علی جلیلی

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease. It is a chronic disease and a socio-economic threat. The aim of this study was to develop a clinical guideline for osteoporosis to integrate service delivery. This study was designed and conducted in two phases: comprehensive systematic review and expert panel method. First, a comprehensive search of sources was conducted in reliable databases. Then, in the expert panel phase, the clinical questions and recommendations were presented to members of the panel of experts. Finally, among various recommendations for a clinical question, the recommendation, which was approved by more than 70% of the panel of experts, was chosen as the final recommendation. By reviewing the valid guidelines of the world, five guidelines were selected according to the screening criteria of the study and entered into the study. After holding several sessions with the panel of experts and reviewing the recommendations in the initial version, 28 questions and 181 recommendations were extracted. After obtaining the opinions of professors from different disciplines, the final recommendations were reviewed in a meeting with clinical experts, and based on the submitted opinions, the final version of the guideline update, in the form of 34 questions and 111 recommendations in the field of bone health (four questions, 12 recommendations), diagnosis and Evaluation (six questions, 19 recommendations), treatment and rehabilitation (17 questions, 67 recommendations), and Sarcopenia (seven questions, 13 recommendations), were presented. Due to the emphasis on the need for accessing valid protocols to provide optimal and useful services and address the care gap has developed the Osteoporosis Clinical Guide.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of executive functions training on anxiety, self-efficacy and self-regulation of elite student athletes participating in the sports Olympiad. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research was elite male student athletes and 34 people (17 people in the experimental group and 17 people in the control group) were selected and participated in the research as a sample. Beck et al.'s anxiety questionnaires (1988), Sherer's general self-efficacy (1982) and SRI-25 self-regulation questionnaires were completed before and after the training sessions by the students of the target community. Executive function training intervention sessions were conducted for 15 sessions for the experimental group. The result of univariate covariance analysis showed that executive functions training reduces anxiety (F=7.056, P<0.05) and increases self-efficacy (F=26.248, P<0.05) and also increases self-regulation (F=37.705). , P < 0.05) of student athletes participating in sports Olympiad was effective in the experimental group. It can be concluded that the training of executive functions reduced anxiety, increased self-efficacy and self-regulation of student athletes participating in the sports olympiad.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of critical thinking training intervention based on psychological capital (hope, resilience, self-efficacy and optimism) and academic self-discipline in student athletes The city of Malkan. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research includes all student athletes studying in the academic year 1401-1402 in Ajab Shir city. Among the statistical population, 40 students were selected by available sampling method. Further, the research samples were assigned by random sampling in two experimental groups (critical thinking training of 20 people) and control (20 people). The experimental group was trained for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. In order to collect the research data, Luthans and Auliou (2007) psychological capital questionnaire and Pintrich and DeGroot (1990) academic self-discipline were used. In order to analyze the research data, univariate and multivariate covariance were used.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the variables of psychological capital (hope, resilience and self-efficacy) and academic self-regulation (P<0.05). Also, only in the subscale of optimism (psychological capital variable) there is no significant difference at the level (P<0.05). Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that critical thinking training was effective in improving the subscales of hope, resilience and self-efficacy (psychological capital) and academic self-discipline, except for the optimism subscale of students..

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive thinking training on increasing club affiliation and sports burnout of student athletes male high school students in Tabriz.The research method is quasi- experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The study sample consisted of 40 students in two groups( including 20 students as an experimental group and 20 students as a control group) who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of 30 minutes, twice a week in group session of positive thinking training and the control group did not receive any intervention. Research tool include the club feeling questionnaire (Barry, Betty, Watt, 2004) and the Ingram and Wisnicky (1998) positive thinking questionnaire. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that positive thinking training had a significant effect on the sense of belonging to the club among student-athletes.

positive thinking training can improve the sense of belonging to the club, therefore, it is suggested that this program be used to improve the sense of belonging to the athlete student club.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI) is one of the largest research institutes in Iran, which has been established to develop research strategies and manage endocrine and metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The purpose of this report is to review and summarize research activities related to diabetes over a quarter of a century at EMRI.

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE was conducted to find diabetes-related studies in EMRI. After extracting the data, the articles were classified according to the type of article, the level of evidence, the types of diabetes and their subject.

After eliminating duplicates and screening, finally 228 articles were classified. Most diabetes research conducted at the Diabetes Research Center (DRC) was on type 2 diabetes (37%). By article type, most of the articles were original. In addition, clinical studies provided the most evidence in the obtained documents. By topic, most of the articles were related to the basic sciences and factors related to diabetes, followed by studies on the management and prevention of diabetes.

Most of the research conducted in the Diabetes Research Center in the past quarter of a century is of original studies in the field of basic sciences in the field of type 2 diabetes and most of the evidence produced is related to observational studies.

 Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is well-known that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that H. pylori infection leads to the migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) into the gastric tissue and their resultant change into gastric cancer in animal models. However, the existence of these cells in human gastric cancers has not yet been studied.

  We selected 10 each precancerous sample (dysplasia and metaplasia) and 15 gastric cancers from the pathology department of Toheed Hospital in Sanandaj.. All of the samples were stained by CD34, CD326, and STRO-1 antibodies and immunohistochemistry technique. Pathologic diagnosis was made by an expert pathologist.

CD34 was expressed only on endothelial cells of all samples. CD326 was expressed at a low level in precancerous samples, but its expression was much higher in cancer samples. In contrast, STRO-1 antigen was not detected in any of the samples.

CD34 and CD326 were expressed in gastric cancer samples. However, STRO-1 antigen which is a specific marker for BM-MSC was not detected in gastric precancerous and cancer samples. Our data suggested that BM-MSCs were not the origin of the gastric cancer cells or their nature might have been totally changed after transforming into cancer cells.

Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease and of more common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The current diagnostic markers of diabetic nephropathy, albumin and creatinine, are only able to catch the disease in the stage of renal damage. The aim of this study is evaluation of targeted metabolomics of serum amino acids to identify the association of the changes of serum amino acid profile with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015-2016 on thirty patients with type 2 diabetes subsequent diabetic nephropathy and thirty type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy attending diabetes clinic of endocrinology and metabolism institute and thirty non diabetic persons. Blood hemoglobin, HbA1c and BUN and also, serum albumin, uric acid and the albumin/creatinine ratio from a random urine specimen were measured by standard methods and serum amino acids level were identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Statistical analysis ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and nominal regression were used for the comparison of the investigated groups.
significant differences were seen in serum levels of 8 essential, branched-chains, aromatic and 8 non-essential amino acids alanine, aspartic acid, serine, glutamine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine and ornithine between three groups. Serum levels of arginine and isoleucine were higher in the diabetic group than non-diabetics. However, Levels of amino acids serine, glutamine, glycine, threonine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine, valine, ornithine, and lysine in 2 groups of diabetic nephropathy and diabetes were higher than non-diabetic patients.
For every standard deviation decrease in serum levels of amino acids serine, alanine and isoleucine, in comparison to diabetic patients, the risk of diabetic nephropathy were increased 3.257 (95%CI: 0.10- 0.94, P=0.039), 2.207 (95%CI: 0.18- 0.81, P=0.039) and 2.652 (0.21- 0.96, P=0.012), respectively.
Since this study was conducted in patients in the early stages of the disease, reduced serum levels of the amino acids serine, leucine and alanine may be associated with development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. and in the future with more studies in this field can be used in metabolic control and improvement of the prognosis of patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Gastric cancer is the second most prevalent carcinogenic disease and surgery, chemotherapy and radiation are its principal treatment modalities. However, in most cases, poor response to treatment and adverse side effects are observed regarding these modalities. Given the lack of response to treatment and growing rates of gastric cancer, researchers are trying to come up with more efficient treatments with fewer side effects. In the traditional medicine, licorice has been suggested as a cancer treatment considering its high antioxidant properties and few side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of licorice extract on gastric cancer cell lines. In this experimental study, adenocarcinoma gastric cell lines were prepared from cell bank and were cultured. After passage, the cells were transferred into a 96-well plate. In each well, approximately 2,000 cells in RPMI-1640 culture medium with FBS (10%) were placed. The cells were repeatedly exposed to different concentrations of Glycyrrhetinic acid (0, 1, 10 and100.1 μM) and Glycyrrhizic acid (10, 1, 100 and 0.1 μM) for 24 and 48 hours. Finally, the obtained results of the experimental and control groups were compared with each other. According to our results, the toxic effect of Glycyrrhetinic and Glycyrrhizic acids is dose and time dependent. In 24 hours, the mean optical density (MOD) in 100 μM concentration of Glycyrrhetinic acid was 0.41±0.02 and 0.79±0.04 in the experimental and control groups, respectively (p=0.0002). After 48 hours, MOD was 0.16±0.004 and 1.749±0.24 in the experimental and control groups, respectively (p=0.0003). Moreover, the MOD of 100 μM concentration of Glycyrrhizic acid was 0.78±0.53 and 2.09±0.49 in the experimental and control groups in 48 hours. There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p=0.035). The results of this study demonstrated that the licorice compounds have a toxic effect on carcinogenic cells. Therefore, it is recommended to perform more study on both Glycyrrhizic and Glycyrrhizic acids as effective compounds on gastric cancer treatment.

Background and Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second common cause of cancer death worldwide. Surgery is the only treatment for gastric cancer but about 50% percent of patients have inoperable tumors. For these patients, combined chemotherapy is the primary treatment which has some side effects. CXCR4 that is expressed on the surface of tumor cells plays a role in metastasis and chemotaxis of tumor cells to different tissues. Licorice compounds are known to have anticancer properties, so this study aimed at investigating their effects on the expression of CXCR4 receptor in gastric cancer AGS cells. In this experimental study, 106 cells were poured in all wells of 6 pieces plates and exposed to various concentrations of Glycyrrhetinic acid and Glycyrrhizic acid for 24 hours. The CXCR4 gene expression levels were determined by Real−Time PCR and the level of expression in the groups was compared using ANOVA and Dunntt's post hoc test in prism software. P <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The results showed a significant decrease in CXCR4 gene expression in cells exposed to acid Glycyrrhizic and acid Glycyrrhetinic at 24 hours compared with that of the control group. In fact, decreased expressions of CXCR4 reduced the rates of metastasis and chemotaxis. The compounds used in this study reduced the CXCR4 gene expression, so, they could be used as effective treatments for gastric cancer.

Aloe-emodin is a Hydroxyanthraquinone that exists in Aloe Vera leaves and has been known to have anti-tumor effects. Various studies have mentioned the biological effects of Aloe Vera such as antiviral، antimicrobial and some hepato-protective effects. Recently its antitumor effects have attracted the attention of many researchers. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women، accounting for 30% of all female cancers and < 1% of all cancer cases in men. Breast cancer is also responsible for 15% of cancer deaths in women. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of aloe-emodin on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. In this laboratory study MCF-7 cells were cultured in RPMI medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cytotoxic effect of different concentrations (5، 10، 25، 50، and 100 µM) of Aloe-emodinon cultured cells were evaluated by MTT assay at different times (24، 48، 72 h). Apoptosis and CD95 (Fas) expression were analyzed by flow-cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit and Fas (CD95) kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Aloe-emodin decreases the viability of MCF-7 cell line in a time and dose dependent manner، so that the most effective concentration of this substance was 100µM and 72 h after treatment. According to the data of Fas (CD95) expression and Annexin-PI، the highest apoptosis induction rate was seen in 100µM and 72 h. The findings of the present study indicated that Aloe-emodinhas has some antitumor effects and can be used in the treatment of breast cancer. However، further investigation of its cytotoxic effects against tumor cells، both in vitro and in vivo، is recommended.

The most common leading causes of death in patients with major beta thalassemia are cardiac complications.The purpose of this study is to determine cardiac function in patients with major thalassemia in Birjand. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on all patients with major beta thalassemia having referred to special clinics of Valiasr Hospital in Birjand. Variables such as age, sex, frequency of transfusions, serum ferritin, and hemoglobin were studied. For all patients after a thorough examination of heart, ECG, chest X-ray, and echocardiography were performed. All data were collected and analyzed with SPSS software 15.5 by t-test at α ≤ 0.05. We studied 35 patients with major beta thalassemia. The mean age was 9.06 ± 4.33 years. The mean hemoglobin was 9.2 gr/dl and the mean ferritin 2121.6 ng/ml, respectively. Cardiac examinations showed 62.9% of patients to be normal. ECG and chest X-ray in 71.6% and 57.1% of patients were normal, respectively. Out of the total number of patients, 77.8% had abnormal echocardiography. The most common abnormal findings in echocardiography were restrictive diastolic dysfunction. No significant correlation was found between abnormal findings on echocardiography with both ferritin and the number of blood transfusions. However, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and hemoglobin were not significantly associated (8.5 ± 0.69 gr/dL in normal diastolic function, 9.6 ± 0.99 gr/dL in diastolic dysfunction p= 0.007). The most common finding in our study was left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Therefore, periodic echocardiography to determine the risk of heart involvement is very valuable.

During brucellosis، infection macrophages and T lymphocytes perform effectively to eliminate microbes. Cytokines are small proteins that have role in activation، differentiation and performance of immune cells. The cytokine secretory pattern can be important in clinical brucellosis outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of some important cytokines in acute and chronic brucellosis patients during immune response. In this case-control study which was performed in Sanandaj’s Tohid Hospital، Iran، 63 patients referred to infectious department were studied. 30 healthy persons were selected as control. 12ml of blood was taken from each patient for performing brucellosis diagnosing tests like serological tests، blood cultures and PCR. Cytokines were measured by using Sandwich-ELISA. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12 software using independent T-test and Mann-Whitney U tests. The mean serum levels of IL-6، IL-8، IL-10، IFN- g and TGF-β in acute and chronic patients were significantly higher than the control group، but cytokine levels were not significantly different between patients with acute and chronic brucellosis. The serum level of IL-12p70 was not only significantly higher in acute and chronic patients than control group but also was significantly higher in acute than chronic patients. The inflammatory and non-inflammatory cytokines increases in brucellosis It seems that low levels of IL-12p70 in chronic brucellosis in comparison with acute brucellosis patients is due to a defect in performance of macrophages in chronic patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of explaining psychological resilience based on self-efficacy in athlete and non-athlete university students. A sample of 403 (198 females and 205 males) athlete and non-athlete university students, who were selected via purposive sampling procedure, completed resilience and self-efficacy scales. Regression analysis, one-way ANOVA, and t test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that self-efficacy was the positive significant predictor of resilience. Athletes and non-athletes had different patterns to predict psychological resilience by self-efficacy. Also, it was revealed that athletes scored higher than non-athletes in resilience while there was no significant difference among athletes of different sport fields. Also, there was no significant difference in resilience between males and females. The present article ended with a discussion of findings and suggestion of more research in this area.