علی صفی زاده

Paper is considered as a composite product of lignocellulosic fibers and mineral and/or organic additives. The lignocellulosic fibers shortage together with economical, technical and environmental aspects ever increased mineral fillers application in papermaking. The filler utilization in recycled pulp involve more benefits which is highly considered, recently. Therefore, effects of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and its premixing with isolated soy protein (ISP) on paper properties recycled from writing and printing papers were investigated.

Pulp recycled from printing and writing papers was received from Atrak Pulp and Paper Co. stock preparation point without any additive. PCC (10, 12 and 15% based on O.D paper mass) and ISP (10 and 15% based on PCC mass) were added individually and as premixed composite to the recycled pulp. Laboratory hand sheets (60 g/m2) were made and have been compared according to SEM images, opacity, brightness, caliper, grammage, bulk and burst strength.

SEM images revealed fillers presence in paper structure and its flocculation due to the ISP polymer usage. Increasing of filler addition replacing the recycled fibers reduced caliper, grammage and burst index of paper continuously and also increased the bulk and brightness, continuously. Individually addition of ISP and without filler increased grammage and caliper and reclined burst index, with no effects on the other properties. PCC-ISP premixing drastically improved caliper, bulk and the paper grammage, but opacity and brightness were stable compared to ISP unemployment.

PCC-ISP premixing enhanced bulk, caliper, grammage, brightness and in some cases burst strength of paper from recycled printing and writing papers. Retention behavior of ISP polymer proved by scanning electron microscopy observations, in addition to the physical properties. The retention role is an important benefit regarding to several aspects of economical due to higher productivity, environmental due to the biomaterial loss reduction, and also processing features because of blockage and shutdown decrease and production rate increment. Lipophilic part of ISP is probably resulted in fiber bonding hinder and uneven the structure strengthening.

Recycling necessity of different paper and board grades is clear from various points of view which is accompanied with huge value addition, especially in writing and printing papers. Mineral filler applicability and its more usage in papermaking are increasingly focused and for recycled pulp, include binary advantages, which have recently researched. The characteristics of recycled fiber and interest in fillers, made the application of dry strength additives inevitable that natural and economical adhesives for this purpose are always seeking. In these regards, effects of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and Soy Protein (SP) on recycled pulp from writing and printing waste papers were investigated. SEM micrographs proved PCC retention which is compatible with the paper Ash results, but ash percentage declined by filler more addition. SP improved initially filler retention originated from the recycled pulp and also the PCC retention. Preservation of the initially filler caused higher total retention in the presence of SP and the same effect is reportable in simultaneously utilization of PCC and SP compared to the SP absence. So, the recycled pulp total retention decreased meaningful in lack of SP. Polymeric and various functional groups in the SP biopolymer could be attributed for these results. SP employment improved freeness (CSF) of the recycled pulp up to 8% and was observed in the highest premixing of SP/PCC (15%). Replacing of recycled fibers by PCC also improved freeness, meaningful. The freeness results were proved by drainage time of the pulp in handsheet maker. PCC application in the all studied levels (10, 12, 15%) and its premixing by SP reduced the paper water absorbency, unmeaningful. However, the paper tensile index declined by PCC and SP consumption.

Parvin Etesami is one of neo-traditional, wisdom-oriented, idealist, moralist poets of the constitutional era. She has contributed to the introduction of Classism and Neo-classism in the contemporary Persian literature and was the greatest figure in this regard. She is a social poet with humanistic view who praises the struggle of contemporary human being and invites people to be reflective, intellectual and to make correct decisions. Although this classic poet seeks no particular ideology, she praises the individual, social, intellectual morality. She wishes the happiness for every human being. This study has examined classism and Neo-classism manifestations in Parvin Etesami’s Poems in the descriptive-analytical method by relying on comparative literature. Studies have shown that this contemporary poet has tended to morality, wisdom, realism, as well as avoiding ignorance and abnormality for saving people nationally. She makes relation between traditions and modernism; namely, she eludes the traditional instructions. Besides, she accepts the innovative concepts with open arms, which is important in neo-classism. Therefore, wisdom-orienting and intellectuality are main themes of poems in the constitutional era. She also advocates human’s authority and uses the new, up-date methods in he debates of debate.