فهرست مطالب علی سلحشور

Hadith as the second source of evidence for Inferring sharia rulings has always been considered by jurists. Due to the need to prove the authenticity of hadiths and its high importance in jurisprudential issues , Islamic scholars and jurists have published books throughout history to combat the falsification and distortion of hadiths. One of the first and most important books in this regard is the book "Akhbar al-Dakhila" by Mohammad Taghi Shoushtari, a contemporary Iranian scientist. The purpose of this study is to investigate Shoushtari’s criteria in recognising the falsification of hadiths.This research, which has been done by analytical-descriptive method, while identifying the most important criteria of the author and bringing examples of hadiths from the book, shows that the author has studied the hadiths from different angles.He has criticized textual issues such as incompatibility with the Qur'an, definite tradition, reason, history, science, famous jurisprudential rulings and theological beliefs, and has also criticized the authenticity of hadiths such as: the study of the narrator class, the weakness of the document and other biographical cases. In this process, he has obsessively and carefully tried to identify and introduce fake hadiths; However, in addition to the lack of accurate rebuttal and the lack of unity of procedure, other criticisms can be leveled at him. Such as: defining the author's point of view in cases where only one possibility can be deduced from his sentences.

SARS-CoV-2 emerging from Wuhan, China is a member of the Coronaviridae family, which has so far infected and killed many people. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected various aspects of life in Iran and Worldwide, and governments have imposed quarantines and travel bans on an unprecedented scale. The virus causes COVID-19, which can spread through close contact with the infected person, contaminated equipment, and suspended air droplets. The most common symptoms of the disease include fever, cough, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal symptoms, and diarrhea. In severe cases, the lung infection can occur, which causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome that leads to ICU admission and even death.   Besides, this infection can cause gastrointestinal, neurological, and renal impairments. Not merely, this new coronavirus has infected many more people worldwide in comparison to MERS and SARS, but also it has killed more people. Patients with underlying diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, respiratory problems, kidney disease, heart disease and Immunodeficiency are at higher risk of infection and potential death. Also, the risk of death and complication increases in older adults, while most of the infected children are asymptomatic. Some infected people may have mild or no symptoms but can still transmit the disease and spread it to others. To diagnose COVID-19, serology tests, and level of ESR, CRP and other acute-phase reactants are helpful, whereas molecular tests, such as RT-PCR tests, that detect the virus’s genetic material are still the golden standard. Also, CT scan detects lung involvement; Ground-glass opacification, especially in lower lobes and subpleural region, is the most common CT characteristic, although it is not specific for COVID-19. Because the disease is difficult to diagnose, hard to prevent and challenging to treat, it has become a major concern for many countries. This review aims to gather existing information in the fields of virology, molecular pathogenesis, disease symptoms, epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, and the spread of the disease. This study also provides evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies for health policymakers, doctors, nurses, and practitioners in the field of public health, including researchers and students.

Most exegetes implicitly or explicitly believe in two occurrences of the Blowing the Trumpet (indicating the death and then the coming to life of all beings) at the end of the world. There is another group of exegetes, however, who maintain that the Qur’anic ayahs speak of three blows and there are also few exegetes who believe in the occurrence of four blows. There is thus controversy about the order of the events occurring on the threshold of Qiyama (resurrection). The present descriptive-analytical study aims to analyze the textual context of the ayahs of Blowing the Trumpet and demonstrate a clear picture of the number of blows and their consequent events so that it would eventually answer the question that which viewpoint of the exegetes conforms to the textual analysis of the related ayahs. Through analyzing the lexical semantics of the words faza’ and sa’qah, this study carried out an extensive exploration of 212 commentaries and analyses of the exegetes on the number of the blows as well as the precedence and posteriority of mashahed al-sa'ah. In addition, the analysis of the literary functions of some of the conjunctions used in these ayahs such as ”Fa” and "Thomma” and considering the elements of register, lexical and semantic attached and detached contextual clues, and an aesthetic analysis based on lexical cohesion showed that the Holy Qur’an mentions the occurrence of three blows of faza’ (terror), sa’qah (swoon) and ihya' (revivification) on the threshold of Qiyama, and the events called mashahed al-sa'ah shall occur after the first blow.

The translation of the Qur'an into various languages for the understanding of its teachings is firstly allowed and secondly necessary - conditional on observance of the rules of translation. To provide accurate translations, familiarity with theology, jurisprudence, Quranic sciences, Arabic commentary and literature, and a number of other literary and Islamic sciences is necessary. Because there is a close relationship between the translation of the Qur'an and jurisprudential laws, the translator must be careful in choosing the words and finding the vocabulary and combinations of the target language, and paying attention to the conceptual meaning of the words in order to better understand the verses as God's purpose has been reflected. One of the Quranic science is to understand Mojmalat and their reasons. Homonyms are one of the most common reasons of Ejmal. In order to find equivalents for homonyms, the translator has to choose the correct meaning considering the attached evidence, the style and other verses related to the subject of the verse. One of these homonyms is the word "khashiat," which implies two opposing meanings of doubt and certainty. This study, reviewing 53Persian and 10English translations from 80verses of Kahf, regarding the interpretation of the murder of a young boy by the Prophet Khezr, while pointing out the views of the commentators, has shown which of the meanings of Khashiat is correct.