علی کرمی

The traditional architecture of Iran, particularly its houses, is influenced by the identity and cultural values of the people of that time. Observation of privacy and its hierarchy in the structure of traditional houses is among the principles of traditional houses in Iran. Analysis and investigation of spatial relations in these buildings regarding privacy help us preserve and create privacy in modern housing. One can employ the space syntax theory to identify spatial ties and use them as an appropriate pattern. This theory allows us to know and analyze the social relationships in a building. To do data analysis in this study, some samples are chosen from among traditional houses of the Qajar Period with different and various plan structures using the quantitative cognition method through space syntax techniques and DepthMap Software. This study employed Visibility Graph Analysis to assess the spatial relations in the building. This analysis has been used to examine the depth index and two visual integrity and connectivity for eight case studies. Furthermore, privacy hierarchy has been analyzed in the structure of case studies by comparing these two indices. The results show that houses having one courtyard or the plan structure is designed in a way that most spaces of the house are arranged around one of the courtyards provide a more regular pattern of privacy hierarchy from public to private spaces rather than the samples having many courtyards that are similar in dimensions and shape. The mentioned case makes it easy for us to comprehend space, so the legibility of the spaces is higher in these case studies. However, privacy in houses with several courtyards is more observed than in houses with one courtyard.

The investment capacity in wind power generation is growing significantly. However, the increasing penetration of wind energy in the network may lead to instability of the system and this may have negative impacts on the power quality of the system. In recent years, the effects of wind turbines on the voltage stability of power systems have received much attention. In the past, wind turbines based on squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) were usually used due to their low cost and simplicity. But in recent years, wind turbines based on doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) are mostly used because they are more stable. Recent studies have shown that the performance of the grid-connected wind turbines can be improved by employing flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices. In this paper, the performance of a 9 MW wind turbine based on SCIG and DFIG in the presence and absence of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), at the point of common connection (PCC) is investigated, considering single-phase and two-phase short circuit faults. A voltage stability index (VSI) is used to evaluate the stability of the wind turbines. The simulation results show that in the case of a two-phase fault that the system variables experience some oscillations, SSSC helps to damp out the generated oscillations faster and improve system stability. In particular, in the presence of SSSC, oscillations for the wind turbine voltage, reactive power and active power are damped out about 0.3, 0.5 and 0.6 seconds faster, respectively. All simulations are performed in MATLAB/Simulink software.

The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variation of some soil properties such as soil texture, organic carbon content, soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) using geostatistical methods in Margon town, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. For this purpose, 58 surface soil samples (0-30 cm depth) were prepared from the studied area and some physical and chemical characteristics of the soils were measured. The studied properties were estimated by various interpolation methods including ordinary kriging, simple kriging, disjunctive kriging, co-kriging, and inverse distance weighting (IDW) using GIS software. The capability of these methods was evaluated by the mean absolute error (MAE), and the root mean square error (RMSE). Based on the absolute mean error and the squared mean squared error, the spherical model for pH, salinity, sand percentage and soil silt percentage and the exponential model for clay and organic carbon percentage had the highest accuracy. Moreover, the results indicated that conventional co-kriging method for organic carbon percentage content and soil pH, simple co-kriging method for clay and silt percentage, simple kriging method for soil EC, and conventional kriging method for sand percentage were the most suitable methods as compared to the other studied methods.

Traditionally, public diplomacy has been centered around collecting and disseminating information. On the one hand, diplomats must collect information about how foreign audiences perceive the actions of a particular government, and on the other hand, they must assess the nature of relations between the two countries and identify opportunities or threats of bilateral cooperation. In this regard, the most important obstacles and problems facing the public diplomacy cycle are: Chart 1: Obstacles and problems of the public diplomacy cycleHowever, throughout history, technological advances have always impacted the field of diplomacy and public diplomacy and often transformed the structure of international relations. Consider the emergence of the telegraph in the nineteenth century, an advancement that transformed diplomatic communications by drastically reducing the time needed to exchange messages between countries. This transition accelerated diplomatic negotiations and created new dynamics in power relations and information management. Similarly, the emergence of the Internet in the late twentieth century further transformed diplomacy and enabled instant global communications and rapid dissemination of information. While the Internet revolutionized how we communicate, work, and access information, artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming how we live, work, and interact with technology. AI is a branch of computer science that aims to develop intelligent machines that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence. AI systems use algorithms and deep learning models to learn from large datasets and improve accuracy over time. AI can be divided into two primary types: narrow or weak AI and general or strong AI. Narrow AI is designed to perform specific tasks, while general AI is intended for human-like thinking and reasoning. Like the Internet, AI has the potential to transform society in ways we cannot yet predict. Both technologies have the power to create new industries and change existing ones. As we examine the potential and challenges of integrating AI into diplomacy, it is important to note that technology has continuously acted as a catalyst for change in this field and established a precedent for AI's potential role in shaping the future of international relations.

Accordingly, the present study aimed to analyze and examine the role of AI in public diplomacy. The main research question is: what are the strengths, weaknesses, as well as opportunities and threats of the widespread implementation of AI in public diplomacy?

This study used a SWOT analysis and data was collected through review of theoretical literature and previous research. The SWOT method shown below was used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of AI in public diplomacy. This study uses the SWOT components as the four main categories of analytical subjects. The themes and patterns in the four main categories are processed mostly through an inductive analysis of the findings. A total of 18 research papers were selected for the final analysis in this study.

The main findings resulting from reviewing and studying 18 research papers listed in the above table have been classified into categories of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the table below:Table 2: Findings classified using SWOT

AI software can be used to better understand where narratives take root, helping public diplomacy practitioners know where to focus attention and resources to counter misinformation and hostile influence campaigns. AI's data collection capabilities can help diplomats analyze how their country's interests and actions are portrayed in foreign media, and then local information and outreach efforts to improve penetration. AI-based analysis of social media platforms can also assess the impact of content produced through public diplomacy. In addition to external analytical capabilities, AI tools can simplify internal datasets and global events through the analysis of diplomatic documents sent by embassies, media summaries, briefings, and even diplomats' analysis of local information. Ministries of foreign affairs, ambassadors, and diplomats can use AI tools like chatbots, GPT-3, or Anthropic to analyze news coverage about their home country, gaining insights into topics of discussion reflecting the country's changing political, social, and economic outlook, some potential trends observable over the long term, periodic shifts and changes in media priorities influenced by live geo-political dynamics and events. With modern AI technology, voice mimicry is also possible. Diplomatic channels may be monitored by other countries' intelligence agencies and potentially criminal groups that can access specialized technologies like eavesdropping. Often hidden data (photos, videos, audio recordings) and even fabricated news that an ordinary person could in no way verify their authenticity appear in the media. Such manipulations pose a serious threat to social stability and influence public opinion. AI technologies can also be used in political struggles against rival forces. Diplomats' readiness for change and understanding and use of AI technologies is important. This highlights the need for interdisciplinary educational programs combining innovative thinking, big data management, and machine learning to strengthen effective collaboration between diplomats and technical experts.

The influence and social base of the clergy is one of the topics that has always been discussed. Therefore, through historical events, thinkers have debated about the role and influence of the clergy in its realization. This paper, unlike other researches that investigate the influence of the clergy in a past event, examines the issue with a view to the future and aims to examine the influence and social base of the clergy in the future. In order to solve this problem, in the first step by reviewing the literature, drivers affecting the topic were identified and important drivers were introduced after seven Delphi method steps. In the next step, the key drivers were identified with the method of cross-impact analysis and using the Mic Mac software. Finally, using scenario wizard software, the scenarios ahead of the subject were examined. By examining the opinions of experts, 6 key drivers were identified out of 15 important and influential drivers, and by using the opinions of experts, four possible scenarios were designed, which are one favorable scenario, one disaster scenario, and two intermediate scenarios. Among the stated scenarios, the most likely scenario is the spiritual scenario, which can be made more prominent in the society with the changes in educational, educational and social policies that were mentioned in the policies section.

The idea of creating smart machines and artificial intelligence has been around for centuries and dates back to at least the 14th century. Although the application of artificial intelligence in education is a very new field, but during the last 25 years, artificial intelligence has made achievements in some fields. Which has also affected education of course, criticisms have also been raised against excessive optimism towards contemporary artificial intelligence research. Little research has been done on the expectations of the role of artificial intelligence in education and its potential impact on education. The purpose of this study is to analyze and investigate the role of artificial intelligence in education.

Methods and Materoal:

This study was done using SWOT analysis method and its data collection method is also a library

Text In general, artificial intelligence as a catalyst for teaching and learning with the help of computers is a field with many applications. The teaching of science, technology, engineering and mathematics subjects can be enhanced with artificial intelligence-based software systems. Another potential strength is the potential of AI systems to serve learners across schools, borders, and platforms in creating ecosystems of interactive learning tools. Additionally, AI systems in education may be used to evaluate different learning models throughout the school. Without strong artificial intelligence, tutoring systems cannot provide rapid feedback to learners and enable stimulating interaction. With a realistic view, weak to moderate and strong artificial intelligence have a good ability to support teaching and learning and facilitate the daily work of teachers.Intelligent learning systems often have less artificial intelligence than expected, especially when it comes to interacting with students. Baker (2016) in a critical position classified many of the existing education systems under stupid education systems. His concept for online learning is to enhance data-driven human intelligence rather than data-driven artificial intelligence. In order to more dynamically use AI in education, there is a need for training data, one of the problems that arise is how to ensure that the data is real and free from bias. As stated by Popenici and Kerr (2017), complex AI algorithms are designed by human programmers who are likely to include their own agendas or biases in the development of the system. An important aspect of high-level machine intelligence is that it customizes learning for each student, but in doing so it intervenes by standardizing content and what is expected of the student.As reviewed by Lakin et al. (2016), it is hard to see a future where teachers are replaced by artificial intelligence systems or robots. A more positive and realistic scenario is that the role of the teacher evolves and transforms, freeing teachers from tedious daily tasks. In addition, AI in education has the potential to relieve the teacher of the burden of having all the knowledge and information that can be relevant to students. A possible use of artificial intelligence in education in the future is in the form of robots (collaborative robots) that help teachers in their daily work and tailor the learning experience to each student, for example in recording and analyzing the work of these students. And report to the teacher. The use of intelligent learning systems can provide customized instruction or instant feedback to students at any time of the day. But the depth of customization is one of the truly critical features, not superficial and personalized learning. Studies show that developers of intelligent instructional systems have been successful in their goal of adapting and surpassing computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and human teacher training in raising student test scores.The negative change in the role of the teacher may be caused by the design of stereotypical courses with low-level multiple-choice questions and the use of teachers as content developers. Most school curricula and teacher training programs are not wellprepared to take advantage of the benefits of artificial intelligence in education due to not providing artificial intelligence courses to their teachers. If teachers are not trained in the use of artificial intelligence, this can lead to misuse of the technology, for example in protecting privacy and using personal data for influence. According to Nicholas and Holmes (2018), an ethical framework should be established for the use of artificial intelligence in education, and even if adopted, it should be continuously discussed and updated to allow for the capabilities and scope of artificial intelligence and the potential use of reflect it. A growing concern among many education workers is the fear of unemployment as high-level machine intelligence systems completely take over the teaching profession. According to Popenici and Kerr (2017), artificial intelligence currently has the potential to replace a large number of teaching assistants and administrative staff in education, and therefore it is more important to investigate its impact on education. Studies show that widespread use of high-level AI systems may disrupt students' ability to learn independently and develop 21st century skills such as problem solving and critical thinking. Finally, the most severe threat to students may be AI. Surveillance cameras with built-in facial recognition. Along with machine learning, facial recognition is one area where AI is advancing much faster than AI ethics. By using this technology, schools may collect students' biometric information, for example, under the pretext of reducing the many working hours that employees spend on registration and attendance. Support using artificial intelligence systems in education and robotics is certainly an opportunity, but social robots are still in their infancy and have limited social skills. In the near future, a realistic opportunity lies in the development of robots that can provide personalized content and rapid feedback. As in the manufacturing industry, teachers will soon be able to reprogram the cobots using block programming code that doesn't require advanced programming skills. Of course, there are also threats, and for purely economic reasons, we will probably experience cases where teachers are replaced by artificial intelligence solutions in education. Universities with financial problems may be tempted to try solutions, such as Deakin University in Australia, which offers a service where any student who asks can expect tailored information and advice. However, since the common concern is how to submit assignments and how to pay for parking, such systems pose a threat to administrative staff rather than teachers. Finally, as with AI in general, ethics is a major and immediate challenge in the use of AI in education, even though the threats posed by AI in education may not be as dramatic as in other AI areas. Automatic will not be useful. Quality teaching is a complex and creative profession involving improvisation and spontaneity where humans are not easily replaced. In general evaluation, it can be said that there are many ways that artificial intelligence can help students. From identifying signs of effort to creating a more interactive and personalized learning program.Here are four ways that artificial intelligence can have a positive impact on student learning; Personalized learning: The ability to respond to personalized learning needs is one of the most positive benefits of artificial intelligence in education. Artificial intelligence technology can easily adapt to different learning styles. AI technology can analyze students' past performance and create tailored curricula and settings based on past performance. When it comes to personalized learning, AI can also point students in the right direction for resources and other useful data and information. Artificial intelligence has the ability to provide personalized study plans for students without having to wait for interventions from learning professionals. All while meeting the overall goal of making learning easier and helping students engage with content more effectively. Ultimately, where AI really helps personalized learning is in its ability to reach students on a massive scale. With overcrowded classrooms at the elementary school level and classrooms of hundreds at the secondary level, AI can help personalize education for all students at once, making it easier for everyone to succeed. Tutoring: Sometimes students need extra help, and AI allows you to access on-demand tutoring without an in-person or live tutoring session. Because the AI uses algorithms to adapt, it can quickly change to cover the areas where students need the most support. Just like a human tutor who adapts to a student's learning style and ability to absorb information, AI tutoring systems are very useful in their ability to focus on improving and deepening student learning as a whole. The main advantage of AI-based tutoring technology is the ability to help students understand complex concepts and terms on a mass level. Finally, with artificial intelligence, access to tutoring is no longer limited to those who can afford it. In addition, instructors can spend less time helping those who do not understand the concepts. Assessment and grading: A large part of teachers' time is spent grading assignments. Artificial intelligence technology can help speed up this process. Additionally, when it comes to grading assignments, AI technology can help analyze and get feedback from students on things like grammar, content, and vocabulary. By removing this part of teachers' duties, they can focus on other aspects of teaching that are more important, such as lesson planning and student engagement. Finally, one of the biggest benefits of automated assessment is that it eliminates human error, biases, and mistakes. It can also give each student an outline of where they went wrong and how they can improve, without taking up extra time from teachers. Improving student interaction: Artificial intelligence can engage students in educational content and make learning more interesting. One of the ways that educators and teachers can incorporate artificial intelligence into the classroom is through the use of catboats. The ability of catboats to personalize and adapt to students' learning styles creates more opportunities to keep students engaged, and the fact that catboats can be accessed anytime or anywhere means that students they can work at their own pace and continue their learning outside of traditional classroom time. The fact that AI improves engagement is exciting for course planners and administrators. This means they can deliver highly personalized and interactive learning in their courses, regardless of the subject, helping to amplify the impact on people's lives. Discussed how artificial intelligence can be useful for students. In addition there is great potential impact on coaches and teachers – particularly in ways it can save time.The three advantages of artificial intelligence in education for teachers are: 1- Predictive analysis an interesting and emerging area of artificial intelligence in education is prediction. AI can analyze data and predict which students might fall behind due to the educational gap. Predictive analytics is exciting for educators because it means students struggling with learning challenges can be identified earlier and given the tools they need to succeed. Additionally, early intervention means that students who otherwise fail or struggle might have the opportunity to become successful students by giving them the right tools to help them succeed. 2-Advanced educational methods one of the methods of using artificial intelligence in education is to improve teaching methods. Today, due to the vast amount of content and information, teachers often have little time to organize alternative learning methods without spending more than hours of classroom time. Using artificial intelligence technology, teachers have the ability to quickly put together games and simulations that help students practice and learn the lessons being taught without spending more time on lesson planning. It saves a lot of time for teachers. 3- Facilitating evaluations and grading if you ask any teacher, they will tell you that assessment is one of the most time-consuming parts of the job. One of the exciting areas of artificial intelligence in education is the use of artificial intelligence technology to improve and speed up the assessment and grading process. For example, assessments can be done in real time instead of lengthy home marking. This not only saves time for teachers, but also improves students' understanding of the material in the moment.

The research findings show that there are both opportunities and threats regarding the role of artificial intelligence in contemporary education. In many ways, AI appears to have a promotional mode. But like other areas of advertising, it has the potential to grow with specific applications in educational and learning activities. The results of the research show that the awareness of artificial intelligence and the study of the role of artificial intelligence in education will reduce the risk of substituting artificial intelligence instead of using artificial intelligence in education

Magnesium is an essential element for plant growth. Additionally, magnesium plays an important role in carbohydrate partitioning and dry matter production between the root and shoot. One of the main challenges facing vegetable producers in greenhouses in southern Iran is magnesium deficiency, especially in the middle of the growing season, due to various reasons such as poor water quality and excessive use and irrational consumption of potassium fertilizers in the reproductive phase. Therefore, finding practical solutions that help reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, production costs, environmental risks, increase efficiency, performance, and improve food security and sustainable agriculture is essential. The present study aims to propose a practical solution for improving the growth and quality of greenhouse cucumbers under conditions of reduced magnesium in the nutrient solution, while reducing fertilizer consumption, by using magnesium amino chelates and native seaweed extracts from the Persian Gulf. This experiment was conducted in the autumn and winter of 2022-2023 in the educational-research greenhouse in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, in a split-plot design as a basic block with complete randomization and three replicates. The experimental treatments included foliar application of different concentrations of magnesium aminochelate (0, 2.5, and 5 ml/L) and seaweed extract of Sargassum angustifolium (0, 1.5, and 3 g/L). The foliar application of magnesium aminochelate and seaweed extract started two weeks after transplanting and continued once a week until one week before harvest (a total of 8 weeks out of 11 weeks). During the growing season and after the treatment effects, growth and quantitative factors such as root, stem, and leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf number and area, fruit fresh weight, fruit length and diameter, and qualitative factors such as TSS, pH, and EC of fruit juice, titratable acidity, fruit firmness, and fruit dry matter percentage were measured in cucumber plants. The results of the interaction between different concentrations of magnesium aminochelate and seaweed extract showed that with increasing magnesium concentration up to 5 ml/L and seaweed extract up to 3 g/L, there was a significant increase in root, stem, and leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf number and area, and fruit fresh weight. The Mg3×S3 treatment (5 ml/L of magnesium aminochelate and 3 g per liter of seaweed extract) and the control treatment (Mg1×S1) (zero ml/L of magnesium aminochlate and zero g/L of algal extract) had the highest and lowest values of growth indices, respectively. Increasing the levels of seaweed extract up to the 3 g/L and concentration of magnesium aminochlate up to the level of 5 ml/L led to a twofold increase in fruit fresh weight. The highest TSS of fruit juice was observed in the Mg3×S3 treatment (4.73%) and the lowest in the control treatment (Mg1×S1) (2.13%). The results of this study showed that in the reduced magnesium solution, simultaneous increase in seaweed extract and magnesium aminochelate led to an increase in cucumber fruit dry matter percentage. The lowest fruit dry matter percentage was observed in the Mg1×S1 treatment (2.27%), while the highest was observed in the Mg3×S3 treatment (4.78%). The findings of this experiment showed that the use of magnesium aminochelate probably increases chlorophyll production and seaweed extract through biomass improvement and growth stimulation ameliorates the growth, yield, and quality characteristics of cucumber fruit. Based on the results of this study, the use of 5 ml/L of magnesium aminochelate and 3 g/L of seaweed extract is recommended to improve the growth, yield, and quality indices of greenhouse cucumber under magnesium deficiency conditions.

This research has been written with the aim of prioritizing the incentives proposed in the family and youth protection law in the form of upstream documents with a strategic foresight approach. This research has reached its conclusion in three steps. In the first step, the meta-analysis method was used to understand the current situation, in the second step, by document study, the existing documents regarding the subject were examined, and finally, in the third step, by using It has identified key and important incentives from the Delphi technique. In this research, after reviewing the upstream documents and identifying their emphasis on the issue of population youth, the incentives proposed in the law were counted and using the opinions of experts, key incentives were selected through five Delphi steps. In the continuation of the work, after identifying the four crises, incentives were proposed to the policy maker apart from the incentives proposed in the law. In this research, an attempt was made to institutionalize the proposition that the time has come to end the method of cross-sectional action and trial and error in this field, and considering the existing limitations, effective factors should be extracted in order to design a comprehensive framework for policy making. By means of it, you can survive this important crossing.

The issue of the decline of civilizations is one of the most strategic issues discussed in humanities. The decline of civilization happens in different dimensions and somehow involves all fields and sub-fields of human sciences. The purpose of this research is to examine the indicators of the decline of civilization in Islamic and Western narratives. The main question of the research is that considering that the indicators of life and durability of any civilization are multiple and diverse does the decline of civilization seem equally unpredictable and confusing? The method of conducting this research is qualitative. The data studied in the research are collected from library sources and reliable scientific-research articles. The results of the research show that the decline of civilization is not like a drop in the stock index of a company in the stock market, but it is like the entire stock market of a country experiencing a crisis and a continuous drop in the index. Of course, the point that is very important to pay attention to in the study of the decline of civilizations is that civilizations have their own characteristics at any point in history, and it is not possible to draw general principles for their decline, and based on those general principles, we await an event as great as the decline of civilization. sat and in fact, despite all the brilliant works that have been written in this field, there is practically no general and coherent theory about decline. The decline of a civilization is like a book with an open ending to which a new chapter is added in each period, and at the present time the chapter that is being written is a chapter titled The Decline of American Civilization.

In recent years, The use of renewable energy has grown exponentially due to its many benefits, including no need for fuel and no harm to the environment. However, the use of renewable energy sources in power systems has caused new problems for these systems. In this regard, the study of the dynamic behavior of power systems, including farms or wind turbines, has been the focus of many researchers. In wind farms, one of the types of squirrel cage induction generators (SCIG) or double-fed induction generators (DFIG) is generally used. But both types of induction generators are used in a combined wind farm (CWF). But it should be noted that in order to improve the dynamic behavior of combined wind farms, it is necessary to use compensators in the system. STATCOM (static synchronous compensator) is widely used among the types of compensators. A STATCOM can quickly control the bus voltage connected to it by injecting or absorbing reactive power into the system. In this article, first, a power system connected to a hybrid wind farm is selected, in which a STATCOM is used in one bus. Then, a supplementary PID controller is used in the STATCOM structure to effectively dampen the fluctuations of the system variables in the face of errors. Also, the heuristic particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is used to determine the optimal values of the coefficients of the PID controller. But since determining the optimal coefficients of the PID controller using the PSO algorithm is a time-consuming task, an artificial neural network (ANN) is also used to estimate the controller parameters in time when the working conditions of the system change. The results of the performed simulations are presented and the correctness of the proposed method is confirmed. All simulations are done in MATLAB/Simulink software.

As an authentic Islamic religion, Shia has a powerful organization of clergy under the aristocracy of the seminary organization. With the occurrence of the Islamic revolution, this institution has seen many changes and has had structural and content changes in different stages. The last of these developments is the program that was announced at the beginning of the 1401 academic year after six years of research work and experimental implementation. Whether or not the characteristics of the level of Islamic civilization are considered in this program based on the thought of the Supreme Leader, is the question of the present research. Therefore, compared to the previous program, the mentioned program is examined with a critical eye, and by stating its merits and demerits, the missed expectations in order to reach the seminary level of modern Islamic civilization are identified and explained based on the menus of the Supreme Leader. be made In this research, sixteen unique features of this program, which are different from the previous program, have been identified, and seventeen expectations have been extracted from the statements of the Supreme Leader's revolutionary thought; Finally, a suitable model for the seminary suitable for the modern Islamic civilization has been introduced.

The present article investigates and studies the position of Islamic resistance forces in the politics of Iran in the Middle East. The main question of the article is: What is the role of Islamic resistance groups in foreign policy? A. Iran plays in the Middle East region? The hypothesis that is raised following this question is: the use of Islamic resistance groups by J. A. Iran should be considered in the framework of the principle of self-help, which foreign policy c. A. Iran follows its neighbors and Middle East countries. The results of the research show that, firstly, the Islamic Republic of Iran uses the self-help policy - which the Islamic resistance groups are the means of realizing - according to its ideological, geopolitical and security requirements, and secondly, this regime, in line with its transnational goals. prefers supporting Islamic resistance groups over regional cooperation and alliances in the Middle East. In the present study, the research method is a descriptive-analytical qualitative method and the discussed data were collected through library sources and in the form of surveys.

Knowledge producing as a space and an apparatus is a significant concerning in modern states in order to obtaining of power and hegemony. Knowledge, particularly in the field of humanities, has create interference with territorial identity in which the more vernacular producing, the more consistency of a history and geography. Therefore, there is a growing concerning about the problem of indigenous knowledge producing equaled with history and territorial identity of Iran’s political unity which of can resist against the “other” and “western” knowledge fields. In this regard, the paper by descriptive-analytical method is going to study of the virtual space role in producing and consistency of humanities circumstances in Iran. The results indicate that the virtual space produces multiple, becoming and un-indigenous identities which aren’t appropriate to meaning based culture and indigenous territory of Iran according to western basement, production field, items and themes. Dominance of virtual space with westernize discourse has reduced the potentialities of Islamic and territorial identity to producing of theory and indigenous humanities at the framework of Iran’s history and Geography.

The causes of wars and conflicts at different levels in international relations can be investigated and interrogated from the perspective of threat perception. Threat perception is an intervening factor that effects the decision of countries to enter into war, deterrence, coercion, alliance and any other options. The relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia, as two important powers of the Middle East and Southwest Asia, which have undergone a serious metamorphosis especially after the Islamic Revolution and changed from cooperative -oriented to competitive approach, can also be analyzed from this point of view. The question of the present research is how the threat perception has influenced the foreign policy’s direction of Iran and Saudi Arabia (especially in the two regions of the Middle East and Central Asia) towards each other? The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and its data collection method is based on documentary research. This study deals with one of the most recent crises in the foreign relations of the two countries, i.e. the tensions created after the execution of Sheikh Nimr by the Saudi family and the cessation of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 2016. By focusing on this crisis, which is different from the previous crises in the foreign relations of the two countries, this research aims to examine the relevance of threat perception in their foreign relations during this period of time. By applying the theoretical framework of threat perception and Cohen's desired indicators of threat perception, i.e. the statements of decision makers and leaders and their reaction to threats, as well as their confrontational behavior against threat perception, the research findings show that this factor plays a prominent and undeniable role in shaping the foreign policy of the two countries as well as the controversies of their leaders in the two regions of the Middle East and Central Asia.

Both the corporate governance system and the disclosure of social responsibility are based on the concept of accountability. Increasing the level of accountability in the board structure leads to better cost management and more disclosure of information related to the social performance of companies and thus more stakeholder satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of corporate social responsibility on the relationship between the quality of corporate governance and tax avoidance. The information required for this study is taken from the financial statements of 142 companies in the period 1391-1391. In terms of purpose, the research is part of applied research and the research method is correlational in terms of nature and content, and panel analysis has been used to analyze the hypothesis. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the quality of corporate governance and tax avoidance and the social responsibility strengthens this negative and significant relationship.

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is) is a routine telescopic surgery for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, which results in an unpleasant sensation due to the presence of a urinary catheter. Studies have shown that muscarinic receptor antagonists and opioids can reduce the incidence and severity of this unpleasant sensation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of localized prostate blockade using bupivacaine on the unpleasant sensation caused by a urethral catheter after prostate resection surgery. 

The present study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial research. The statistical population included 42 patients scheduled for TURP in the hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Patients were divided into two groups: one bupivacaine treatment group (0.5mg/kg) by trans-perinatal method in periprostatic space on both sides and two (control group). In this study, the degree of discomfort until recovery was evaluated every half hour, the duration of Aldrete score to 9 and the degree of dissatisfaction caused by urethral catheter in patients undergoing prostate resection. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, Mann-Whitney. 

Both study groups were similar in terms of baseline characteristics. Urinary catheter dissatisfaction was assessed after surgery and a significant difference was seen between the two groups. The mean time of patients in the recovery room in group two groups of control was significantly longer than group one (p≤0.165) and these patients reached the Aldrete score of 9 in a longer period of time. The mean duration of patients in the control groups in the recovery room was 118.81±56.45 minutes and in the treatment group were 97.14±27.90 minutes. No statistically significant difference was observed in morphine use between the two groups and no specific complication was observed in either groups. 

Consuming bupivacaine for localized blockade of the prostate in patients undergoing prostate resection surgery can reduce the discomfort caused by the presence of a urinary catheter, the length of time in the recovery ward and the level of dissatisfaction in recovery ward patients. Keywords: Transurethral Resection of the Prostate, TURP, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Bupivacaine, Pain, Recovery, Localized Blockade

Nearly 1.35 million people die each year due to traffic crashes, 50% of which belong to vulnerable users (pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists). Considering the importance of pedestrian safety at intersections that are an important part of the urban pedestrian network, it is necessary to take steps to increase pedestrian safety. The purpose of this study is to present a prioritization for the modification of hazardous intersections based on factors affecting pedestrian safety at 25 important intersections of 11th district of Tehran. The total number of crashes in these 25 intersections and their 50-meter buffer over the years 2017-2019 is more than 25% of total crashes. More than 40% of the fatalities are pedestrians and these modifications lead to improve safety. In this regard, prioritizing hazardous segment methods such as average crash frequency, crash rates, EPDO and Fuzzy-AHP method were used. A questionnaire with 9-degree fuzzy spectra was used to identify the indices and prioritization criteria for paired analysis. Results show that prioritizing hazardous intersections influenced by the type of indicators and indices used in evaluating intersection safety. Finally, a comprehensive plan of prioritizing hazardous intersections presented based on pedestrian safety and land use indices; accordingly, the Molavi-Valiasr intersection has the highest priority for reform.