman and 330 hospitalized patients in these three hospitals participated in this empirical study. At first, the awareness level of the nurses and the patients' satisfaction of these three hospitals were measured. Then, the three hospitals were assigned to one of the three categories of peer-centered, teacher-centered and the control. After teaching, satisfaction and awareness levels of the patients and the nurses were measured again. The collected data were compared in the SPSS software using ANOVA tests and paired t-tests. There was a significant difference between the patients' satisfaction level before and after teaching the communication protocol to the nurses in the two intervention groups, and satisfaction level increased. However, satisfaction level of the control group after the intervention not only did not increase but also significantly decreased. Also, there was no significant difference in the nurses' awareness before and after the intervention in the three groups. However, awareness after the intervention was different, in a way that the peer-assisted and the teacher groups had higher levels of awareness than the control group. In this study, teaching by teachers and peers increased patients’ satisfaction. However, the awareness of the nurses in the intervention groups was not different.

With the increase in the number of the elderly, the international community has paid special attention to improving quality of life in the elderly population. Educating healthy lifestyle behaviors can be effective in improving health indices; therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the effect of healthy lifestyle education programs on the quality of life and health indices of the elderly. This semi-experimental study was conducted on elderly people referred to four vocational gardens (parks) of the city of Rafsanjan. The data were collected using Richter sphygmomanometer, Easy-glucometer and Seca weighting devices and a demographic questionnaire. The intervention group (36 elders) received healthy lifestyle education during 8 sessions, each lasting one hour. The posttest outcomes were measured immediately and two-months after intervention the data were analyzed using version 18 of the SPSS18 by t-tests, fisher and chi-square tests. The mean of systolic blood pressure immediately (p=0.003) and two months after intervention (p=0.006) was significantly different. However, the mean of diastolic BP (p=0.003) and blood glucose (p=0.005) decreased significantly only two months after the intervention. Education can not only increase the knowledge but also improve the quality of life of elders. Therefore, it is suggested that healthy lifestyle education programs be conducted via relevant organizations for the elderly.

Introduction The LI4 and SP6 acupressure points are the most common points to relieve post cesarean pain, but there is no consensus on the preferred point of pressure. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to compare the effect of acupressure at LI4 and SP6 points on the intensity of post cesarean pain.

This double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 90 women referred to the maternity hospitals of Rafsanjan in 2017. They were randomly allocated into three groups: LI4 point, SP6 point and control group. Intervention was performed bilaterally, in 10 seconds of pressure and 2 seconds of rest for 20 minutes sequentially. In the control group, the points were touched with the same pattern without pressure. The intensity of post cesarean pain before, immediately and one hour after intervention was determined by visual analogue Scale in three groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and ANOVA and repeated measurement variance analysis. P< 0.05 was considered significant.

In this study, the mean score of pain at three times of measurement (the time effect) was significant different (p=0.33), but comparison of the mean of three pain score in each group was not significantly different with other groups (p=0.428). The result showed a decrease in pain score trend in the Li4 group during three time measurements and a decrease in pain score of in the Li4 group compared to the control group in 1 hour after the intervention (p=0.001).

The acupressure function at the LI4 point in relieving post cesarean pain is better than the SP6 compression point

Continuity of breast-feeding up to 6 months may be associated with some challenges for some mothers. Probably، the maternal personal characteristics such as their emotions can change the breast-feeding patterns. The aim of this study was to determine maternal affectivity and the pattern of breast-feeding. In this cross-sectional study، affectivity and beast-feeding patterns of 412 mothers was surveyed by Watson''s PANAS-X and researcher made questionnaires and through face to face interviews. Systematic random sampling was done by using health care centers list in last 6 months. Data was analyzed using chi-square test، t-test، Fisher''s exact and one way ANOVA test. Overall 69. 5% mothers had exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months. Mothers who had preterm infants had higher mean score of negative affectivity (p=0. 042) and those who had exclusively breast-feeding had lower mean score of negative affectivity (p=0. 005). The mean scores of positive affectivity in mothers who had been started the first breast-feeding during the first hour after birth، were higher (p= 0. 040). Mothers with negative affectivity might be considered as a predictive factor for her breast-feeding performance.

Heavy metals cause to nephrotoxicity in kidney tissue of human and animals through increased production of oxygen free radicals. Plants Antioxidants are of good choices for protection against the toxicity of these compounds. In the current study، the protective effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Artemisia was assessed on Mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity. In this study 28 male mice were used. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (N=7) as: 1 - Control، 2 - Mercuric chloride، 3 - Mercuric chloride with extract of Artemisia and 4 – Extract of Artemisia groups. Mercuric chloride and Artemisia extracts intra-peritoneal were injected with the dose of 1. 5 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 8 days، respectively. Then، blood samples were prepared and nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring serum urea and creatinine، using spectrophotometry (device SINCO) and specific kit (Pars test). Data were reported as Mean ± SEM via SPSS software. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test was used for data analysis and P <0. 05 was considered as a significant difference. Compared to the Mercuric chloride group، Artemisia extract caused a significant decrease in serum urea and creatinine in the combined Artemisia extract with Mercuric chloride group. Mercuric chloride also caused a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine in the Mercuric chloride group compared to the control group. Our results showed that the extract of Artemisia has protective effects against nephrotoxicity induced by heavy metals such as mercury.

Despite positive aspects of wide rang applications of detergents, a large number of these products are attributed to the several consumer's health problems. Women are the most domestic consumers. So in this study, women strategies for handling household detergents were surveyed. In this descriptive study, 349 women from health care centers were selected using stratified Random sampling method and their behaviours for handling household detergents by phone structured interview were surveyed. Data were then analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive statistics, χ2 and Fisher test. In 85% of houses, detergents were Stored in kitchen and 76.5% paid no attention to the detergent’s labels. Only 26.2% always were gloves. The rate of hand dermatitis and respiratory problems due to domestic cleaning was 41.2% and 17.5% respectively. Respiratory complications had a significant relationship with job (p=0.009), socio-economical statues (p=0.03) ignoring of the sefety rules regarding the storing of detersents and poor ventilation of the storing places (p=0.04). Women who mixed detergents without gloves had a higher rate of dermatitis (p=0.000). Handling of household detergents may expose women to the adverse physical and chemical effects of detergents which could be a serious public health concern.

Preterm labor is a major risk of public health and important neonatal morbidity and mortality factor in world. Despite introducing its several risk factors, in 50% of cases, its etiology is unknown. From biological point of view, preterm labor and primary dysmenorrhea share common triggering mechanisms so primary dysmenorrhea can be considered as a preterm labor's predictive factor. In this study the relation between primary dysmenorrhea and spontaneous preterm labor is looked through in primiparous women in Rafsanjan. This case control study was conducted on 412 primiparous women was referred to Rafsanjan’s Nick Nafs hospital in 2010. In this Case-Control study, 205 women in control group (term delivery) and 207 in case group (spontaneous preterm labor) was enrolled in Rafsanjan’s Nick Nafs hospital. Two groups were matched in age, socio-economical status, smoking and BMI. Data were collected with questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS software, student's t-test, X2 test, adjusted odds ratio and Logistic Regression. Logistic Regression test did not show statistically increased risk of preterm delivery in women with history of primary dysmenorrhea (odds ratio=1.12). The risk of preterm labor in women with history of mild or moderate and severe dysmenorrhea was slightly strengthened (1.26) but statistically non significant (P value=0.45). The exact biochemical mechanisms that cause primary dysmenorrhea and spontaneous preterm labor are unknown.

Inhaling Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS), as a world health problem, threats the community especially mothers and newborns. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of passive tobacco smoking during pregnancy on mother and newborns. In this Cross sectional study, in one year, 641 non smoking women who refered to Rafsanjan Nicknafs hospital for bearing a singleton baby, were interviewed at least two hours after delivery using a structured check list. Based on history of exposure to ETS, the study samples were divided into two groups and then maternal and newborn outcomes in the two groups were compared by t, Fisher Exact, χ2, and Pearson tests. Exposure to ETS was reported among 25% of respondents. The women exposed to ETS were less educated, multi gravid, had irregular prenatal care, older unemployed, lived in rural and in sum had low socio-economical status. They had higher rates of vaginal delivery) p=0.02), anemia (p=0.048 (and preterm delivery (p=0.002). But mother's exposure to ETS did not show any significant statistical relations with newborn weight, APGAR score, sex, anomaly and preeclampsia and the way of beginning the delivery Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in pregnancy probably increases the risk of preterm labor and maternal anemia.

Conceding the wide effect of high blood pressure on different organs of body & its different complications and as this disease doesn’t have any signs and people don’t aware about their dieses when they are affected by finger print & modifying the association between that & finger print, it is possible to diagnose the disease on them & take the right treatments. In this research which was case-control research we collected fingerprints from 100 persons that were at Ali-Ebn-Abitaleb Hospital and 100 normal persons that the same paper is used and characteristic in two group classified in 3 categories: whirl Arch loop and from the SPSS and t-test method was made for statistic analysis. Results showed from 2000 samples of finger print that were taken from 100 persons that had blood pressure and 100 persons that didn’t have blood pressure, the average loop fingerprint in blood pressure group was 3.82± 2.27 and in non blood pressure group 6.5 ± 1.81 that has the significance deterrence (P value=0.023). The average Whirl fingerprint in blood pressure group was 4.73 ± 2.59 and in none blood pressure group was 2.29±1.93 that has the significances difference (P value= 0.002) and the average arch finger print in blood pressure group was 1.43±1.55 and in none blood pressure group was 1.04+0.93 that has the significance difference. (P value=0.0001). Among fingerprints and high blood pressure are relationships and on the basis of the resolutions of research possibility of taking to high blood pressure in people that have whirl fingerprint is more.

While it's widely accepted that vaginal delivery is the best method of parturition, in most countries the cesarean rate has been growing over the past decades and in most cases it's performed only based on the women demand. Finding the reasons of women’s tendency toward cesarean may help to diminsh the rate of this delivery method. Therefor in the present study we tried to investigate the preference method of delivery and its relevant causes in view of pregnant women referring to public and private clinics in Rafsanjan. In this cross-sectional study, 256 pregnant women were continuously interviewed and their method of choice for delivery and their reasons were also investigated using a qustionnaire. Data were analyzed by t test, one way Analysis of Variance and χ2 test. The results showed that 31.25% and 68.75% of the participants choose Cesarean Section (C/S) and Normal Vaginal Delivery (NVD) respectively as a method of choice for parturition. 52.6% of those who have chosen C/S, believed that NVD is a painful and stressful method which cannot be tolerated whereas 42% of the second group believed C/S could be a high-risk and invasive method. Of the knowledge qustions, 45.5% were correctly answered by the participants. The most important reasons for choosing C/S among the participants were fear of severe pain during vaginal delivery and lack of knowledge about the complications of cesarean. In addition, it should be important for the health – policy makers to develop an awareness concerning the C/S complications and the advantages of NVD. Applying of pharmaceutical and non – pharmaceutial pain-relief methods may also change the attitude of women in favour of NVD.

One of the confirmed principle in modern education methods is planed teaching. This kind of teaching is based on education goals and wants to change behavior and practice of learners. According problems due to disproportion content of lessons to individual duty and responsibilities, it is necessary to define specified frame for each lesson. For implementation of this frame that named Lesson plan, cooperation of teachers is necessary. Therefore in this study importance of compliation of lesson plan and its obstacles for skill education view them assessed. This is a descriptive study that assessed importance of compliation of lesson plan and its obstacles for skill education view to Academic members Rafsanjan university of Medical Sciences. sampling method was census and dada gathered was by a questionnaire. Descriptive and analysis statistical methods was used for the data analysis. 51/1% of studies was female and 48/9%was male. 51/7%was in 30-40years. 91%were agree with compliation of checklist. 37/8%stated that they have a checklist for skills education. Means of total score of importance compliation of lesson planning was 36/38%and studies obtain 80/7%of total score. Absence of appropriate case according on plan had higher frequency(73/3%). Importance of compliation of lesson plan was clear for most of studies but it’s implementation has some obstacles therefore it is necessary to remove them with whole plans.

Teen age is one of the most critical ages in each life and teenager is passing over childhood and entrancing to a new phase in life to detect teen ages problems it is necessary to detect a generation that is experiencing a deep personality revolution cope with hoe if some effective factors in child personality development like parents environment, society, family and internal factors be organized in a way to help teenage finding identity and identification acute problems wont be created. But if this factors augment crisis susceptible teenage will be pushed to criminality or mal normal. Because in the presentation more than 20 million teenagers are living in our country and they make our society development power. Their attitudes and problems should be detected and their proper communication language should be finding too. Methods and tools: Study had too sampel first population consists of all criminal boy teens between 15-18 years old living in rehabilitation center of neck in the time of study. Second population was consisting of all boy teens between 15-20 years old that were studying in Mazandaran high schools. Data’s gathering method was self-reporting method. Surveyors gathered dates by filling demographic data questionnaire. MMPI test and eaysenk test them selves in one course. Discussion and According to this study finding most of the criminds have middle, neurotic, paranoid and anxious personality. This revels importance of psycho logic screening of the society teenager personality researcher proposes that parents control pattern on children should according to special logical philosophy and framework. Parents should control their children and have a special relation sleep with them. Schools and organizations should a good ethical and developmental function. Crime prevalence and should be restricted and so crime prevalence and ethical work on criminals is final target.

Backgroun and Depression is a common psychiatric disorder which has a great impact on human life. Data published by scientific sources suggest that about one hundred million cases are diagnosed annually. Depression comprises about 35 to 45% of all mental disorders in Iran. Unfortunately, this figure is rising day by day and it is necessary to present new ways and modern methods for treatment and prevention of this psychiatric disorder. One of the non medicinal methods of treatment is music therapy which seems to be a safe and effective therapeutic method. Reading the Koran with a nice voice can be regarded as a kind of agreeable gnostic music. The main purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the Koran reciting on depression. This study was a semi-experimental one and included all the depressed patients who had been hospitalized in the psychiatry department of Rafsanjan Moradi center. The sampling time period was one year. The patients were divided into two groups randomly, (30 people in the experimental and 30 in the control group). The selection of the subjects were based on the psychiatrist`s diagnosis, Beck`s depression test and condition of the patients. The questionnaires were filled out for the case group. Recitation of Yousof Verse of the Koran by Abdolbaset, was transmitted for the case group, for 15 minutes every other day for 7 sessions. At the end of the first two weeks of hospitalization, both of the groups were retested by another questionnaire and the results were analyzed by paired t- test and T-students by EPI 6. The result of this research showed that the Koran reciting had a beneficial effect on the depressed patients (p<0/0001). In our study the patients who expressed a strong belief in the Koran had greater differences in median depression scores before and after this kind of therapy. According to the results of this research and because of the rhythmic agreeable intonation of the Koran as a gnostic music and its miracle aspect, we can use the Koran tone as a non medicinal method of therapy in the treatment of depressed patients.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the world. Today in Iran depression constitutes 35-45% of psychaitric disorders which unfortunately, this rate is increasing. Therefore new methods for treatment and prophylaxis must be suggested. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of movement therapy on this burden in elderly women, convened at Mashhad, Toos elderly center. This study was a semi-experimental research. The sample size consisted of 30 women 60-74 years old. These individuals accomplished movment therapy program 30 sessions for 30-45 minutes every day in presence of the researchers. The depression score was measured by Beck test, and demographic data was collected by questionnaire. The depression score of samples was measured before and after the movement therapy program. The mean of the depression score was 20.87 before the movement therapy program and after the program it was decreased to 16.4. The results of this study showed that movement therapy program has decreased the depression score in the elderly women.