علی دل پیشه

This study analyzes various factors contributing to the non-use of seat belts in rear seats in Iran. The research findings indicate that issues such as insufficient awareness, cultural attitudes, weak law enforcement, and economic conditions are the main reasons for this problem. The recommendations in this study include strengthening education and awareness, improving the quality of seat belts, standardizing vehicles, and fostering inter-organizational collaboration to change societal behavior and increase compliance with traffic laws.

In this study, the effective factors in attracting investment in the development of sports spaces and places were studied. Sports venues and spaces are one of the most important and basic uses in today's cities that play an important role in ensuring the health of the body and soul of citizens. Also, one of the reasons for the importance of sports infrastructure and sports promotion is the positive impact of sports participation on health, community health and reducing treatment costs due to inactivity in different age groups. The development of sport requires attention to many dimensions, at the macro and micro level, many factors affect the spread and promotion of sport. Sports development is defined as the structures, systems, opportunities, and processes that enable individuals to participate in sports and recreation and to improve their performance to the desired level. Sports spaces and venues are types of social spaces in human settlements. Simultaneous and dense presence of a large human population, mobility, leisure and entertainment of residents of large cities, conducting sports competitions, holding gatherings. Therefore, policy priority should be based on attracting private sector investment in the development of metropolitan areas and sports venues. In this study, we propose a solution for effective planning for private sector participation in the development of sports facilities and venues. The present article, using a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to identify the factors influencing policy-making and capital attraction in sports venues.

Healing involves complex processes that are not yet fully known. The wound healing process consists of three stages. In all these stages, normal wound healing requires platelet activation, release of cytokines and growth hormones, and chemotaxis and cell differentiation. Platelets play a key role in homeostasis and wound healing and growth factor production of more than 30 carried out by them. Platelets regulate the healing process with their chemotactic effect. Antilogous PRP platelet count in about 3 to 5 times increase and consequently also increases the number of growth factors, for this reason, they are being used in surgical procedures and clinical therapy.

At Ilam Medical Center in Imam Khomeini Hospital, 20 patients with two similar donor graft sites were gradually selected to participate in a clinical trial from January to March 2017. The two regions have the same skin graft patients, an area of Honor conventional and other areas with the topical administration of platelet-rich plasma That immediately after surgery and in the days after the fifth and eleventh, eightieth and after washing the wound with a topical serum Physiology rubbed on the wound and thus treated The rate of wound healing clinically and using X-ray photo-checked and compared.

Seven are male and thirteen are female and the age range of patients is between 17 and 67 years. After collecting wound healing times in two groups, we used the means comparison method to evaluate the effect of PRP on wound healing rate and analyzed the results (T-Test). Because the data followed a normal distribution, we used the Independent T-test method, which resulted in 0.416, which was higher than the alpha level equal to 0.05.

In this study, we found that PRP had a positive effect on wound healing time and increased the speed of wound healing. It is suggested that the effect of the PRP method on various organs that have not been tested before, be discussed in future studies.

Control and prevention of non-communicable diseases(NCD) and their risk factors require programs and policies that their adoption and implementation is beyond the capacity of the health sector alone. The purpose of this study is to express the experience of the Islamic Republic of Iran in advancing the goals of the National Document on Control and Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases through inter-sectoral collaboration and its achievements.

This study was done by reviewing documents (including decrees, reports, policy briefs, progress reports, minutes) and by qualitative analysis of these documents based on a predetermined framework. All documents related to control and prevention of NCDs in the Secretariat of the Supreme Council for Health and Food Security (SCHFS) from 2013 to 2020 were used.

The para-sectoral collaboration Advisory Committee is one of the task forces of the National Committee for Control and Prevention of NCD, which through the SCHFS and its subdivisions facilitated the participation of other agencies and stakeholders to implement the National Document on Disease Control and Prevention. Most of the SCHFS decrees and programs are related to the nutritional factors of NCDs (saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids, salt in industrial and traditional food products, pollutants and residual pesticides in Agricultural products), reduction of air pollution and mental health, which are the main targets of national documents for the Control and Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases.

Involvement of stakeholders and cooperation of other sectors in the health system to control and prevent NCDs and their risk factors requires the establishment of structures and processes at the highest levels of policy making as well as at the intermediate and operational levels of the management. Avoiding frequent and early changes in the structures and processes of para-sectoral collaboration, and adopting participatory based approaches to follow the implementation of policies and programs in a coherent and coordinated manner are necessary.

Low birth weight (LBW) is a very sensitive and useful index for child's health. Therefore, evaluation of the related risk factors is very noticeable. So, this study was performed with aim to determine the relationship between maternal cardiovascular diseases risk factors and low birth weight risk in neonates. This case-control study was conducted in 2018 on 250 newborn infants, of which 125 with low birth weight were considered as case group and 125 with normal weight as control group. They were randomly selected from eligible individuals. Data were analyzed by statistical tests including crosstab, t-test, Chi-square and logistic regression with regard to error less than α = 0.05. Some risk factors of maternal cardiovascular diseases including physical inactivity (P = 0.007), exposure to smoke and tobacco (P = 0.005), triglyceride (P = 0.008), cholesterol (P = 0.028), salt intake (P = 0.004), inadequate consumption of fruit (P = 0.05), inadequate consumption of vegetables (P = 0.03), and consumption of fast food and drinks (P = 0.01) had significant relationship with LBW in neonates. According to the results of this study, some maternal risk factors of cardiovascular diseases such as exposure to tobacco smoke and smoking, salt intake, fast food and drinks, lack of fruits and vegetables consumption, lack of activity and high levels of triglyceride can be considered as risk factors for LBW.

The etiological nature of preeclampsia is heterogeneous. The use of biomarkers indices in early pregnancy helps to have appropriate stratification of pregnancies into high- and low risk for the purpose of choosing timely interventions. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the pathogenic role of soluble soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) inthe prediction of preeclampsia in women. We performed a systematic search of the international databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until August 2017. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The primary outcome in this review was preeclampsia. The statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the X2 test and quantified by I2. Pooled effects size was obtained by random effects model. Subgroup  analyses were also carried out. Totally, 284 records were identified in the initial search and 15 records were finally included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) for the association between the high level of sFlt-1 and low level of PlGF and subsequent development of preeclampsia among women were 5.20 (95% CI: 1.24–9.16) and 2.53 (95% CI: 1.33–3.75), respectively. The mean difference for sFlt-1 and PlGF in women with preeclampsia compared to controls was 1.15 (95% CI: 0.43–1.86) and –0.94 (95% CI: –1.37–0.52),respectively. According to the results from this meta-analysis, increased levels of sFlt-1 and reduced levels of PlGF predict the subsequent development of preeclampsia.

The importance of research and knowledge production is critical worldwide. Therefore, the number of researchers and published articles as well as the volume of investment in research is considered the indicators of development in any country. Accordingly, the most important factor in the progress and prosperity of research is to recognize the challenges and barriers. Various studies have been carried out at the Universities of Medical Sciences in order to identify the barriers to knowledge production regarding the stakeholders’ viewpoints. Therefore, this study aimed to identify barriers to knowledge production from the viewpoint of faculty members, research experts, and students in Iran. This systematic review was conducted utilizing the articles and documents on Iranian web sites (i.e., Magiran, Iran medex, SID, and Medlib) as well as foreign databases (i.e., Google scholar, PubMed, and Scopus) without any time limit. Moreover, the keywords in the titles of articles were employed in the search process. Totally, 16 articles and one documentary were identified in the search process. Out of all, 13 and 3 articles compared the viewpoints of faculty members and the views of faculty members with research experts, respectively. According to faculty members’ viewpoints lack of time due to heavy workload, policies to encourage researchers, adequate funding, appropriate promotion system for faculty members, and human resource shortages were the main research barriers in medical sciences. On the other hand, the research experts indicated the lack of teamwork culture and existence of defects in goals and programs as the most important challenges in research implementation. Moreover, lack of research priorities, motivation for research, cooperation with researchers, and adequate funding were the main obstacles in viewpoints of students. According to the results, the faculty members share same viewpoints regarding research barriers despite the variety in locations geographically and diversity in data collection tools. Generally, lack of research funding was considered as the main research barrier. Moreover, the complexity in research approval processes ranked the second main challenge confronting the researchers in the field of medical sciences.

With regard to the specific mental and physical health situation of veterans, their wives are dealing with peculiar stresses. The aim of the present study was to determine factors affecting on psychological health status of veteran’s spouses in Ilam city. This was a cross-sectional study. 111 veteran’s spouses of Ilam city were selected by random sampling in 2012. The veterans should have at least 25 percent injury. Data collection tools were general and economic forms and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16 and using the t-test, Pearson correlation, logistic and multivariate regression. The mean of mental health score was 28.55 ± 14.63. The average mental health scores of cases with monthly income of 3000000-5999999, 6000000-8999999 and 9000000 Rial and more were 0.65, and 1.23 and 2.01 times of the group with income less than 3000000 Rial, respectively. Also, mental health in groups with education of secondary school, high school and college were 0.88, 1.77 and 2.87 times of the group with primary school education, respectively. The mental health has statistically significant correlation with both income and education (p<0.01). Age and social dysfunction had a direct and significant correlation with mental health (p=0.01 and r=0.3). Regular monitoring of mental health for veteran’s spouses is necessary. With respect to the type and percentage of injury, promotion of education levels and effective financial supports to families of veterans are essential steps to improve mental health indicators in the veteran’s spouses.Keywords:Mental health; Veterans; Factors

Dentistry is a high risk profession according to musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of these disorders in Iranian dentists using systematic review and meta-analysis.

National databases including; Magiran, IranMedex, Irandoc and international databases including; PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, ProQuest, web search engine Google scholar and the Eastern Mediterranean region base (IMEMR) with using keywords prevalence, musculoskeletal, dentists, and medical subject headings (Mesh), were searched. To assess the quality of cross-sectional studies, the JBI checklist (The Joanna Briggs Institute) was used. Considerably, heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochran Q and I2 tests. Data analyzed using the random effects model.

A total of 12 studies with sample size n=1742 entered to the research. The point prevalence (during occupational), period prevalence (during one year) and prevalence during the seven-day of musculoskeletal disorders was estimated 73.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 64.1-82.7), 77.3% (95% CI: 66.7-87.9) and 33.6% (95% CI: 6.5-60.8) respectively. The highest point prevalence 50% (95% CI: 43.8-56.3), period prevalence 63% (95% CI: 58.4-67.6) and during the seven- day prevalence 46.3% (95% CI: 7-85.6) of disorders was estimated in neck region.

The results show high prevalence of disorders in dentists, especially in the neck area. In order to reduce musculoskeletal disorders, resulting in the improvement of the level and quality of dentists' services, comprehensive plans should be designed and implemented at the national level.

Life satisfaction is one of the important dimensions of health, which is influenced by health determinants. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of socioeconomic inequalities in satisfaction with life in women aged 15-54 in Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, randomized multistage cluster sampling with equal clusters was done to select the participants. A total of 35,305 women aged 15-55 were enrolled in the study. Data analysis was done in two stages. In the first stage, social and economic inequalities were investigated using the concentration index and concentration curve method. In the second stage, a multilevel method was used to identify the determinants.

The mean life satisfaction was 12.81±4.23. The concentration index for dissatisfaction with life was -0.06 [95% CI: -0.1, -0.02], indicating dissatisfaction with life in low socioeconomic groups. The results of multilevel analysis showed that age, marital status, occupation, place of living, education, and the economic class correlated with dissatisfaction with life in women (P<0.05).

There is inequality in dissatisfaction with life. Dissatisfaction is concentrated in the poorer groups of the society and varies in different provinces. Socioeconomic variables affect inequality in satisfaction with life in women, which need to be addressed to reduce inequalities

Suicide attempts are made in various ways to end the life of a person, who is trying to eliminate himself by hurting his body. The present study conducted with the purpose of determining the prevalence and causes of suicide in Iran through meta-analysis and systematic review.
This study systematically and meta-analytically reviewed published papers on suicide attempts in Iran within 2001-2014. For this purpose, 31 articles of searching databases including Medlib, Google Scholar, PubMed, ISI, Science Direct, Scopus, SID, Medline, Magiran, Irandoc, extracted and the results were analyzed through weighted average and Poisson Distribution.
Of the 21 studied cases, the highest prevalence of suicide attempt was for drug use (taking pills) (59.52%) and the least amount was for hanging out (0.77%). The highest prevalence of suicide causes was for family problems (57.39%) and the least amount was for academic failure (1.1%).
It is concluded that the most common suicide attempts in the last decade belonged to drug use and family problems were the most common causes of suicide. Thus, it is recommended that authorities adopt necessary interventions to limit access to harmful means and activate family counseling centers to prevent such attempts.

The relationship between stress levels with spiritual growth and interpersonal relations have shown a different pattern in different societies. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual growth and interpersonal relations with stress management in students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences.
The study was cross-sectional and the study population was 400 medical students in Ilam University of Medical Sciences were recruited using the randomized allocation sampling, in 2012. The standard "HPLP II" questionnaire including demographic variables, stress management, spiritual growth and interpersonal relations was administered. Collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and linear regression tests in SPSS software.
Mean and standard deviation of age and stress management score was 20.94 ± 1.9 years and 2.47 ± 0.5, respectively. In general, the poor, middle and good stress management was estimated to be 14%, 68.5% and 17.5%, respectively. There were significant relationships between students’ stress management with spiritual growth and interpersonal relations so that by improving spiritual growth and interpersonal relations score, the students’ stress management score has increased. Interpersonal relations showed that has a more important role in relation with stress management.
Health education in advanced levels considering spiritual growth and in particular interpersonal relations can have an important role in improvement of students’ stress management.

Health literacy is defined as ‘one’s capacity to understand and interpret the basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions’. In addition, those with insufficient health literacy are less likely to understand the written and oral information presented by health specialists. Hence, insufficient health literacy is considered a global threat nowadays, the present study aimed to investigate the health literacy status among the visitors to the specialized clinics based in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2016.
The current study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. To collect the required data, the valid and reliable test of functional health literacy in adults (TOFHFLA) was employed. After data collection, the data were entered into the SPSS Statistics 16 Software. In addition, for data analysis, the descriptive statistics and the statistical tests of analysis of variance (ANOVA), Independent t-test and regression analysis were used.
The mean score of health literacy among the subjects under study was 51.93 ±6.31. Further, the results revealed that the relationship between health literacy and each of the variables of education (P This study showed that average health literacy in the population is estimated to be average. Recommended with changes at the macro level of society in terms of education and research increased health literacy.

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been considered as an undiagnosed pandemic. In recent review articles the relationship between VDD and several disorders of mothers and their newborns were indicated. The present study was aimed in order to investigate the VDD prevalence in Iranian pregnant women.
This First meta-analysis study was performed based on PRISMA checklist for systematic review and meta-analysis studies. A comprehensive literature searches of national and international databases including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, Web of Science, Magiran, Iranmedex, SID, Medlib and Google Scholar engine by using MESH keywords up to 2016 was empolyed.Two reviewers independently were conducted the search, including selection of studies, quality assessment and data extraction.
Eighteen studies and 5,572 pregnant women were included in the analysis. The prevalence of VDD in Iranian pregnant women with cut-off point of 10, 20 and 30ng/ml were calculated 41.9% (95%CI: 30.4-54.3), 68.6% (95%CI: 50.3-82.5) and 84.4% (95%CI: 74.2-91.1), respectively. The highest prevalence of VDD in trimester of pregnancy term in cutoff 10, 20 and 30 ng/ml was obtained in the second trimester (95% CI: 61.9 (61.95-36.7)), first trimester (95% CI: 89.4(87.8-90.8)) and third trimester (86.7(95% CI: 74.5-93.6)).
The prevalence of VDD in Iranian pregnant women is very high. Therefore, addressing VDD in women during pregnancy should be a health priority in Iran. To avoid of related disorders and adverse effects of VDD in mothers, appropriate interventions among pregnant women should be considered.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease associated with inflammation of the central nervous system in humans that is associated with genetic and environmental factors. Geographical latitude and longitude, life on coastal, and exposure to environmental pollutants are associated with the disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between environmental factors with the risk of multiple sclerosis in Isfahan province, Iran.
This cross-sectional study assessed the association of radiation, relative humidity, and temperature with the risk of multiple sclerosis in 2000 patients between the years 2001 to 2014 in Isfahan province. The geographical mapping was done using Arc GIS software and statistical analysis was done via SPSS software using logistic regression and correlation coefficient tests.
Findings: The 13-year cumulative incidence rate of multiple sclerosis in Isfahan province was estimated 48.26 per 100000 person, 20.97 in men and 76.38 in women. Significant association was observed between the sunlight radiations with the risk of multiple sclerosis; but the average relative humidity and temperature in this area did not show any significant relationship with the risk of multiple sclerosis.
Based on the findings, sunlight associated with multiple sclerosis in Isfahan province; but there was no relationship between the average annual temperature and relative humidity. Therefore, it is recommended that studies be done on individual level to investigate this relationship

The weight at birth is an important health indicator of infants. Underweight infant’s birth is one of the major health problems and most fundamental causes of infant’s death. This study was performed to determine the relation of mothers’ demographic factors with underweight infant’s birth as meta-analysis in Iran.
This study is a meta-analysis of mothers’ demographic factors with underweight infant’s birth in Iran, which was conducted on published articles in the country. In this aim by searching the information at SID, Medlib, Irandoc, Google scholar, Pubmed, ISI, Iranmedex, Scopus and Magiran, using key words and their compounds, all related articles were extracted independently by two trained researchers. The results of studies analyzed using the STATA and Spss20 software.
In the initial searching of 49 articles, 28 articles met inclusion criteria for study. Mother’s pre-pregnancy weight (OR: 2/28, CI%95: 1/42-5/61), and mother's job (OR: 1/15, CI%95: 0/72-1/84), respectively, has got the most and the least relation with the underweight infant’s birth.
According to the results of the study, there is significant relationship between underweight infant’s birth and mother’s pre-pregnancy weight, mother’s age under 19 years, mother’s education and place of residence. Thus the control of mentioned risk factors in the mothers before the pregnancy can lead to the reduction of the underweight infant’s birth.

Low birth weight of infants is one of the most serious health problems in many communities, especially in developing countries and is the second cause of infant's mortality which is affected by several risk factors, especially during pregnancy. This study was performed with aim to assess the relationship between maternal and neonatal factors during pregnancy and low birth weightas meta-analysis in Iran.
In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, by searching in databases of SID, Medlib, Irandoc, Google scholar, Pubmed, ISI, Iranmedex, Scopus and Magiran, using the keywords of low birth weight, mode of delivery, pregnancy weight gain, BMI, birth order and their compounds, all related articles from 1996 to 2016 were extracted. The results of studies were combined using the STATA software (version 11.2) and SPSS software (version 16).
A total of 22 articles with sample size of 34591 cases were entered to the study. Mother’s weight gain during pregnancy (OR: 3.13, CI 95%:1.18 – 8.32), Maternal BMI (OR: 2.19, CI95%: 1.33 – 3.46), pregnancy interval (OR: 2.13, CI95%: 1.65 – 2.75), and birth order (OR: 1.3, CI95%: 1.14 – 1.49) had statistically significant association with low birth weight.
Improper weight gain of mother during pregnancy, maternal body mass index

Ambiguous genitalia is an uncommon situation that happensbetween 1 and 2 per every 1000 live births and falls under the umbrella diagnosisof disorders of sexual development.
Case: In this article, we report a case of male pseudohermaphroditism withambiguous genitalia. The proband was a 12 yr old girl without any uterus orovarian tissues. Karyotype of the case is 46, XY. Genes involved in sexualdifferentiation such as AR, SRD5A2, LH, LHR, FSH, 17 B HSD and SRY geneswere sequenced in both directions. No mutations were found in these geneseither.

It seems advisable to be cautious in similar cases, and reviseprotocol for tracing the genes involved in the patients

Suicide is a social problem which can be influenced by geographical, cultural, economic, social, and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to evaluate the relationship of rates of suicide attempts and successful suicides with seven climatic conditions in Iran.
The present study was a systematic review and meta-analysis on the incidence rates of suicide attempts and successful suicide in seven climatic areas of Iran which was carried out by reviewing the published papers between 2001 and 2014. Using the keywords suicide, attempted suicide, incidence, Iran and combined terms, two trained investigators searched SID, ISI, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Irandoc, Scopus, and Magiran databases and all the relevant articles were extracted independently by them. The results were analyzed by using weighted average and Poisson distribution.
Among 74 articles, 30 were eligible for our study. The highest level of suicide attempts belonged to the climate area 5 (Isfahan, Yazd, Semnan and Qom cities ) with and incidence rate of 114.7/100000 people and the least belonged to the climate area 6(Chaharmahal and Bakhtiaree, kohkiloyeh and BoyerAhmad, Khuzestan Province) with the incidence rate of 37/ 100000 people. The highest and lowest incidence rates of successful suicide belonged to climate area 1 (Ilam, Lorestan, Hamadan, Kurdistan and Kermanshah) and climate area 5 with incidence rates of 12.9 and 2.8/100000 people respectively. Climate zone 5 had the highest incidence rate of suicide attempts and lowest rate of successful suicide.
According to the findings of this study, the incidence of suicide and successful suicide can be influenced by climatic factors. Based on the results of the studies conducted in different regions of the world, geographical and climatic factors can affect the incidence rates of suicide attempts and successful suicides. This was an ecological study. In order to find the association of climate factors with suicide attempts and successful suicides, further studies should be done on individual level.

Background and Cognitive problems after traumatic brain injury may affect all aspects of life in injured people. One of these problems is visuospatial working memory deficit which was investigated in this study on patients with mild head injury.
We conducted a cohort study in 60 patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and 60 healthy cases in Trauma Research Center (TRC) affiliated with Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The subjects were followed for 6 months after which Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) (form C, administration methods A and D) was used for their assessment. T test, Chi-square test and repeated One-way ANOVA were used for the analysis of data. P≤0.05 was considered significant.
The two groups were significantly different in their correct scores in administrations A and D of Benton test (P≤ 0.05). The results indicated a correlation between the sites of injury and number of correct scores in visual memories of MTBI patients (P=0.003).
Impaired spatial visual memory in MTBI patients in concordance with other findings in this field are in favor of significant functional problems in this group which mandates a more prolonged systematic approach and better follow up plans to overcome many hidden difficulties these people experience.

Self- immolation is considered as a great tragedy for the families. This study was conducted aiming to identify related factors and determine the epidemiological characteristics of suicide attempters in Ilam province during the years 2011 to 2015.
In a descriptive study, all medical records of self-immolation patients were studied over a period of 5 years. The required information was collected and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics methods in SPSS 22.
Findings: Results revealed that out of the total 236 people, 168 women (71.2%) and 68 men (28.8%) had the experience of self-immolation. The mean age of the participants was 34.85 years, ranging from 11 to 90 years. 81.4% of those people died due to severe injuries. 6.35% of the total participants were addicted. The mean burn surface area was 80%, ranging from 20% to 100% of body surface burns. In 96.6% of the cases, the ignition-causing material used in the suicide was oil. 55.1% of the individuals were married, 25.8% were illiterate, 68.2% were citizens of the urban areas and 74.2% were housewives or unemployed. Most cases of self-immolation occurred in the spring (28.4%). The mean of incidence and the total years of life lost due to premature death from suicide within five years were 8.43 per one hundred thousand individuals and 8388 years, respectively.
Discussion & Paying more attention to the younger generation, especially women, presence of women in society, increasing the awareness and education level of people and having a good job can be effective in preventing and reducing the phenomenon of self-immolation.

Suicide is one of the social and health challenges, which has influenced on the individual, family, and society. Statistics reveal that suicide rates have increased in the country. The present research carried out to determine the incidence of suicide in Iran through meta-analysis and systematic review.
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study on suicide incidence and trend in Iran by reviewing published papers within 2001-2014. To do this, databases including Medlib, Google Scholar, Pubmed, ISI, Science direct, SID, Medline, Magiran, and Irandoc were searched and two trained researchers independently extracted the articles through keywords and combinations. The results were integrated through using weighted average and Poisson distribution.
In the preliminary searching, 30 papers of 132 were qualified for study. The rate of suicide was estimated 8 out of one hundred thousand in Iran (1/9 – 6/8: 95% confidence interval), which was 11.1 (8/6-13 / 8: 95% confidence interval) and 7.4 (5/3 – 9/5: 95% confidence interval) in males and females, respectively. The results showed that the trend of suicide was descending in the last decade.
Incidence of suicide has decreased in Iran during last years; however, the incidence was relatively high in western provinces. As well as The incidence of suicide leading to death among men far more than women.

Traffic accidents are the second cause of death and injury and the first cause of loss of life in Iran. This study was done to recognize the relation between human Attributes and traffic events of the drivers of Ilam.
Maerials & Data on traffic accidents Ilam Province during study (cross-sectional) with census method, in a one-year period (2012) were analyzed. These data were collected depending upon com form 114 and traffic experts in the accident scene. Data were entered in spss software. Statistical analyses were done by T-test, Chi-square test and logistic regression.
Findings: From 3746 traffic accidents were studied, 3317 were men (88.5%) and 107 people were women (2.9%). The average age of the drivers was (33.63±10. 83). The highest age group was between group was 21 to 30 and the minimum age group was between ages 71 to 80 years old. there was a significant statistic relation between driver’s occupation, , driver’s education, and safety belt use, violation of traffic regulation, and deaths from traffic events (P=0.001). The adjusted odds ratio for traffic accidents resulting in death or injury in the non-use of seat belts 4.70 times higher than safety belt use and traffic accidents resulting in death or injury to the adjusted odds ratio of 2.9 times higher than seen driving license was the basis of a license(pDiscusion & training of drivers and requiring them to legality and safety belt use can play important roles in adjusting death and injuries caused traffic accidents.

Nowadays, the artificial neural networks have received much attention in predicting the effects of multiple variables and complex relationships in aparticular variables. In this study, we have focused on the use of artificial neural network versus logistic regression to predict post-traumatic mental disorders.
In a prospective cohort study, we covered 100 trauma patients admitted to the trauma center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan during a six month period. The patients were then randomly divided into two training (n=50) andexperimental(n=50) groups. 14 variablesincluding age, sex, occupation, education level, marital status, socioeconomic status, history ofmental illnessin theimmediate family, history of being hospitalized in neurosurgeryunit, historyof trauma,history ofunderlying disease, history of psychologicaldrug use, history of anesthesia, history of alcohol use, and history of substance abuse were totally investigated. 300artificial neural networksandlogistic regressions were studied in the first group and then the predicted values were compared in the second group using the two models. The ROC curve and classification accuracy tool were applied to estimate the predictive power of mental disorder.
Findings: The results showed that the accurate index for predicting the disorder was90.65% for the neural network model, while it was 75.96% for the logistic regression model.
Discussion & The artificial neural network models appeared to bemore powerful in predictingmental disorder versus the logistic regression model.

Backgrounds and

Very few analytical studies are available on any association between Colorectal Cancer (CRC) among diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic subjects at least in Iran. The aim of this case control study was to determine the risk of CRC in type 2 diabetic patients.

In this study, 207 CRC cases, who had positive results by colonoscopy and biopsy, from Colonoscopy units in Tabriz Referral hospitals and 207 controls, gender and age matched had negative colonoscopy and biopsy results, was selected from the same centers with no history of any malignant tumor and nonneoplastic, Data were collected by questionnaires, and entered into the SPSS19. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios adjusting for diabetes and risk of CRC.

of 414 patients studied, 194 (47%) females and 220 (53%) patients were men. The mean age and Body Mass Index (BMI) of patients was respectively, 59.52±13.8 and 26.47±3.8 Kg/m2. Of 207 patients with colorectal cancer, 48 patients were diagnosed with diabetes in contrast of 207 controls only 21 patients were diagnosed with diabetes. The final analyses indicate that diabetes increase the risk of CRC. (OR: 2.57, %95 CI: 1.25-4.58, P=0.006).

Our findings indicate that Diabetes increase the risk of CRC.