علیرضا توکلی

Water management in the upstream region of basin is necessary for more appropriate access to water resources and also to reduce tension in the downstream. The present study was conducted to analyze and evaluate the water productivity of wheat, in different irrigation managements, in the upstream area of the Karkheh basin (specifically, Honam plain in Lorestan province) during two years. This study was performed in four distinctive phases: a) cognitive phase, b) improving phase, c) implementation phase and D) analysis phase. In the first year of study (Cognitive phase), the situation in the region in terms of yield and water productivity in irrigated wheat fields were studied. In improving phase, the different management scenarios to enhance the yield and water productivity were defined and studied. The management scenarios were defined based on existing farmer’s conditions and agricultural facilities. In the second year (third phase), management scenarios were implemented in irrigated wheat fields. Finally, in the fourth phase results were analyzed and evaluated. The Monitoring of the fields, showed that the farmers irrigated this fields on an average of 43% less than the crop full irrigation requirement. The result showed that cutting of water in first and second time decreased the yield of wheat in research fields in the second year. The highest yield reduction was observed by cutting of water in the first irrigation. Results showed that under the present situation, deficit irrigation management practices (cutting of water at wheat growth stages) and the allocation of water savings for single irrigation of rainfed wheat fields are not suitable for Honam region.

Induction generator based wind turbines are very vulnerable to malnutrition, especially in low power, during grid side faults. In most studies, a finger is used to protect the rotor - side converter during network faults. New networks require wind turbines that can stay connected in fault conditions and provide the requested capacity. In this paper, a new control system based on ounding fault current has been introduced to protect the two mal nourished induction generator - based wind turbines and the bounding generator - based wind turbine during grid - side faults. The proposed limiting is used on the DC side of the rotor - side converter.the mentioned system solves the problems and eliminates the following problems in the system. The proposed restriction has no significant effect on overall network performance during normal operation. Whenever a fault occurs, whether symmetric or asymmetric, it not only limits the over current of the rotor but also prevents the acceleration of the rotor speed and limits high torque fluctuations even during the zero grid voltage, the simulation results confirm the limiting performance in protecting the wind turbine in grid fault conditions.

Environment Scanning is one of the future studies activities that provides the necessary information for intelligent analyzes and Suggestion items. The purpose of this research is to design an early warning and response system for social crises.This research is practical from the point of view of the goal and documentary-expert from the point of view of gathering information. Qualitative methods used in this research include: Theme analysis and expert panel.The design of the surveillance system for social crises, based on systems theory, consists of four parts: input, processing, output, and feedback.The input of the system is: identification and collection of human and field information, osint, crowdsourcing, official, scientific and specialized information, big data and the Internet of Everything and the ecosystem of think tanks.The processing of the system consists of: the group of data science, artificial intelligence and augmented intelligence, the understanding of strategic intent (ecosystem of think tanks), the group of review, combination and analysis of information, the group of technology and technical infrastructure, the group of outsourcing, the management of geographic information system and the critical places.The output of the system is: warning, release engineering and action options.The feedback of the system is done through environmental assessment and outcome measurement using the social network of like-minded cultural activists and crisis prevention and management group.

Significant decline of groundwater reservoirs in all plains of the country and its adverse consequences are intensifying day by day, so the purpose of this study is to comprehensively assess the trend of favorable and unfavorable changes in the national plan to rehabilitate and balance the country's groundwater resources.

According to the purpose of this research, from all upstream documents in water science and engineering, including water resources balance reports of the country's study areas, summary reports and feedback of regional water companies in all provinces after the implementation of this national plan and extracting information from library resources and face-to-face talks with Experts from the Ministry of Energy were used.

According to the latest available information (Ministry of Energy), there are more than 858,000 active wells in the country, of which about 50 billion cubic meters are discharged for various purposes. During the last half century, as a result of depletion of groundwater resources more than the feeding of aquifers and consecutive droughts, more than 410 out of 609 study areas of the country have been banned. With the aim of balancing water withdrawal with natural discharge capacity and repairing lost groundwater reserves over a period of 20 years, the plan to rehabilitate and balance groundwater resources in 2014 was approved by the Supreme Water Council and control the average annual deficit 5.6 billion cubic meters of aquifers (leading to the water year 2015-16) have been defined and planned in the 5-year period of the Sixth Plan in the country. In this regard, the Ministry of Energy has developed an action plan at the level of provinces and study areas covered.

With the passage of a decade since the implementation of this national plan, in this study, the results of the field performance at the level of the country's provinces were extracted and compared with the annual goals. Considering the trend, it becomes clear that the extent of water governance for the protection of underground water resources is in an unfavorable situation. The results show that not supporting this plan will face the country with irreparable challenges and consequences in the not too distant future.

Lack of an appropriate linkage between extension and research, is one of the problems of the agricultural extension system. After the implementation of the agricultural extension new system, "senior extension researchers" and "supportive researchers" were defined in order to play a more organized role in the agricultural knowledge network. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to analyze the challenges and strategies to improve the performance of supportive researchers in the agricultural knowledge network of Iran. The statistical population of the study consisted of research network (N= 1876), out of whom 348 people determined as sample using Daniel's sampling formula and simple sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire; validity of questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts and construct validity (AVE Index). In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR) were calculated. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS22 and Smart PLS3 software. Results of prioritizing challenges facing supportive researchers indicated that "infrastructural-supportive" dimension was in the highest, and "functional" dimension was in the lowest ranks. Also, results of prioritizing performance improvement strategies for supportive researchers showed that "infrastructural-supportive" dimension was in the highest, and "policy making-planning" dimension was in the lowest ranks. In addition, the results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that challenges and performance improvement strategies models had four dimensions (i.e. functional, infrastructural-supportive, structural and policy making-planning). At last, some recommendations were presented due to the research results in order to improve the performance of supportive researchers.

In modern power grid structure, solar power generation has grown extensively. Due to the output fluctuations and the inability to store energy, the power provided by RESs is variable; Therefore, using energy storage devices along with them is inevitable. Energy storage devices used for power management in systems based on renewable energy sources. In this paper, an off-grid DC system including photovoltaic unit and hybrid battery-supercapacitor energy storage was studied. Each of units is connected to the DC link through DC-DC converters. In such a system, it is essential to use a suitable control strategy in order to maintain the power balance between the photovoltaic, energy storages and load demand. For this purpose, a new control strategy for energy management and maintaining power balance in DC link is presented in this paper, which controls voltage fluctuations caused by load and source changes, using the high accuracy of delta sigma modulators. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated through simulation under five different scenarios, taking into account all possible modes of changes, including stepwise increase or decrease in load or resource production. The results indicate the better performance of the proposed method in terms of maximum range of oscillation in all investigated modes.

The natural motive of the people is to establish justice, and this inner motive with Wilayat (the link between the people and the Imam) is transformed into a collective motive (development). In the theory of provincial justice, the actor (the just individual and the just community), the active (society) and the action (the design of a just system) are explained and a solid basis of the concept and nature of justice and how to establish it is presented, which can be the basis of action. People especially to design a fair system in the new Islamic civilization.This article, by reviewing the dimensions of the theory of provincial justice, including the just individual, the just community, and the design of a just system, has determined the model of the implementation of justice in practice. The characteristics of a just person can be explained in three areas: faith, morals and righteous action (individual righteous action). The characteristics of a just community can also be explained in three areas: the just method of social interaction, consistent systems in the administration of society, and the just progress of society in the provincial system.The established systems in the administration of community affairs are divided into five areas: the political justice system, the economic justice system, the socialjustice system, the cultural and intergenerational justice system, and the judicial justice system and compensation for lost rights.In order to design a fair system in each area, it is necessary to systematically determine the issues related to justice. The question of this research is, what should be the necessary steps to design a fair system in every issue?

The method of this research is an expert panel.

result obtained from this research is that in every issue, these ten steps must be followed in order to establish justice:Clarification of the problem,deep religious understanding (of the Qur'an and Atrat),Determining the rights and duties of the rightful and the criteria of public satisfaction,Examining solutions and choosing the appropriate solution (using from human experiences),Formulation of fair rules: based on equality, proportional - by determining criteria, measure and measurement tools - and complementary,Designing fair processes, balanced and proportional structure and criteria of competence of managers,Designing tools or efficient system with correct and complete information, design review with experts, finalization with stakeholders, consensus building with trustees,Establishment of justice / installment,Evaluation and correction.

The implementation of the Khuzestan Land reclamation Plan, has been provided a suitable platform to promoting research findings on the proper use of soil and water resources, agricultural inputs and increasing crop production. Therefore, this study was carried out in the agricultural year 2017-2018 with the aim of evaluating the water productivity resulting from improved management of canola production inputs and comparing it with conventional management in the northern lands of Khuzestan province. For this purpose, 11 farms (advanced management treatment) were selected to apply technical packages including irrigation scheduling, using the minimum tillage, applying balanced plant nutrition, raised bed planting, proper seed rate, according to farm conditions and farmer facilities. In each of these farms, the amount of applied water during the growing season, grain yield and water productivity were determined and compared with the surrounding farms data with traditional management (control treatment). The results showed that the average canola grain yield and water productivity increased from 2413 kg ha-1 and 0.51 kg m-3 in the control treatment to 2994 kg ha-1 and 0.69 kg m-3 in the superior treatment, respectively. This increase was statistically significant at the level of 1%.

Drought can mainly affect agriculture, especially rainfed agriculture due to its high dependence on precipitation, thereby compromising food security and social protection. In this study, the correlation between SPI and SPEI drought indices with rainfed wheat yield of 5 filds in Saqqez city during the period of 2001-2020 was investigated with neural network, random forest and support vector regression. TRMM precipitation and CRU evapotranspiration were used to calculate SPI and SPEI drought indices. The AquaCrop model was calibrated with observational data and then filds performance was simulated with the AquaCrop model for the period 2001-2020. The average yield of the filds was evaluated with the average yield of the entire Saqqez city, and the results showed that the data simulated with the model had a good correlation (R2=0.90) with the average rainfed wheat yield of Saqqez city. The results of evaluating the relationship between SPI and SPEI indices with rainfed wheat yield showed that the neural network and random forest method with a significant probability of 95% (P-value=0.0) and an explanatory coefficient of more than 0.70% and a high value of Nash Sutcliffe index And a small amount of underestimation has had a good estimate of the rainfed wheat yield and there is a significant relationship between SPI and SPEI drought indices with the rainfed wheat yield in the study area.

To deal with the challenge of the level of penetration of renewable energy sources against uncertainties and in order to develop the secondary load frequency control loop, with the aim of reducing the impact of disturbances and adjusting the resistant gain coefficient to uncertainties, using a virtual inertial controller based on the resistant control of the Mu-synthesis method. For the lack of inertia in the islanded microgrid clusters, alternating current has been done. The stability and performance of this method is proved based on the structured singular value. The experimental results of the hardware in the loop by the TMS320F2812 digital signal processor and the simulation in the MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment confirm the performance of the proposed controller for the development of traditional load frequency control in comparison with the enhanced virtual inertial control and inertialess mode, under various disturbances, that the application of the controller The virtual inertia based on Mu-synthesis improves the stability of islanded microgrid clusters and damping of power fluctuations, and also reduces frequency deviations to a significant extent.

Extension activities to improve irrigation and farm management will have an effective role in increasing yield and optimal use of water and soil resources. Yield gap is considered as one of the important issues in farm management, and it is very important to know the factors affecting it. One of the problems of farmers is their little knowledge in the field of water and soil. If they have access to modern knowledge and farm management, they can make an effective contribution in managing water use and increasing production. One of the solutions that can be effective in the field of optimal management of water consumption and other production inputs is to increase the knowledge, attitude and skills of farmers. The main goal of this research was to investigate and analyze the role of extension activities implemented in model sites located in the northern region of Khuzestan province in increasing yield and improving water productivity.

The intended extension method in this research was a model site based on which each model site has a main user and between 20 and 25 functional users. Functional units included farmers who, while visiting the main site, applied all or part of the recommendations used in the main site in their own farm.In order to transfer knowledge, increase yield and water productivity at on-farm scale, 52 extension model sites in the regions of Dezful, Shush, Shushtar and Andimshek located in the north of Khuzestan, Iran, (2017-2019) and in the technical packages (balanced nutrition, cultivation, optimal length of border irrigation, cultivar, low tillage methods, modified irrigation method) were done according to different crops. The crops were included wheat, corn, canola, sugarbeet, mung bean, onion, cabbage, lettuce, eggplant, beans and citrus fruits. In addition to model sites, control farms under traditional management were also investigated and evaluated. The result of comparing the average values of advanved management treatment (main site) and traditional management (control) was with t-test indicates the existence of a significant difference in yield and water productivity. Water productivity was obtained from the ratio of yield (kg/ha) to irrigation water. The guaranteed selling price of wheat, canola and sugar (beet) was 115 thousand rials, 235 thousand rials and 230 thousand rials, respectively. All measures in two parts of the farm were carried out by the operator under technical supervision and all measurements were carried out by the researcher.

The results of extension activities conducted by researchers and agricultural experts in the faremer condition and with the participation of 1201 of them, showed that if the results are widespread, the total amount of crop production will increase despite the reduction in irrigation water consumption. The amount of expected increase in the production of wheat, Canola, sugar beet, corn, mung bean and citrus fruits in Shush region was 14857 tons, 13347 tons, 8303 tons, 6225 tons, 221 tons and 870 tons respectively; The expected increase in the production of wheat, Canola and beans in Shushtar region was 19750 tons, 2028 tons and 83 tons, respectively; The expected increase in the production of wheat, Canola and beans in Shushtar region was 19750 tons, 2028 tons and 83 tons, respectively; The expected increase in wheat, corn and eggplant production in Andimshek region was 21966 tons, 3792 tons and 71 tons respectively and The expected increase in the production of wheat, Canola, sugar beet, corn, onion, lettuce, cabbage and citrus in Dezful region was 9447 tons, 20107 tons, 717 tons, 1594 tons, 2478 tons, 3610 tons, 5749 tons and 19232 tons respectively. The increase in water productivity by using specific technical packages for each crops compared to the control for wheat, canola, sugar beet, corn, vegetables, beans, mung bean, and citrus fruits is 10, 35, 9.6, 21.4, 42.5, 11.1, 50 and 168 percent respectively.

Considering the nature of the model sites, which is accompanied by the participation of the users in the processes of learning and applying techniques, the continuation of these activities can help the development and sustainability of the aforementioned achievements.

Shifting of surface irrigation to drip system is key tool to reduce water saving. Due to the soil moisture profile variation of the drip irrigation; water distributed of the root zone is not uniform. Moreover, moisture deficit and inefficient fertilizing in drip system due to unavailability in deeper layers of soils is one of the disadvantages of drip system in pistachio orchards with depth root systems. An experiment was carried out by adjusted subsurface drip irrigation (SSDIadj) system in pistachio of Damghan region (Semnan province) in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement in three replications for three years. The potassium fertilizer amounts (Fertigation) at three levels (50, 70, and 100% of requirement) were considered as the main plot and the design of conductor tubes of the SSDIadj system in seven levels as sub plots. The irrigation guide tubes were arranged for sand tube irrigation in (control), 40-40-40-40, 40-40- 50-50, 40-40-60-60, 40-40-50-60, 40-40-50-70, and 40-40-50-80. Meteorological data from the nearest meteorological station was collected and analyzed. Yield, water consumption, irrigation water productivity index and growth conditions of ShahPasand pistachio cultivar were determined in different treatments. Data were analyzed using Genstat-12 software and based on the analysis of surplus costs and aerial data, the best treatment including combination of potassium fertilizer and arranged tubes of SSDIadj system was determined. The recommended treatments are including of full irrigation, full potassium fertilizer and guide tubes 40-40-50-70 and or 40-40-50-80. The treatments with stratified conductive tubes in the optimal distribution of water, improving productivity and reducing inefficient consumption water. In addition, there are no restrictions on subsurface irrigation such as root accumulation, root penetration into pores of drippers and as well as accumulation of salts.

With codification of the constitution, the Islamic Republic has passed the stage of making system and is in the stage of the Islamic State. This research attempts to clarify the layers, dimensions, components, and principles of supreme ruling (prime sovereignty) based on monotheistic system and religious democracy. The resulting exemplar could provide a basis for redesigning the Islamic State. This research, first, presents a basic and codified theory based on documentary studies in the field of ruling and sovereignty, especially in Islamic thought, which then has been reviewed, criticized, revised and finalized through additional interviews and at the end in the meeting of experts. In the exemplar of prime sovereignty, the Vali e Faqih (supreme leader who is a Jurist) is the ruler and has three responsibilities: leading the Islamic nation, leading Islamic Republic and demanding the discourse of the Islamic Revolution. The exemplar prime sovereignty has two layers, the leadership (Imam) and the social system (Islamic nation/ Ummah), and the components of each layer are divided into two parts: The components of Islamic Republic and the components of Islamic Revolution (monitoring and evaluation). In the exemplar prime sovereignty there are 33 components for the Islamic Republic, divided into the leadership layer (fifteen components) and the social system layer (eighteen components) and 22 components for the Islamic Revolution, focusing on right, justice and people's satisfaction. Principles of the prime sovereignty are specified into 37 principles: Objective (six principles), Units (five principles), Relationships (seven principles), Resources (six principles), Mode (five principles), Environment (four principles) and Hierarchy and Complexity (four principles).

Heavy metals such as chromium are considered important pollutants for the environment and agricultural products. Many of these metals are toxic even in very low concentrations and may disrupt the growth process of crops. This study aims at comparing the response of different sesame cultivars to irrigation with different levels of chromium contaminated water. The experiment is carried out as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Mayamey, Semnan Province, Iran. Experimental factors include irrigation with different levels of chromium-contaminated water in 5 levels (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) and three sesame cultivars (Dashtestan, Oltan and local). The results indicate that irrigation with chromium-contaminated water significantly reduce the plant height and root length (p < 0.01), but have no significant effect on leaflet number and shoot fresh weight. The highest decrease in plant height and root length are observed under irrigation with 100% chromium-contaminated water. There has been a significant difference between sesame cultivars in relation to the growth characteristics. So, the Oltan cultivar has had the highest plant height, leaflet number, root length, and water productivity index compared to other cultivars. According to the results, high levels of chromium in irrigation water significantly reduce the growth of different cultivars.

Studying the effects of drought in mountainous areas is facing problems due to the inappropriate distribution of stations, the lack of long-term data, and areas lacking statistics. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to investigate the drought indices of Kurdistan province using TRMM satellite data and ECMWF dataset, as well as to evaluate their accuracy against the data of land stations in Kurdistan province. First, ECMWF precipitation data for the 2000-2020 period and TRMM precipitation data for the 2000-2019 period were obtained and evaluated using RMSE, MBE, and correlation coefficient statistics. Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between the TRMM satellite precipitation data and the ECMWF dataset with ground stations at the 5% level, and the value of this coefficient was between 0.95-0.85. According to the results, it can be acknowledged that the TRMM satellite rainfall and ECMWF dataset in the monthly time scale had proper accuracy at the Kurdistan province level. Therefore, these two sources were used to examine the drought indices. SPI, SPEI, and ZSI drought indices were calculated in different monthly periods (1-48), PNI in different monthly, seasonal, and annual periods in Kurdistan province (Saqqez, Qorveh, Bijar, Sanandaj stations). Spearman's correlation coefficient indicated a significant relationship at the 5% level between the SPI, ZSI, PNI, and SPEI index of the ECMWF dataset with ground stations. The results of the SPI index showed that the lowest RMSE value for the TRMM satellite at the Saqqez station and the three months was equal to 0.45, and for the ECMWF dataset at the Sanandaj station and the 24 months was equal to 0.35.

The North of Khuzestan province is one of the most important agricultural hubs of Iran. With the implementation of the Khuzestan Land Reclamation Plan (Provincial Plan), a suitable platform has been provided to increase field and horticulture crops production. Promoting research findings for proper applying of water resources, soil and agricultural inputs to increase water performance and productivity were the important goals of implementing model extension sites and pilots in these areas. For this purpose, 11 farms were selected in 2017, to apply technical recommendations. In each of the selected farms, the amount of irrigation water was measured during the cropping season, and the corn grain yield and physical irrigation water productivity were determined and compared with the data of the fields around each site (control treatment). The results showed that in the control treatment, the average grain corn yield and physical irrigation water productivity were 6450 kg ha-1 and 0.8 kg m-3, respectively, which by applying technical solutions of using the optimal length in furrow irrigation, reducing the inflow (cutback method), applying minimum tillage, management crop nutrition, pest management, pathogens and weeds increased to 7232 kg ha-1 and 1 kg m-3 and this increasing was statistically significant at 1% level (p=0.001).

this paper presents finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) in the low and high speed range for the control of brushless DC (BLDC) motor. In the proposed control method, by removing the mechanical sensor and using the sliding mode observer (SMO), the electromotive force (BACK-EMF) as well as the speed and position of the rotor are accurately estimated. Then through fcs-mpc to improve speed control performance and reduce chattering, by minimizes a cost function, predicts the future behavior of the  system variables. The method is simulated with MATLAB software and the output speed and back-emf obtained from the control model control method with a limited control set are compared with the slip model observer method. The simulation results show that the control method used improves the speed convergence accuracy and reduces the steady-state error and the steady-state fluctuations.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the threatening components of the strategic cooperation between Iran and Russia. A look at the history of the relations between the two countries shows that during the period when the Euro-Atlanticists came to power in Russia, the relations between the two countries were faced with mistrust. But since 1996, with the emergence of Eurasianists in Russia, we have witnessed the rapprochement of the relations between the two countries and their cooperation. The Syrian crisis caused the relations between the two countries to expand more and more, and at the same time, we witnessed the strategic cooperation of the two countries to solve the said crisis. But besides this cooperation, some factors and components threaten this cooperation and in the future may even harm the relations between the two countries. According to these cases, the question is raised, what are the threatening components of the regional relations between Iran and Russia? To answer the research question, descriptive-analytical method has been used. The findings showed that the two countries' different views on relations, the legal regime of the Caspian Sea, the search for new energy markets, Russia's relations with America and Israel, the way of looking at the Syrian crisis, the pursuit of interests in the post-crisis era of Syria are among the components that make strategic cooperation between Iran and They threaten Russia.

Interaction with research institutes and centers is one of the components of the new agricultural extension system in Iran. In order to play an appropriate role of researchers in the agricultural knowledge network, senior extension-researchers and supportive researchers were defined as two main actors.Accordingly, the main purpose of this survey research was to evaluate effectiveness of senior extension-researchers in the new agricultural extension system of Iran. Statistical population of the study consisted of research network (N= 1908 pepole),out of whom 320 people determined as sample using Daniel's sampling formula and simple sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire; validity of questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts and construct validity (AVE≥0.51). Reliability of the questionnaire was approved by calculating the Ordinal Theta (θ≥0.77) and composite reliability (CR≥0.77). The collected data were analyzed by SPSSwin22 and Smart PLS3 software. Results of prioritizing showed that, in the context dimension, “compatibility of senior extension-researchers’ objectives with policies of the agricultural sector”; in the input dimension, “technical ability of senior extension-researchers”; in the process dimension, “participating in E-learning courses as teacher”; and finally, in the product dimension, “applicability of the recommendations to target users” were in the highest ranks. Also, results of prioritizing effectiveness evaluation dimensions of senior extension-researchers indicated that "product" was in the highest rank and "input" was in the lowest rank. Besides the confirmation of indicators’ homogeneity and reliability, the results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that effectiveness evaluation model had four components (i.e. context, input, process and product).

Cooling panels using the half pipe method is one of the most important methods used to increase the efficiency of solar resources. In this article, a practical project for cooling a solar panel based on the half-pipe method has been carried out with the aim of increasing the efficiency of solar panels. In the proposed design, the half-pipes are installed directly on the bottom surface of the panel, and the available fluid, which is water in this technique, is inside the half-pipes and in direct contact with the panel, and performs the cooling process in a spiral on the surface of the panel. Two panels have been used to compare the performance of a panel equipped with a half pipe and a panel without this system, the panels have dimensions of 150 x 180 and power of 200 watts. Three sensors have been used to measure the temperature of the panels and the environment. The results show that using the half-pipe method can reduce the temperature of the panels by about 10 degrees Celsius. In addition, the results show a 36% increase in solar panel efficiency by using the half-pipe method.

In order to interact with research institutes and centers, as one of the main components of the agricultural extension new system, "supportive researchers" were defined.The main purpose of this survey research was to validate the CIPP model in evaluating the effectiveness of supportive researchers.Statistical population of the study consisted of agricultural extension network (N= 9627),out of whom 566 people were determined as samples using Daniel's sampling formula and simple sampling technique.Data were collected through a questionnaire; validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts,construct validity and discriminant validity.Reliability of the questionnaire was approved by calculating the Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability.The collected data were analyzed by SPSS22 and Smart PLS3 software. Results of prioritizing indicated that, in the context dimension, “completeness of duties and responsibilities of supportive researchers”; in the input dimension, “technical ability of supportive researchers”; in the process dimension, “providing technical recommendations to the extension agents and farmers”; and finally, in the product dimension, “applicability of the recommendations to target users” were in the highest ranks. Also, results of prioritizing effectiveness evaluation dimensions of supportive researchers indicated that "context" was in the highest rank and "process" was in the lowest rank.Besides the confirmation of indicators’ homogeneity and reliability, the results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the effectiveness evaluation model of supportive researchers had four components (i.e. context, input, process and product).Considering the comprehensiveness of the CIPP model, therefore, it is recommended to use this model in evaluating the effectiveness of supportive researchers.

Nowadays, permanent magnet synchronous motors have been widely used in industry due to the elimination of excitation losses, longer life and higher efficiency. Errors in engine and drive systems are unavoidable during operation. Therefore, a suitable scenario should be considered for when these systems fail. If the necessary predictions and control algorithms are not considered for the error conditions, heavy damages will be imposed on equipment and devices, especially at high power levels. One of the common control methods in inverters and synchronous motor drives is the proportional-integral control method. In most cases, simple proportional-integral control with fixed interest rates is used. In this paper, fuzzy logic with suitable membership functions is used to adaptively and intelligently determine the benefits of proportional-integral controller to control the speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor in the event of an error. By combining fuzzy logic and gray wolf algorithm to achieve the optimal controller, a method is presented that takes advantage of the fuzzy controller along with the proportional-integral controller and using the gray wolf algorithm for optimization. Reconstruction results in optimal and stable control under various fault conditions. The proportional-integral controller interests used in conjunction with the gray wolf algorithm for speed control are determined using fuzzy logic for error conditions. In this paper, the proposed method in MATLAB software Simulink environment is simulated in two stages, once for step changes of reference speed and torque and once under three types of errors, and the results show improved reference speed tracking and reduction Distortion of three-phase currents and torque fluctuations.

Among all the drive control methods of induction motors, the Direct Torque Control (DTC) method operates independently of the rotor parameters of the machine and, despite its simplicity, provides good torque control in both stable and transient modes. The use of residual comparators in these drives reduces the torque ripple and variable switching frequency. The most common solution is the use of spatial vector modulation (SVM), which depends on torque and reference flux. In this paper, two fuzzy controllers optimized by meta-heuristic algorithm, along with SVM technique for inverter, are used to control flux and torque. One of the objectives of this paper is to analyze and compare the performance of the fuzzy and proportional-integral controller in the presence of electrical errors and after its removal. Simulations are performed in MATLAB/Simulink software and the results and investigations are presented in shapes and tables. The results show that the proposed model improves the system response parameters such as settling time, maximum overshoot and stability of the system and shows that the fuzzy controller has a lower parting percentage and lower settling time for flux and torque than the proportional-integral controller.

With the increasing population, increasing production in rainfed fields is necessary for food security. With regard poor distribution of rainfall in recent years, Water management for rainfed fields in critical conditions has priority. The results showed that for one or two irrigation in sensitive times, the yield of rainfed fields increased. Although supplementary irrigation in order to improve yield and water use efficiency in rainfed fields is the attention the study of special characteristic rainfed fields such as topography, slope, and the access to water resources is essential. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of supplemental irrigation in rainfed fields is based on the topography and slope. According to the land use map of Qazvin province, about 284 thousand hectares are irrigated lands and 132 thousand hectares are rainfed fields in the province that most of these lands in the Qazvin plain. Then with regard to the slope map from the region, rainfed fields for doing supplementary irrigation are classified into 4 classes: 0-5%, 5-8%, 8-12%, and more than 12%. The two land use and slope maps of Qazvin province were unified. In rainfed fields, 83, 10.7, 3.8, and 2.5% of fields have slope 0-5, 5-8, 8-12, and more than 12%, respectively. So 97.5% of rainfed fields have the ability to do supplementary irrigation. Most of these lands are in the Qazvin plain and in the vicinity of irrigated lands.

Pistachio cultivation is important because of its considerable area under cultivation in Damghan region and its share in the economy of the region and the province. Due to the amount of irrigation water required and limited access to water in the region and the unusual conditions of water and soil in the region, it is necessary to manage water consumption and optimize it. Improving irrigation systems in pistachio orchards, while reducing demand and saving water consumption, allows for better distribution of available water. If the current conditions continue and with an increase in groundwater levels, an increase in the negative balance of the aquifer and a decrease in water quality will cause many problems. This study was conducted to determine pistachio water consumption, status of water productivity index and also to compare irrigation systems in Damghan pistachio orchards.

For sampling, 148 samples were randomly selected from among the orchards of farmers in different areas of Damghan region, some of which lacked technical conditions and reliable data. Therefore, research data was collected by random sampling method and also through questionnaire data and interviews with operators or farm managers of 112 pistachio orchards. In this study, 112 gardens in Damghan region were selected and studied in terms of water use and water productivity. The amount of water consumption, yield and water productivity of selected pistachio orchards in Damghan region were determined. Damghan Pistachio Research Station is located at 54o20′8″ east longitude and 36o9′48″ north latitude and the altitude is 1130 meters above sea level. In agriculture, the physical productivity of water is generally used. The physical productivity index of irrigation water was obtained from the ratio of crop yield under each of the treatments to irrigation water. Three systems of surface irrigation, surface drip irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation were evaluated in 7 selected gardens.

The average yield of trees over 20 years of selected orchards was 4950 kg.ha-1 and the average yield of trees over 10 years of selected orchards was 3088 kg.ha-1. The average water consumption in surface irrigation method in the gardens of exploiters was estimated to be more than 8380 m3.ha-1, which is less than the water requirement documents. The amount of water used in drip irrigation is 8000-5000 m3.ha-1 and in subsurface drip irrigation is 4927 m3.ha-1, which is less than the national document. The water productivity index in each of these systems (surface irrigation, surface drip irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation) were 0.6-0.5, 1.5-2.5 and 0.406 kg.m-3, respectively. Water productivity index in trees over 20 years of selected orchards was equal to 0.54 kg.m-3 and in trees over 10 years old was equal to 0.349 kg.m-3. 53% of orchards have water productivity of less than 0.20 kg.m-3. Water productivity in surface irrigation, drip irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation systems were 0.5-0.6, 0.25-0.15 and 0.406 kg.m-3, respectively. Obviously, the relative advantage of irrigation methods for pistachio orchards depends on water quality and soil characteristics, water availability, tree age and garden management.

In analyzing the productivity index and yield of pistachio orchards, in addition to garden management, other factors such as tree age, cultivar type, water and soil quality, soil characteristics, alignment of climatic data and plant nutrition, process and ease of nutrient uptake and ..... also be noted. But this does not mean the advantage of drip or subsurface irrigation over surface irrigation. The range of water – yield relationship and analysis of the water productivity index indicate the existence of a yield and water productivity gaps in Damghan pistachio orchards. By choosing the best models and providing additional technical recommendations in the form of promotional training, he solved the existing gaps. Acknowledgement The valuable assistance of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Semnan Agricultural Jihad Organization, Damghan Agricultural Jihad Management and colleagues of Damghan Pistachio Research Station in carrying out related research are gratefully acknowledged.