علیرضا بخشی

Mirza Ahmad Neyrizi is one of the calligraphers of the late Safavid period who has a special place in the history of Naskh script. The number of Qurans transcribed by him during about seventy years of transcription, along with treatises, pilgrimage letters, supplications, and pieces and albums is so large that less calligraphers have been so successful. Zeynol Abedin Esfahani known as Ashraf al-Kotab (1773 A.D.) was a prominent calligrapher during the Qajar period and was a prolific calligrapher who, despite his long life, transcribed until his old age. The aesthetic advantages of the transcribed works of these two calligraphers in a long historical period caused a significant number of calligraphers to be their successors and followers, and for many years until the contemporary period, calligraphers have loved the stylistic features of each of them. The purpose of this research is a comparative study and measurement of similarities and differences such as transcribing angle and pen expulsion, connections, proportions in the body and letters of words, strengths and weaknesses, word order in lines, page layout and legibility so determination and recognition of specific calligraphy styles in Mirza Ahmad Neyrizi and Zeynol Abedin Esfahani’s artworks can be answered according to fundamentals of visual literacy and application of the principles of Gestalt theory. This article has been done by analytical method and collection of library information with a comparative approach and shows that due to the formal changes as well as visual richness, despite the differences and similarities in the aesthetic characteristics of these transcriptions, each of the two masters has a special method and styles.