علی کاوه

Given China’s growing economic growth and the need to supply energy to industries, as well as access to the consumer market for domestic production, Xi Jinping in 2013 introduced the Silk Road Initiative as his country’s macro strategy. The Persian Gulf region is the “economic center of gravity” of the oil industry, with the world's largest oil fields, the lowest production and about two-thirds of the world’s proven energy reserves. With the continuation and deepening of China-West Asia relations in the field of energy supply, efforts have been made to expand and strengthen diplomatic relations with West Asian countries in the past. Given the growing debate and competition from regional and trans-regional actors for greater benefits in West Asia, China, with its growing economic growth and the need to provide energy for continued economic and trade power, through its macro-initiative strategy. The Silk Road has put the expansion of its presence and influence in West Asia on the agenda.Research Question: what goals does China pursue in West Asia through the Energy Silk Road Initiative?

China seeks to secure its energy through the implementation of the Silk Road Initiative through long-term contracts and investments with West Asian countries.Methodology (and Theoretical Framework if there are): Energy security is a multidimensional concept, and different stakeholders look at it from their own perspectives. Supply, demand, industry and the environment are considered different dimensions of energy security. Today, due to the challenges posed to the threat of energy security to the economic infrastructure of countries, many governments consider self-sufficiency in the field of energy to ensure the continuation of productive economic activities, is inevitable. China, as one of the leading countries in the field of economic growth and development, in order to maintain its economic position, which translates its position in the international system, and considering the emphasis on a multilateral approach in the international system and Replacing the existing order, energy security and non-disruption in its provision has been one of the main axes of foreign policy and inviolable principle in pursuit of national interests, so in this study, the discussion of energy security as one of the main areas of the Silk Road Initiative , Has been considered as a point of reference and a conceptual framework for explaining the goals of the Silk Road Initiative in the field of energy in West Asia.

Following the implementation of the Silk Road Initiative in 2013, China’s economic relationship with West Asia entered a more serious phase. indicating that West Asia currently has high priorities in China’s geostrategic sphere. In its cooperation with West Asian countries, China intends to focus on three areas: the first and most important area, the energy sector, the second area, facilitating investment in infrastructure and trade, and the third area, progress in nuclear energy, space satellite and New energy. China has various methods to ensure its energy security, such as huge investments in the exploration and extraction of oil and gas fields, strengthening of energy infrastructure to improve energy efficiency, participation in oil projects, it has used gas, electricity, renewable energy, nuclear energy, etc. in West Asia in the form of the Silk Road initiative. It should also be acknowledged that China’s growing influence in the West Asian region through strategies such as the Silk Road Initiative, despite its declared policy, is not just about economics, but also about pursuing political and security interests and providing the basis for expanding influence and hegemony. The periphery is at the heart of the plan.

Conflicts and political unrest in the West Asian region are causing panic and disruption in China’s energy supply channels. Its acquisition has shifted to Central Asia's energy resources. It should be noted that despite the fact that Beijing supplies most of its energy resources from West Asia, and continued investment to ensure China's energy security is one of its top foreign policy priorities in West Asia. However, the existing political and security challenges in these countries, the energy transfer route, the US influence in the region, etc. are considered as a threat to China’s energy security. Therefore, within the framework of the Silk Road initiative, Beijing has invested in oil and gas resources of Central Asian countries by concluding long-term contracts and investing in energy infrastructure, as a safety valve and alternative to West Asian energy to benefit. Exercising its economic influence in the region will pave the way for regional hegemony and challenge US unilateralism.

Culture plays a significant role in organizations. When members of an organization become accustomed to organizational culture, they perceive the organization's events in a similar way. The main purpose of this study is to present a model of organizational culture in the public sector of Iran using grounded theory.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research (qualitative approach) consists of 15 experts and elites in the field of management (Social Security Organization, Tehran Municipality, and Welfare Organization) in Tehran. The sampling method is a semi-structured individual interview using the snowball technique. The Data were analyzed in the framework of Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory process.

Model of organizational culture in the public sector was able to bring new theoretical insights that were recognized as effective in organizational culture with the help of indicators such as sufficient causal conditions of organizational culture in government departments, contexts of organizational culture in government departments, intervening components regarding organizational culture in government departments, effective strategies on organizational culture in government departments and organizational culture consequences of Iranian governments.

The results show that the high status of human resources, creativity, and individual innovation as well as strengthening the sense of responsibility instead of a sense of duty are among the benefits of organizational culture reform on organizational human resources and increase organizational learning, organizational competitiveness, organizational integration as well as organizational adaptability are other consequences that this cultural change will have on all government organizations.

In order to achieve the desired goals and activities, in addition to obtaining material capital, organizations need qualified human resources to help advance the goals of the organization.      

The main purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions of organizational culture model on employee performance in the Development and Cooperation Bank of Mazandaran Province.      

The method of the present study in this study is descriptive-survey in terms of fundamental purpose. The statistical population of the present study consists of employees and managers of Mazandaran Development and Cooperation Bank. Sampling method In the qualitative part of the study, purposive sampling. In the qualitative part, for data collection, in-depth and semi-structured interviews have been used, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire has been used. Cronbach and finally structural equations were used using Smart PLS software.        

The research findings indicate that the components of organizational culture (contextual factors, causal conditions, central phenomena, strategies, consequences, intervention conditions) had a positive and significant effect on the performance of Development Bank and Cooperative staff.      

The results of this study also showed that the impact of organizational and individual outcomes on the organizational culture model was greater than the rest

China is one of the main players in Central Asia, which pursues its economic and security goals and interests in that region. China’s energy demand has grown by 500 percent since 1980, with rapid economic growth; As China is now the largest consumer of energy and the largest importer of oil in the world, therefore, Central Asia is one of the priorities of China’s foreign policy, considering its energy resources and the possibility of meeting the needs of China’s growing industries. Given the growing competition between regional and trans-regional actors for greater benefits in Central Asia, China is making a concerted effort to expand, given its industrial energy needs and Xinjiang security concerns. Influencing Central Asia is on the agenda; therefore, the Silk Road initiative, with its large volume of investment and its vision, is an important step towards achieving China’s strategic goals in the international arena. Given the importance and scope of the Silk Road initiative for China and its political, economic, and security implications for Central Asia, this study seeks to answer the question that: How does the Silk Road Initiative help shape China’s hegemony in Central Asia? The hypothesis is that the Silk Road initiative, as China’s most important strategy in the new big game with the United States and Russia, contributes to China’s hegemony in the Central Asian region through economic domination and the expansion of political and security influence. The present article is explanatory in nature and method. The results of the studies are as follows:To meet the needs of growing industries, China has adopted a development-oriented foreign policy approach to reach global consumer markets. China needs the energy to continue economic development and attract foreign investment and therefore energy security and ensuring the continuation of energy flows and reducing vulnerability in this area is one of its foreign policy priorities. On the other hand, ensuring the stability and security of Xinjiang is one of the main security concerns of Chinese leaders which can lead to unrest and create danger for other parts of China. Therefore, to advance its macro foreign policy goals and ambitious regional and international intentions, China introduced the Silk Road Initiative in 2013 as the main axis of its foreign and domestic policy. In this regard, Central Asia has been considered as a strategic hub and one of the regions with rich hydrocarbon resources and territorial proximity to pursue national interests in the Silk Road economic belt strategy.As one of the most important measures to reduce their strategic vulnerability, the Chinese leaders have established closer ties with energy-rich countries, including Central Asian countries, through the Silk Road Initiative. On the other hand, due to the proximity of Xinjiang Autonomous Province to Central Asia and China’s security problems and challenges in this province, Central Asia has played a significant role in China’s security strategy. Therefore, given these considerations, China’s growing presence and influence in the Central Asian geo-economy will gradually translate into geopolitical influence. In Central Asia, China seeks to increase its regional influence by increasing its lasting influence and by launching the Silk Road Initiative, with an emphasis on economic exchanges as the fulcrum of the project, with a view to peaceful development and non-alignment. The stimulation of the powers present in the region has put the achievement of regional hegemony on the agenda.Given the undeniable impact of economic growth and development as a bedrock of national stability and security, strengthening the economic strength and stability of Central Asia is closely linked to addressing China’s security problems and this issue is one of the main axes of the Silk Road initiative. The purpose of this plan is to help develop the countries of Central Asia and the western regions of China to ensure security and political stability in China. Therefore, China’s approach in Central Asia is economic and trade dominance as an important prerequisite for ensuring stability and security in western China. However, China’s emergence as a major power in Central Asia has become an undeniable fact due to its economic dominance, energy interests, and political influence. However, it should be emphasized that increasing China’s influence by using strategies such as the Silk Road Initiative, despite its declared policy, is not merely economic, but pursuing political and security interests and providing necessary grounds for expanding China’s influence and hegemony in the periphery. At the heart of the plan, of course, is China’s denial of this approach in the international arena, given the considerations of peaceful development.To further its interests in the region, China has put on the agenda a comprehensive effort to expand its hegemony in Central Asia; the Silk Road Initiative, with its large investment volume. Its vision is taking important steps toward achieving its strategic goals internationally. Based on the results of the study, China, relies on economic growth and development, to counter the US unilateralism in the international system, to establish regional influence and hegemony by using the capacities of the Silk Road initiative. In this regard, in order not to arouse the sensitivity of the United States and preventing it from taking precautionary measures and interventionist steps in this field, it has pursued a cautious foreign policy and has focused its activities on economic relations with the countries of Central Asia.

One of the methods of foreign policy analysis of the Islamic Republic of Iran is to explain the central strategies on the basis of which many actions and reactions of foreign policy can be understood and examined. The strategy of detente in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1989 to 2005 and also from 2013 until now, is one of these strategies with different titles such as "interactive developmentalist" policy and "interaction-oriented moderation" as important. The most foreign policy strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in those periods is considered. Therefore, the way of recognizing and theoretically explaining this strategy can help us to understand Iran's foreign policy more than before. In this article, we seek to explain the concern that de-escalation in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be analyzed on the basis of what theoretical approach? Our findings suggest that the critical hermeneutic approach based on communicative action can be used as a useful theoretical framework for the study of detente in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this article, with descriptive-analytical method, de-tensioning in Iranian foreign policy based on critical hermeneutics focusing on topics such as communicative rationality and Habermas theory of communicative action, Hashemi Rafsanjani pragmatic discourse, Khatami discourse based on communicative rationality and ethics, discourse diplomacy , And the spiritual discourse of moderation and constructive interaction with the world, etc. are discussed in this article.

Engineering structures are prone to damage over their service life as a result of natural disaster so that damage spreading may lead to many casualties. In order to prevent these catastrophic events, early damage detection must be carried out. By considering these issues, numerous structural damage detection methods have been proposed by many researchers in the last few decades. Among all sorts of methods developed for damage detection in structures, vibration-based methods due to their simplicity and applicability are highly favored by many researchers. The basic conceptual of the vibration-based methods is that modal parameters (natural frequencies and their associated mode shapes) are functions of the physical properties of the structure (mass, damping, and stiffness). Therefore, changes in the physical properties will cause changes in the modal properties. A class of vibration-based methods is identified and damages are quantified using the model updating approach. In these methods, an objective function defined in terms of the discrepancies between the analytical model and real structural system is minimized as an optimization problem. In this paper, a novel model updating method is presented based on a structure’s main modal parameters (natural frequencies and their corresponding modal shapes). For this purpose, a hybrid vibration-based objective function is proposed to minimize the differences between the structure’s properties and the analytical model. A penalty function is integrated into the objective function to reduce the effects of noise in damage detection and uncertainties in the assessment procedure. The Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm is applied to solve this problem as an optimization problem. This algorithm is inspired by the traditional learning process of students in school. The two main stages of this algorithm are the effect of the teacher’s knowledge on student learning by the convergence strategy and students learning from each other by the divergence strategy. To evaluate the applicability of the proposed objective function in detecting the location and intensity of the damage, three numerical cases are considered. These cases include an 8-story shear frame, a continuous beam, and a spatial truss. Different challenges such as the effect of noise on measured data and the effect of the penalty-function on results of damage detection were considered. Furthermore, a comparative study is investigated between the proposed objective function and three other objective functions developed based the main model parameters. The results demonstrated that the proposed method is a reliable and stable technique in damage prognosis in structures.

Each organization and institution is formed in the context of the necessity and need in the substrate of the social changes of its duration, and grows with the continuity of interaction with the same community that emerged from it. The higher education system will also be upgraded with a proper understanding of its position and mission, while paying attention to national needs along with developments in the global system. In the Twenty-year Program Document, Iran was aimed to be ranked first in science and technology as well as economic in Southwest Asia. Major efforts of the government and decision-makers of the country were to achieve this goal. This important will not be achieved except by materially and spiritual investment and the development of scientific infrastructures with a fundamental transformation in the country's higher education system. IR Iran Academy of Sciences, together with other institutions that have influenced the development of the macro policies of higher education, and the commitment to their long-standing role in the advancement of science and knowledge, need to pay attention to the importance of empowering the country's higher education system.

With increasing demand for large scale and complex structural models, optimum design has become a challenging and important issue in structural engineering and meta-heuristic algorithms have become powerful tools for optimal design of structures. Charged System Search (CSS) is one of the meta-heuristics, inspired by the governing laws of electrical physics and the Newtonian mechanics, Kaveh and Talatahari (2010). CSS based optimum design of structures needs adjustments for variable based and problem based constraints. The first adjustment guarantees to select from predefined cross sections and as a result, all specifications of sections will be ready to run the analysis and the second one helps to find the optimum design in fewer steps.

W‌a‌v‌e‌l‌e‌t t‌r‌a‌n‌s‌f‌o‌r‌m i‌s a m‌a‌t‌h‌e‌m‌a‌t‌i‌c‌a‌l t‌o‌o‌l w‌h‌i‌c‌h i‌n‌d‌i‌c‌a‌t‌e‌s t‌h‌e t‌i‌m‌e v‌a‌r‌i‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s o‌f f‌r‌e‌q‌u‌e‌n‌c‌y i‌n a s‌i‌g‌n‌a‌l. O‌n t‌h‌e o‌t‌h‌e‌r h‌a‌n‌d, t‌h‌e e‌n‌d‌u‌r‌a‌n‌c‌e t‌i‌m‌e m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d i‌s a n‌e‌w d‌y‌n‌a‌m‌i‌c p‌u‌s‌h‌o‌v‌e‌r p‌r‌o‌c‌e‌d‌u‌r‌e w‌h‌e‌r‌e t‌h‌e p‌e‌r‌f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌n‌c‌e i‌s a‌s‌s‌e‌s‌s‌e‌d b‌a‌s‌e‌d o‌n t‌h‌e l‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h o‌f t‌h‌e t‌i‌m‌e i‌n‌t‌e‌r‌v‌a‌l n‌e‌e‌d‌e‌d t‌o s‌a‌t‌i‌s‌f‌y r‌e‌q‌u‌i‌r‌e‌d p‌e‌r‌f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌n‌c‌e o‌b‌j‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e‌s. I‌n t‌h‌i‌s p‌a‌p‌e‌r, e‌n‌d‌u‌r‌a‌n‌c‌e t‌i‌m‌e a‌c‌c‌e‌l‌e‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n f‌u‌n‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s (E‌T‌A‌F) a‌r‌e g‌e‌n‌e‌r‌a‌t‌e‌d f‌o‌r t‌h‌e c‌o‌m‌p‌a‌t‌i‌b‌l‌e d‌e‌s‌i‌g‌n s‌p‌e‌c‌t‌r‌u‌m o‌f s‌t‌a‌n‌d‌a‌r‌d N‌o. 2800 f‌o‌r s‌o‌i‌l t‌y‌p‌e (I‌I) w‌i‌t‌h w‌a‌v‌e‌l‌e‌t t‌r‌a‌n‌s‌f‌o‌r‌m a‌n‌d o‌p‌t‌i‌m‌i‌z‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n a‌l‌g‌o‌r‌i‌t‌h‌m‌s. T‌o g‌e‌n‌e‌r‌a‌t‌e e‌n‌d‌u‌r‌a‌n‌c‌e t‌i‌m‌e f‌u‌n‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s, i‌n t‌h‌e f‌i‌r‌s‌t s‌t‌e‌p, w‌a‌v‌e‌l‌e‌t a‌n‌a‌l‌y‌s‌i‌s i‌s p‌e‌r‌f‌o‌r‌m‌e‌d t‌o d‌e‌c‌o‌m‌p‌o‌s‌e a s‌e‌r‌i‌e‌s o‌f r‌a‌n‌d‌o‌m d‌a‌t‌a t‌o s‌e‌v‌e‌r‌a‌l l‌e‌v‌e‌l‌s, e‌a‌c‌h l‌e‌v‌e‌l c‌o‌v‌e‌r‌i‌n‌g a s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌a‌l r‌a‌n‌g‌e o‌f f‌r‌e‌q‌u‌e‌n‌c‌i‌e‌s. E‌a‌c‌h l‌e‌v‌e‌l i‌s t‌h‌e‌n d‌i‌v‌i‌d‌e‌d i‌n‌t‌o a n‌u‌m‌b‌e‌r o‌f e‌q‌u‌a‌l t‌i‌m‌e i‌n‌t‌e‌r‌v‌a‌l‌s a‌n‌d e‌a‌c‌h i‌n‌t‌e‌r‌v‌a‌l o‌f t‌i‌m‌e i‌s m‌u‌l‌t‌i‌p‌l‌i‌e‌d b‌y a v‌a‌r‌i‌a‌b‌l‌e. U‌n‌c‌o‌n‌s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌n‌e‌d o‌p‌t‌i‌m‌i‌z‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n a‌l‌g‌o‌r‌i‌t‌h‌m‌s a‌r‌e u‌s‌e‌d t‌o c‌a‌l‌c‌u‌l‌a‌t‌e t‌h‌e v‌a‌r‌i‌a‌b‌l‌e‌s a‌n‌d m‌i‌n‌i‌m‌i‌z‌e t‌h‌e e‌r‌r‌o‌r b‌e‌t‌w‌e‌e‌n t‌h‌e r‌e‌s‌p‌o‌n‌s‌e a‌n‌d t‌h‌e t‌a‌r‌g‌e‌t s‌p‌e‌c‌t‌r‌a. T‌h‌e m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d a‌p‌p‌l‌i‌e‌d i‌s a m‌o‌d‌i‌f‌i‌c‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f t‌h‌e d‌a‌t‌a i‌n t‌h‌e t‌i‌m‌e a‌n‌d f‌r‌e‌q‌u‌e‌n‌c‌y d‌o‌m‌a‌i‌n. F‌o‌r t‌h‌i‌s p‌u‌r‌p‌o‌s‌e, t‌h‌e e‌f‌f‌i‌c‌i‌e‌n‌c‌y o‌f t‌h‌e h‌e‌u‌r‌i‌s‌t‌i‌c a‌l‌g‌o‌r‌i‌t‌h‌m (G‌A), t‌h‌e c‌l‌a‌s‌s‌i‌c a‌l‌g‌o‌r‌i‌t‌h‌m (q‌u‌a‌s‌i-N‌e‌w‌t‌o‌n a‌l‌g‌o‌r‌i‌t‌h‌m) a‌n‌d t‌h‌e‌i‌r c‌o‌m‌b‌i‌n‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n, f‌o‌r t‌h‌e s‌i‌m‌p‌l‌i‌f‌i‌e‌d o‌b‌j‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e f‌u‌n‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n (d‌u‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f t‌h‌i‌s o‌b‌j‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e f‌u‌n‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n i‌s 5.12 s‌e‌c‌o‌n‌d‌s, w‌h‌i‌c‌h c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌s‌t o‌f 512 a‌c‌c‌e‌l‌e‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n p‌o‌i‌n‌t‌s i‌n 0.01s t‌i‌m‌e s‌t‌e‌p‌s) i‌s e‌v‌a‌l‌u‌a‌t‌e‌d. T‌h‌e a‌l‌g‌o‌r‌i‌t‌h‌m w‌h‌i‌c‌h d‌e‌t‌e‌r‌m‌i‌n‌e‌s t‌h‌e m‌i‌n‌i‌m‌u‌m e‌r‌r‌o‌r i‌n t‌h‌e s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌f‌i‌e‌d i‌t‌e‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n i‌s s‌e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌e‌d a‌s t‌h‌e b‌e‌s‌t m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d t‌o o‌p‌t‌i‌m‌i‌z‌e. E‌m‌p‌l‌o‌y‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌i‌s o‌p‌t‌i‌m‌i‌z‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d, t‌h‌e m‌a‌i‌n a‌c‌c‌e‌l‌e‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n f‌u‌n‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n (d‌u‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f t‌h‌i‌s o‌b‌j‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e f‌u‌n‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n i‌s 20.48 s‌e‌c‌o‌n‌d‌s, w‌h‌i‌c‌h c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌s‌t o‌f 2048 a‌c‌c‌e‌l‌e‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n p‌o‌i‌n‌t‌s i‌n 0.01s t‌i‌m‌e s‌t‌e‌p‌s) i‌s p‌r‌o‌d‌u‌c‌e‌d. F‌i‌n‌a‌l‌l‌y, e‌r‌r‌o‌r v‌a‌l‌u‌e‌s o‌f t‌h‌e a‌c‌c‌e‌l‌e‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n f‌u‌n‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s p‌r‌o‌d‌u‌c‌e‌d a‌r‌e c‌o‌m‌p‌a‌r‌e‌d w‌i‌t‌h E‌T‌A20d a‌c‌c‌e‌l‌e‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n f‌u‌n‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s. T‌h‌e t‌a‌r‌g‌e‌t t‌i‌m‌e o‌f t‌h‌e f‌u‌n‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s i‌s 10t‌h o‌f a s‌e‌c‌o‌n‌d w‌h‌e‌n t‌h‌e r‌e‌s‌p‌o‌n‌s‌e o‌f a S‌D‌O‌F s‌y‌s‌t‌e‌m w‌i‌t‌h a d‌a‌m‌p‌i‌n‌g r‌a‌t‌i‌o o‌f 5% e‌q‌u‌a‌l‌s t‌h‌e c‌o‌d‌i‌f‌i‌e‌d t‌e‌m‌p‌l‌a‌t‌e d‌e‌s‌i‌g‌n s‌p‌e‌c‌t‌r‌u‌m.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present four strategies to increase the accuracy and speed of optimization of truss structures under the constraint of Structural System Failure Probability (SSFP). In the first strategy based on the probability rules, a criterion is defined to avoid producing many correlated paths and obtain more accurate upper bound of SSFP. In the second strategy, the force method formulation is improved and employed to analyze trusses with different topologies. In the third strategy two intelligent agents are utilized to identify the repeated paths and determine the fitness of the best chromosomes in each generation. Using the fourth strategy, the chromosomes, whose SSFP is much larger or smaller than the allowable value, are identified during the analysis and the analysis is terminated at that stage.

D u e t o t h e l a c k o f e a r t h q u a k e r e c o r d s a n d l i m i t a t i o n s o n o n e h a n d, a n d t h e i n c r e a s i n g d e m a n d o n t i m e-h i s t o r y d y n a m i c a n a l y s i s o f s t r u c t u r e s o n t h e o t h e r h a n d, g e n e r a t i o n o f a r t i f i c i a l e a r t h q u a k e a c c e l e r o g r a m s b e c o m e s a m o r e a n d m o r e i m p o r t a n t r e s e a r c h t o p i c. I n s u c h a s i t u a t i o n, u s i n g a r t i f i c i a l a c c e l e r o g r a m s s e e m s t o b e t h e m o s t l o g i c a l a n d p r a c t i c a l a p p r o a c h. T h e s e a c c e l e r o g r a m s s h o u l d b e c o n s t r u c t e d i n s u c h a m a n n e r t h a t i n c l u d e s t h e s e i s m i c c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e r e g i o n i n w h i c h a s t r u c t u r a l d e s i g n i s p e r f o r m e d. B e c a u s e o f t h e r a n d o m n a t u r e o f e a r t h q u a k e s, o n e s h o u l d g e n e r a t e m a n y r e c o r d s, o n w h i c h a n a c c e p t a b l e a n a l y s i s c a n b e b a s e d. T h e b e s t a c c e l e r o g r a m i s o n e t h a t h a s c o m p a t i b l e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s w i t h t h e d e s i r e d a r e a. T h e r e f o r e, i t i s d i f f i c u l t o r m a y b e i m p o s s i b l e, i n s o m e c a s e s, t o c h o o s e a p r o p e r r e c o r d f o r a d e s i g n a r e a, b e c a u s e t h e r e c o r d e d a n d p r o c e s s e d a c c e l e r o g r a m s o f t h e d e s i g n l o c a t i o n a r e f e w. B e s i d e s, o t h e r l o c a t i o n r e c o r d s d o n o t s a t i s f y t h e g e o-s e i s m i c c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e d e s i r e d l o c a t i o n. W a v e l e t s a r e c a p a b l e o f d e c o m p o s i n g a t i m e s e r i e s t o d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s, s u c h t h a t e a c h l e v e l c o v e r s a d e f i n i t e f r e q u e n c y d o m a i n. T h e p u r p o s e o f t h e c l a s s i c w a v e l e t i s t o p r o v i d e a n a l t e r n a t e w a y o f b r e a k i n g a s i g n a l d o w n i n t o i t s c o n s t i t u e n t p a r t s. L o w a n d h i g h f r e q u e n c i e s h a v e n a r r o w a n d w i d e b a n d s, r e s p e c t i v e l y. T h e r e f o r e, a s i g n a l c o u l d b e s e p a r a t e d i n t o t w o s u b-s i g n a l s o f a p p r o x i m a t i o n a n d d e t a i l b y u s i n g l o w a n d h i g h p a s s f i l t e r s. I n t h i s p a p e r, a c o m b i n a t i o n o f a r t i f i c i a l n e u r a l n e t w o r k s a n d w a v e l e t s a r e e m p l o y e d f o r t h e f o r m a t i o n o f a r t i f i c i a l e a r t h q u a k e a c c e l e r o g r a m s w i t h a r e s p o n s e s p e c t r u m s i m i l a r t o t h a t o f t h e t a r g e t s p e c t r u m. S i n c e w a v e l e t s p e r m i t t h e d e c o m p o s i t i o n o f e a c h s i g n a l, i t e n a b l e s u s e o f t h e p a r a m e t e r s t o g e n e r a t e m a n y r e c o r d s, w h e r e a l l t h e s e f o l l o w a s i n g l e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h e t a r g e t s p e c t r u m. T h i s p a p e r p r e s e n t s a s i m p l e a n d a p p l i c a b l e m e t h o d t o g e n e r a t e m a n y a r t i f i c i a l r e c o r d s h a v i n g t h e g i v e n s p e c t r u m. B e s i d e s, t h e m e t h o d a p p l i e s r e a l r e c o r d s, w h i c h a r e m o r e r e l i a b l e t h a n o t h e r r a n d o m m e t h o d s. T h e f e a s i b i l i t y a n d r e l i a b i l i t y o f t h e m e t h o d h a v e b e e n v e r i f i e d w i t h d i f f e r e n t e x a m p l e s.

Transmission Towers and important components of the main transmission lines are In Brqrsany play an important role. The power transmission tower The conductor held responsible in a certain distance from the earth, must Able to withstand the mechanical forces imposed on itself in the worst circumstances And climate are. Considering the multiplicity of members and high cost structures Each, both in terms of materials and performance, they can be highly optimized Is important. These structures, usually under the combined loadings of Been numerous and optimization process faced with numerous analysis Will. In this report the use of genetic algorithms for optimization Was. One of the problems in the use of genetic algorithms for Bhynhyaby Bhazay structures that should per string, each generation of a Program analyst to do the calculation. Such a matter requires Matrices is Mkvssazy. Was seen in the tower of Zyadshdn Members and geometry in the absence of mast Bhynhyaby also be onsidered, the convergence Method is very slow. In these conditions the combination of neural networks and algorithms Genetics has been used. Thus the task of analyzing part of the mast Bhhdhy network. Using genetic networks along the convergence speed Remained very high. Genetic algorithms also selected Chndjmyty Is. Abstract The purpose of this article generally the effect of applying the network and not using it and Compare the impact of genetics is Chndjmyty.

In this paper by using concepts of graph theory, forces method and substructure ing method for analysis of structures, some methods have been introduced for optimal analysis of structures in a large scale, using substructuring method.
Planar rigid frames assuming linear behavior and small deformations, have been optimal analyzed, by using forces method. Thus, a FORTRAN POWER STATION computational software called FORCE has been provided.
Large scale planar rigid frames are analyzed assuming linear behavior (without considering P-Δ effect etc). Thus, a FORTRAN POWER STATION computational software called SUBFRAME has been provided.

A literature survey has been conducted, documented and published on the work of Iranian researchers and scientists in different fields of civil engineering. In addition, the history of science related to civil engineering and its evolutionary process has been investigated. Based on this research, case studies have been presented in the area of construction of dams in different historical eras of ancient Iran.

There is a high rate of female graduates from higher learning institutes of the country every year. Deployment of these graduates, knowledge in various fields is a significant contribution to the scientific and economic development of our society. This paper studies the role of women in different engineering fields. It also identifies the existing resourses for women’s participation in the abovementioned fields and the important parameters in the process of women’s employment. Different statistical studies were co ducted based on the two hypothesis of this research which are: 1. The relationship between women’s characteristics and their role in engineering fields, 2. The influence of the social parameters on the role of women. Through the evaluation of the results, the percentage of female graduates and also the percentage of female employees in engineering field’s were calculated. Ultimately, a case study consisting of Iran, France, England, China and also the United States was carried out.