علی تقی خانی

The dissolution of contracts has many reasons. Some of the reasons for dissolution of contracts in Iranian and French law cause the termination of the transaction. Sale is a condition and condition is rescinded. In French law, the condition of rescission is similar to the option of a condition. It has not been done. Therefore, by using the descriptive-analytical method and by referring to the library and checking the available sources, we conducted a research in this field that basically what is the ratio between the condition of rescission and sale of the condition in the two laws. After the investigations, it was found that the condition of sale and the condition of cancellation are similar to each other in terms of the transfer effects on the sale and the price, but they are different in terms of authenticity and legitimacy in terms of narrative evidence, however, it seems that the legitimacy of the condition of cancellation Based on specific evidence indicating the condition of sale, it can be proved with a little tolerance. It was also found that the scope of influence and the possibility of cancellation of transactions based on the cancellation condition is more than the selling condition. In fact, the limits of authority to terminate the transaction in the sale of the condition are only in the seller's power and limited to the condition of transfer of the price, while in the condition of termination, the parties can cancel and there is no limit of transfer based on the condition of the price

Today, the centrality of military security is interwoven with biological and climate issues at the national and international levels, and more than ever, these aspects have received the attention of world leaders and politicians. In this direction and in order to investigate the major environmental issues and the impact of these issues on national security in a descriptive-analytical way and by referring to library sources and examining them, we are looking for an answer to the question that the impact of climate and environmental changes in to what extent is Iran's national security? This study showed that the security approach to the environment, in international law, has a fundamental place in the laws of countries. This issue has had a wide influence in the field of technology, business, industry, energy use. At the same time, work specialization and the growing role of social organizations in weakening the restrictions imposed by the environment have had a tremendous impact on the proliferation of security problems, and as a result, it has weakened the atmosphere of international relations between governments and sometimes led to conflicts. Is. This article also shows that in Iranian law, issues related to water shortage crisis and air pollution have an immediate and vital importance in terms of security and have managed to overshadow national security and authority

Today, the institution of civil liability is important due to the advancement of technology and communications. One of the most important issues can be considered the issue of civil liability arising from the extraction and sale of cryptocurrencies, so that this issue is not mentioned in our codified laws in Iranian law, and its generalities are generally mentioned in the laws. In this regard, it is important to examine the elements of civil liability of buyers and sellers, as well as the derivatives of this type of currency code.In some cases, governments and in other cases, individuals and legal entities are harmed in buying and selling such cryptocurrencies. Therefore, in this article, we will examine the civil liability resulting from the extraction and sale of cryptocurrencies in Iranian law, what are the conditions and what are the effects, and finally, what are the principles governing it. This issue has been studied by descriptive and analytical methods and we have found that there are no written rules for civil liability in extracting and selling cryptocurrencies in Iranian law and it has been relied on by the public and this issue has three pillars of civil liability. It is with different conditions, the theoretical basis of which is formed in Iranian law according to the theory of fault.

The extraction and sale of cryptocurrencies is one of the new topics that there are different sayings among contemporary jurists about its nature; Some have called it monetary and some have called it non-monetary. This is also the case among lawyers. Therefore, the issue discussed in the present study can be posed as: What is the jurisprudential and legal nature of the extraction and sale of cryptocurrencies? In response to the present problem, it can be said that there are various sayings in this regard, which according to most jurists and jurists, its nature is monetary.Therefore, the nature of extracting and selling cryptocurrencies according to various jurisprudential and legal theories can be considered as modern and digital money that can have objective and religious value. This type of nature in 1397 and 1398 with the approval of the regulations The process of extracting cryptographic processing products and using cryptocurrencies was banned. In general, the subject of the present article will be examined in a descriptive and analytical manner, and as a finding, it can be said that in examining the jurisprudential and legal nature of extracting and selling cryptocurrencies, we can refer to different legal texts and jurisprudential texts. It is called money.

Undoubtedly, in the current era, what is important in the field of intellectual property is its commercialization. On the other hand, the transfer of intellectual property in the form of legal contracts is essential. These forms are numerous in Iranian law: some contracts, such as sale, exchange, and loan cause the transfer of ownership of the same property, and some other contracts, such as lease, transfer the ownership of interests for a limited period of time. What was examined in the present article is the feasibility of adapting the lease to intellectual property. Almost from the beginning of the formation of the intellectual property law system regarding the transfer of intellectual property concerning the feasibility of adapting the lease contract as a specific contract in the Iranian legal system, with intellectual property, there has been no organized and accurate research. The authors have studied the issue and concluded that according to the jurisprudential and legal definition of the lease contract and due to the term in this contract and the lack of a term in the copyright law, the creator's right is not compatible with the lease. As a result, it is not possible to design the legal environment governing this market, and it will not be possible to apply intellectual property in the form of a lease.

The high consumption of mayonnaise and its improper maintenance procedures cause that the use of natural essence in mayonnaise becomes important. In this research, the effects of different concentrations of essential oils of marjoram on physicochemical, microbiological and sensitive characterization of mayonnaise were investigated. The influence of three different concentrations of Marjoram essential oil (100,150, 200 and 250 ppm), two different temperatures (4 and 15 °C) and storage times (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) months were examined. The obtained results from microbial experiments (Total count of microorganisms, mold and yeast, Salmonella, Coliform, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactic acid bacteria), chemical experiments (Peroxide, Thiobarbituric index, pH and acidity) and sensitivity analysis were evaluated based on fully factorial experiment design and the Duncan test. The results indicated that by increasing the concentration of Marjoram essential oil, the index changes of chemical tests decreased in all of times storage. The maximum effect of Marjoram essential oil on mayonnaise for preventing deterioration of mayonnaise was at the storage temperature of 4 oC. The Marjoram essential oil having 200 ppm at the temperature of 4 oC had the maximum effect for the preventing mayonnaise deterioration. Also, the experimental results that, the chemical and microbiological characteristics of mayonnaise were kept suitably. Therefore, the best optimal strategy of mayonnaise production is in these conditions.

Application of IPR and the right of investigation about the claim of its infringement، need issuing some protective orders. Mostly، this is for avoiding destruction of evidences which can be effective in proving the right of the plaintiff. The purpose of this study is to find out how can protect the third party’s right of privacy in the process of IPR enforcement. In common law، there are two important and distinctive rules; first، an order as a temporary order known as “Anthon Piler” to explore “identity disclosure” and second، the rule mentioned in “Norwich Farmacall” ’s case which is used for “identity disclosure”. Reviewing in norms and conditions of issuing primary investigations، distinction between disclosure of identity and information، restricting the identity and information disclosure scope، and precaution in issuing shifting orders are some of efforts which are done to protect privacy and balancing the earlier mentioned rules. In Iran’s law، gathering information which is possessed by intermediators without using judicial orders are considered as crimes relating to tracking communications. Tracking، disclosure or using the content of communications is against the principle and is just authorized in specific and restricted situations.